The invention discloses a
microwave electric field intensity meter based on a cold
Rydberg atom interferometer and a measuring method thereof. The
microwave electric field intensity meter comprises: a vacuum
system, which is used for cooling and
trapping atom to generate a cold atom cloud for preparing a
Rydberg state and generating an interference effect so as to generate a
phase difference by coherent atomic states; a
laser, which is used for generating
coupling light and detection light and exciting the cold atom in the vacuum
system from a
ground state to the
Rydberg state coherently; a photoelectric
detector, which is used for detecting an interference fringe generated by two beams of cold atom clouds due to coherence; and a
microwave source, which is used for generating a microwave
electric field. According to the invention, when the microwave electric
field intensity meter is applied to the evolution process of coherent
beam splitting and combination, the atom cloud in the
Rydberg state interacts with a to-be-measured microwave electric field, thereby generating an alternating-current
stark effect; and the to-be-measured microwave electric
field intensity is associated with a phase generated by the an alternating-current stark, thereby realizing precise measurement of the microwave electric field.