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A high efficiency gasification process for converting carbonaceous solids to methane and apparatus for its practice are described. The process includes reacting steam and carbonaceous solids comprising ash in the presence of alkali metal catalyst in a gasification reactor to produce combustible gases and char particles comprising ash and alkali metal catalyst constituents, treating a stream of such char particles in an alkali metal catalyst recovery system to recover the catalyst constituents as alkali metal compounds, and recycling such recovered compounds. Within the alkali metal catalyst recovery system the process includes quenching the stream of char particles with water whereby such particles are cooled and fractured, dissolving soluble alkali metal catalyst constituents from the fractured solids to form a first alkali metal catalyst solution and washed solids, optionally reacting the washed solids in alkaline solution to form a second alkali metal catalyst solution, upgrading said first and optional second alkali solution to recover the alkali metal catalyst constituents as said alkali metal compounds.

A high efficiency gasification process for converting carbonaceous solids to methane and apparatus for its practice are described. The process includes reacting steam and carbonaceous solids comprising ash in the presence of alkali metal catalyst in a gasification reactor to produce combustible gases and char particles comprising ash and alkali metal catalyst constituents, treating a stream of such char particles in an alkali metal catalyst recovery system to recover the catalyst constituents as alkali metal compounds, and recycling such recovered compounds. Within the alkali metal catalyst recovery system the process includes quenching the stream of char particles with water whereby such particles are cooled and fractured, dissolving soluble alkali metal catalyst constituents from the fractured solids to form a first alkali metal catalyst solution and washed solids, optionally reacting the washed solids in alkaline solution to form a second alkali metal catalyst solution, upgrading said first and optional second alkali solution to recover the alkali metal catalyst constituents as said alkali metal compounds.

The support removal apparatus comprising in combination a retention tank having a manifold assembly comprising a plurality of nozzle heads in hydraulic communication with the discharge side of a pump, collectively configured for agitating an aqueous cleaning solution comprised of sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, and water; a heating element mounted within the retention tank for heating the aqueous cleaning solution to a predetermined temperature set point; a basket strainer mounted within the retention tank in hydraulic communication with the intake side of the pump to mitigate passage of small rapid prototype parts and residual support material therethrough and into the pump and manifold assembly; a work surface mounted atop the retention tank and having a movable lid fitted with a basket for containing small rapid prototype parts; a thermocouple for maintaining the temperature within a tolerable range for optimum removal of support material; a level indicator to ensure adequate solution level in the retention tank for operability of the pump and heating element; a cabinet having interface controller mounted on an exterior panel thereof for setting timer and heat functions; and a microprocessor having capabilities for making minute adjustments to the heating element via feedback from the thermocouple and controlling operation of the pump and heating element for a pre-set time interval.

The present invention relates to a lateral flow assay and system, including a test strip, for detection and quantification of analytes in samples, such as samples containing cells and fluid. In general, according to the present invention, a test strip for a lateral flow assay for detection of at least one analyte in a sample comprises: (1) a chromatographic strip, a sample filter, a fluid-impermeable barrier, and means for providing a mobilizable detectable agent that is capable of binding to the at least one analyte or to the capture agent after capturing the analyte to the chromatographic strip such that the mobilizable detectable agent migrates through the chromatographic strip and contacts sample that has passed through the sample filter and also has migrated through the chromatographic strip. The test strip allows detection with or without quantitation of an analyte in a sample containing whole cells.

The invention discloses a method for recycling lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese from a waste ternary anode material. The method comprises the steps of with the waste ternary anode material as theraw material, adding a carbon reducing agent, carrying out mixing and dosing, carrying out roasting reduction at 500-700 DEG C in a protective atmosphere, adding the roasted product into water, carrying out water-soluble reaction, after the reaction is finished, filtering to obtain lithium carbonate filtrate and a filter residue I, carrying out sulfuric acid leaching on the filter residue I so asto obtain a filtrate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese and a filter residue II, adding sulfate so as to adjust the proportion of nickel, cobalt to manganese in the filtrate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, carrying out precipitation reaction on the filtrate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, a sodium hydroxide solution and an ammonia water solution in the protective atmosphere, controlling the reaction temperature at 50-70 DEG C and the pH value at 10-11, obtaining ternary precursor slurry after the precipitation reaction, filtering, washing, and drying, so as to obtain the ternary precursor. The method has the beneficial effects that the separation condition of lithium carbonate is simple, the costs of leaching processes of nickel, cobalt and manganese and the regeneration process of the ternary material precursor are low, and the recycling rate is high.

