The invention discloses a finger vein recognition and safety authentication method, a terminal and a system. The finger vein recognition and safety authentication method comprises a collection step, that is, information of a vein image of the finger part is collected, and encryption is performed on the vein image; an image processing step; a feature extraction step, that is, detail point feature extraction and storage are performed on the vein image conforming to quality evaluation requirements; and feature point matching step, that is, stored vein image detail point features are taken, comparative analysis is performed on the stored vein image detail point features and a vein image to be detected, detail point position and angle information is compared, a matching operation is completed,and a result is outputted. Meanwhile, the invention further comprises a finger vein recognition and safety authentication terminal and a system. According to the invention, a series of image processing and feature extracting operations are performed on the collected finger vein image, so that the finally recognized vein image is enabled to be accurate and clear, and the accuracy and the response speed of the whole finger vein recognition are effectively enhanced. Meanwhile, encryption processing is performed on the vein image, so that the confidentiality of the whole recognition system is improved, and the system is enabled to be safer and more reliable.