The invention discloses a multi-component real-time online remote monitoring device and a method for coal spontaneous combustion indicator gas. For the limit of long distance optical fiber sensing band, the near-infrared band with weaker gas absorption line strength is used for real-time online monitoring the typical alkane gas as CO, CO2, C2H2 and C2H4 in the indicator gas. The multi-component weak signal is detected through the multi-frequency wavelength modulation and novel long optical distance multiple reflection pool technology; the device comprises a laser, a laser controller, a signal generator, a novel multiple reflection pool, an optical fiber collimator, a light beam coupler, a photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier, a processing system collecting the signal of A/D and terminal and an anti-explosion case. The device adopts the optical fiber for connection without manpower sampling, the responding sensitivity is high, the device and the method can monitor a variety of indicator gases at the same time with simple operation, good stability and small power, the device is easy to carry and install for field experimentation and the dynamic measuring range is large.