The invention discloses a PSF fast calibration method based on single-lens imaging. Firstly, PSF estimation is performed on a group of single lenses of the same type, and a PSF template of the single lenses of the type is obtained by obtaining the average value of a group of PSFs; when other lenses of the type are used, existing complicated PSF estimation methods do not need to be completely repeated, the PSF template serves as an initial value of the PSF estimation iterative optimization process, and time needed in the PSF estimation process can be reduced. According to the PSF fast calibration method based on single-lens imaging, on the basis of the existing single lens imaging algorithm, the PSF calibration speed is greatly improved, a user can conveniently use the method, practical operability is strong, the quality of images is ensured, meanwhile, the cost of the lenses is greatly reduced, the size and weight of the lenses are reduced, and the PSF fast calibration method is of greatly significance in the field of image processing and camera designing.