A vertical scrubber (1) for exhaust gas from a marine vessel is described. An exhaust gas tube (2) is substantially coaxially arranged through the bottom of a lower scrubbing chamber (3) and is released though an exhaust gas outlet (20) being coaxially arranged through the top of an upper scrubbing chamber (13). A lower scrubbing chamber deflection body (4) is arranged above the opening of the exhaust gas tube (2) for redirecting the exhaust gas towards the walls of the scrubber and create turbulent gas flow, where one or more lower chamber water injector(s) (6, 6′) is (are) arranged above the lower scrubbing chamber deflection body (4), to introduce scrubbing water, and where a lower chamber exhaust gas outlet (12) is arranged at the top of the lower scrubbing chamber (3) as a coaxial constriction, for withdrawing the partly scrubbed exhaust gas from the first scrubbing chamber and introducing the gas into the upper scrubbing chamber (13).

Magnetic stirring devices, such as magnetic stirring elements and magnetic stirring systems, and stirring methods where enhanced stability and mixing efficiency is made possible by using magnets that are magnetized through thickness in relation to the rotation axis so as to improve torque and magnetic field coverage. In addition, stirring elements having protruding structures such as blades and support legs are used to improve stirring efficiency.

A pattern is formed by applying a first positive resist composition comprising a polymer comprising recurring units which become alkali soluble under the action of acid onto a substrate to form a first resist coating, heat treating, exposing, heat treating, developing to form a first resist pattern, applying a pattern surface coating composition comprising a hydroxyl-containing crosslinkable polymer onto the first resist pattern and crosslinking, thereby covering the first resist pattern with a crosslinked polymer film, applying a second positive resist composition thereon, heat treating, exposing, heat treating, and developing to form a second resist pattern.

A dermatological topical preparation such a cream, a lotion, an emulsion, a paste, an ointment and the likes including liposomes carrying lipo-dissolving substances encapsulated by the liposomes wall or incorporated with the liposomes wall components. The lipo-dissolving substance is released by the liposomes into the target adipose tissue or its proximity after penetration of the superficial skin layers by the liposomes carrying the lipo-dissolving substance.

The present invention relates to a paclitaxel composition and the preparation methods thereof to solubilize paclitaxel wherein said composition comprises 4 to 90% by weight of at least one selected from the monoglycerides, 0.01 to 90% by weight of at least one oil and 0.01 to 20% by weight of paclitaxel. Also the present invention relates to a paclitaxel composition including emulsifiers and the preparation methods thereof to solubilize paclitaxel wherein said composition comprises 4 to 90% by weight of at least one selected from the monoglycerides, 0.01 to 90% by weight of at least one emulsifier and 0.01 to 20% by weight of paclitaxel. The composition of the present invention is an effective paclitaxel delivery system since the composition solubilizes paclitaxel, does not form aggregates after being dispersed in water, adsorbs well on the intestinal wall, and therefore has high bioavailability.

The present invention relates to methods of using amidoxime compositions for cleaning polishing pads, particularly after chemical mechanical planarization or polishing is provided. A polishing pad is cleaned of Cu CMP by-products, subsequent to or during planarizing a wafer, to reduce pad-glazing by applying to the polishing pad surface a composition comprising an aqueous amidoxime compound solution in water.

An apparatus and a method for an ozone-based treatment of polluted water are disclosed. The apparatus and the method generally comprise three stages. The first stage is an ozone treatment stage wherein the polluted water is treated with ozone gas. The second stage is a gas-liquid separation stage wherein excess non-dissolved gases, from the ozone treatment stage, are removed from the water whereby the water exiting the gas-liquid separation stage is substantially saturated with dissolved gases and substantially free of non-dissolved gases. The last stage is a membrane filtration stage wherein the gas-saturated water generally undergoes micro-filtration or ultra-filtration. Microbubbles formed during this final stage generally prevent the accumulation of particles and pollutants on the surface of the membranes and / or inside the openings or pores thereof; thereby acting as a self-cleaning mechanism for the membrane filter.

A sacrificial film-forming composition is provided comprising (A) an organofunctional silicone resin which is a co-hydrolytic condensate of hydrolyzable silanes having formula (1) and formula (2) and / or (3): X—Y—SiZ3  (1) RnSiZ4-n  (2) P—SiZ3  (3) wherein Z is a hydrolyzable group, X is a crosslinkable organofunctional group, Y is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group, R is hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, n is an integer of 0-3, and P is a substituent group which readily decomposes and volatilizes upon thermal decomposition, (B) a crosslinking agent, (C) an acid generator, (D) an extender or porogen, and (E) an organic solvent. The composition has improved storage stability, filling properties, adhesion and coating uniformity sufficient to form a sacrificial film which is effectively dissolvable in a stripping solution.

