The invention discloses a method for denoising and enhancing an anisotropic diffusion image with controllable diffusion degree based on a track model. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, calculating a structure tensor and a Hessian matrix of each pixel point; secondly, decomposing the characteristic values of the structure tensor of each image point; thirdly, constructing a diffusion tensor of each image point, enabling the characteristic vector of the diffusion tensor to be the characteristic vector of the structure tensor, making the characteristic value as a function of the diffusion rate, i.e., a function of the characteristic value of the structure vector, and making the diffusion degree controllable by adjusting the parameter of the function; and finally, iteratively solving the track model. By adopting the method, the image can be effectively denoised and enhanced.