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A method and apparatus for creating multiple branch wells from a parent well is disclosed. According to a first embodiment of the invention a multiple branching sub is provided for placement at a branching node of a well. Such sub includes a branching chamber and a plurality of branching outlet members. The outlet members, during construction of the branching sub, have previously been distorted into oblong shapes so that all of the branching outlet members fit within an imaginary cylinder which is coaxial with and substantially the same radius as the branching chamber. According to one embodiment, the distorted outlet members are characterized by an outer convex shape. In another embodiment, the distorted outlet members are characterized by an outer concave shape when in a retracted state. After deployment of the branching sub via a parent casing in the well, a forming tool is lowered to the interior of the sub. The outlet members are extended outwardly by the forming tool and simultaneously formed into substantially round tubes. Next, each outlet member is plugged with cement, after which each branch well is drilled through a respective outlet member. If desired, each branch may be lined with casing and sealed to a branching outlet by means of a casing hanger. A manifold placed in the branching chamber controls the production of each branch well to the parent well. According to a second embodiment of the invention, a pressure resistant branching sub is provided which may be installed in series with a casing string, and the associated equipment used for the installation operation and intervention of a well. The branching sub includes a main pipe and a lateral outlet.

A method of manufacturing a composite laminate and a composite laminate manufactured according to the method are provided. The laminate comprises a series of fabric plies (1 to 15) of fibrous reinforcing material set in plastics matrix material. The method includes the steps of providing a relatively small number of fabric styles from which to choose; selecting at least one of those fabric styles according to design requirements for a particular portion of the laminate; laying up that portion with the said selection, and repeating the selection and layup steps as required to complete the layup of the laminate.

A fuel injection control apparatus of an internal combustion engine of the present invention performs control for a common rail diesel engine so that at a timing when a piston reaches compression top dead center, the rate of heat production due to the combustion of fuel injected in pre-injection is substantially maximal, and furthermore so that the combustion of fuel injected in main injection is started in the vicinity of this timing. As a result, the combustion of fuel injected in main injection is started by fully utilizing the heat production amount due to the pre-injection. Also, this avoids the production of reverse torque, as well as ensures maximizing the amount of torque produced by the combustion of fuel injected in main injection.

The disclosure relates to a continuous or semi-continuous, cyclic, countercurrent sorption-desorption method for enhanced control, separation, and / or purification of CO2 gas from one or more sources of a mixture of gases through integrated use of solid monolithic sorbents having a sorption selectivity for the CO2 gas, wherein liquid phase water is added to increase the heat capacity of the mixed gas source(s) in order to achieve a thermal wave moving through the thickness of the sorbent material faster than the CO2 sorption wave.

A one step method and system for producing nanofluids by a nanoparticle-source evaporation and deposition of the evaporant into a base fluid. The base fluid such oil or ethylene glycol is placed in a rotating cylindrical drum having an adjustable heater-boat-evaporator and heat exchanger-cooler apparatus. As the drum rotates, a thin liquid layer is formed on the inside surface of the drum. An insulated heater-boat-evaporator having an evaporant material (nanoparticle-source) placed within its boat evaporator is adjustably positioned near a portion of the rotating thin liquid layer, the evaporant material being heated thereby evaporating a portion of the evaporant material and forming nanoparticles, the nanoparticles absorbed by the liquid film to form nanofluid.

Recording data is produced from first image data corresponding to each pixel with a first number of gradations so as to supplied to a recording apparatus, which expresses each pixel with a number of gradations smaller than the first number of gradations. Second image data is produced by converting the first image data into a color space that can be output by the recording apparatus. Third image data is produced based on a second number of gradations of the second image data so that the third image data has a third number of gradations. The recording data is produced by applying a halftone process to the third image data. The third number of gradations of the third image data is adjusted to be equal to or larger than the second number of gradations of the second image data in accordance with a number of colors for each pixel used in the second image data.

A method solves a stochastic quadratic program (StQP) for a convex set with a set of general linear equalities and inequalities by an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The method determines an optimal solution, or certifies that no solution exists. The method optimizes a step size β for the ADMM. The method is accelerated using a conjugate gradient (CG) method. The StMPC problem is decomposed into two blocks. The first block corresponds to an equality constrained QP, and the second block corresponds to a projection onto the StMPC inequalities and anticipativity constraints. The StMPC problem can be decomposed into a set of time step problems, and then iterated between the time step problems to solve the decoupled problems until convergence.