The invention discloses a method and device for adaptively scanning tomographic microimaging with wide view field and high-throughput, and belongs to the technical field of microimaging. According tothe method, the target imaging area of a sample is divided into a plurality of sub-areas by utilizing ultrashort pulse laser through a method of combining spatial and temporal focusing and scanning, each sub-area is quickly and adaptively scanned by adopting a time division multiplexing method, synchronous data collection is carried out, reconstruction and data processing are performed on collected microimages in each sub-area to obtain a three-dimensional spatial message of the target scanning area in a scanning cycle, and the four-dimensional information of a sample (x, y, z and t) is acquired through three-dimensional spatial scanning and delayed scanning. The device comprises an ultrashort pulse laser light source and beam conversion system, a sub-area scanning system combined with thespatial and temporal focusing technology, an optical microscopic and filter system, a synchronous microimaging system and an image reconstruction and data processing system. The device has the advantages of wide view field, high throughput, low exciting power, high signal-to-noise ratio and the like.