A recognizing and positioning method of ground buildings belongs to the imaging automatic target recognition field, which aims at solving the problem of recognition and positioning from different viewpoints and from different scales, and different heights, and to be used in forward looking ground buildings. The invention constructs a ground building standard feature library in advance. The sequence includes: an enhanced image procedure, a background suppression processing procedure, a gray level merge procedure, a feedback and segmentation procedure, a vertical bar feature detection procedure, and a quadratic character matching procedure. The invention further extracts characteristic quantity to match with the standard characteristic, considers recognizing the veins and scene information of the buildings, and recognizes and positions the forward looking ground buildings, aiming at the characteristic of ground buildings, and making use of mathematical morphology to extract structure information of image. The novel method has high precision of recognition, good reliability, and is used in fields such as urban planning, supervision, aircraft contact navigation, collision-avoidance to recognize the forward looking ground buildings of different viewpoints, different scales and different heights.