The invention discloses a prism SPR sensor detection system based on P-polarized light, which belongs to the technical field of the prism SPR sensor systems. The prism SPR sensor detection system orderly consists of a light source (1), a multimode optical fiber (2), a prism SPR sensor (4), a convex lens (5), a spectrometer (7) which receives rays transmitted by the convex lens (5) through a multimode optical fiber (6), and a computer (9) connected with the spectrometer (7). The prism SPR sensor detection system is characterized in that a polarization splitting prism (3) with a splitting bandwidth of between 40 and 1000nm is also arranged between the light source (1) and the prism SPR sensor (4). The method ensures that the half-wave widths of resonance wave troughs in a spectrum are reduced, more contributes to the analysis and detection of resonant wavelength parameters in a wavelength modulation method, and is also favorable for improving adhesion phenomenon of various resonance wave troughs of a resonance spectrum detected by a prism distributed measurement system. The prism SPR sensor detection system has the characteristics of simple light path, narrow resonance wave troughs, high detection accuracy, and so on.