The invention provides a dual-mode biological image collecting device based on fingerprints and finger vein. The dual-mode biological image collecting device comprises a casing, a flat-bottomed groove is formed in the middle on the upper surface of the casing, an inclined plane is formed at the top part of the groove, electrodes are mounted at the front end and the rear end of the groove, vein image collecting infrared light sources are mounted on two side walls of the groove, a fingerprint image collecting red light source and a fingerprint image collector are mounted in the position of the bottom part of the casing corresponding to the inclined plane part of the top part of the groove, an infrared receiver and a vein image collector are mounted in the position of the bottom part of the casing corresponding to the groove, and a power supply and a control circuit for supplying power or signal transmission to the electrodes, a temperature sensor, the red light source, the infrared light source, the infrared receiver and the image collector are arranged in the casing. The performance of the biological characteristic recognition system for collecting image information in the invention is better than that of the single-mode biological characteristic recognition system just based on fingerprints and finger vein. Therefore, by adopting the dual-light-path system for collecting the images of both the fingerprints and the hand vein, the collecting speed is increased.