The utility model relates to the technical field of high-speed rotors, in particular to a high-speed rotor for driving a balance self-adjusting counterweight ring, which comprises a rotor, a rotating shaft is arranged on the rotor, balance rings are arranged on the left side and the right side of the rotor, an annular opening is arranged on one side of each balance ring far away from the rotor, an inner ring groove and an outer ring groove are arranged on the inner wall of each annular opening, and a counterweight piece is arranged in each annular opening. The counterweight piece comprises a rectangular fixed block, an inner positioning block is arranged on one side, close to the inner ring groove, of the rectangular fixed block, an outer positioning block is arranged on one side, close to the outer ring groove, of the rectangular fixed block, a threaded hole is formed in one side, away from the rotor, of the rectangular fixed block, the threaded hole is in threaded connection with a threaded column, and a counterweight block is arranged at the outer end of the threaded column. According to the high-speed rotor for driving the balance self-adjusting counterweight ring, the characteristic that the counterweight piece flexibly moves in the annular opening of the balance ring is utilized, the positions of the counterweight blocks are allowed to be freely adjusted along the annular track, the dynamic unbalance amount of the rotor can be accurately compensated by combining the counterweight blocks with different weights, and the operation complexity of multiple times of disassembly and calibration is reduced.