The invention discloses a printing strippable protective ink, and a preparation method and application thereof. The ink comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of thermoplastic film-forming resin, 20-50 parts of low-viscosity plasticizer, 1-10 parts of filler and pigment, and 1-3 parts of functional assistant. The printing strippable protective ink has 100% solid rate, does not volatilize any solvent, is a green environment-friendly material, and satisfies the increasingly higher ecological environmental requirements. The ink has the advantages of no irritating smell, moderate viscosity and no voids, is not sticky to the printing screen, and is easy for printing operation; the ink can form a film by thermosetting at medium / low temperature, so the energy consumption is low; the thermosetting film has high flexibility, favorable heat resistance, favorable insulativity and favorable acid / alkali resistance, and effectively solves the influence on the resistance when etching the circuit on a transparent conductive film with acid and alkali in the touch screen manufacturing process; and after the conductive film protecting technique is finished in the touch screen manufacturing process, the protective ink layer can be easily stripped, and does not leave any residue, thereby effectively solving the problem of protection of the conducting film in the existing touch screen manufacturing process.

The invention discloses a high-temperature mineral phase reconstruction method for extracting lithium and other alkali metal elements from lepidolite mineral, comprising the following steps: mixing raw materials, pelletizing, calcining at high temperature, water quenching, ball milling, dissolving out, producing compounds and the like. The invention teaks raw mineral component composition to design target reconstruction mineral and composition to obtain the purpose of optimizing processes, lowering energy consumption and cost of treatment process and efficiently extracting lithium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and the like. Silicon and aluminum in lepidolite can enter anorthite type mineral phase (CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2, (Ca, Na)O. (Al, Si)2O3.2SiO2) and calcium ash quarry phase (CaO.SiO2) after mineral phase reconstruction, and do not dissolve in water and aqueous solution. After mineral phase reconstruction reaction, fluorine in lepidolite enters calcium fluoride mineral phase and does not dissolve in water and aqueous solution. Lithium and other alkali metal elements in lepidolite enter salt (chloride, sulfate) or alkali (hydroxide) phase of lithium and other alkali metal elements after mineral phase reconstruction reaction and can be dissolved in water and aqueous solution.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene from biomass waste, which comprises the following steps: pretreating biomass waste with white lime to obtain a biomass residue; and carrying out desilication hydrolysis, carbonization and carbonization material decalcification impurity removal on the biomass residue, and quickly heating to perform high-temperature graphitization. The prepared graphene has the advantages of fewer layers (2-10 layers), fewer defects, fewer oxy groups, high electric conductivity and small carbon layer interval. The prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene has a certain mesoporous structure, and is especially suitable to be used in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like. The method is simple in technique and convenient to operate, has the advantages of low cost and high graphene yield, and can easily implement industrialized large-scale production.

The present invention relates to a paclitaxel composition and the preparation methods thereof to solubilize paclitaxel wherein said composition comprises 4˜90% by weight of at least one selected from the monoglycerides, 0.01˜90% by weight of at least one oil and 0.01˜20% by weight of paclitaxel. Also the present invention relates to a paclitaxel composition including emulsifiers and the preparation methods thereof to solubilize paclitaxel wherein said composition comprises 4˜90% by weight of at least one selected from the monoglycerides, 0.01˜90% by weight of at least one oil, 0.01˜90% by weight of at least one emulsifier and 0.01˜20% by weight of paclitaxel. The composition of the present invention is an effective paclitaxel delivery system since the composition solubilizes paclitaxel, does not form aggregates after being dispersed in water, adsorbs well on the intestinal wall, and therefore has high bioavailability.

The present invention provides a hyperbranched polymer suitable as a polymer material for nanofabrication, in particular, photolithography. The hyperbranched polymer of the present invention is characterized by having a core portion prepared by a living radical polymerization of chloromethyl styrene or the like, and an acid decomposition group such as p-tert-butoxy styrene, which is linked to the core portion and present at the end of a molecule of the polymer.

The invention discloses an efficient vanadium extraction method by performing alkali roasting on vanadium mineral. The method comprises the following processing steps of: (1) mixing the vanadium mineral with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide for pellet fabrication, and oxidizing and roasting pellets at the temperature of 300-700 DEG C to obtain roasted clinker; (2) leaching the roasted clinker using water or aqueous alkali corresponding to the step 1, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain leaching residue and a vanadium dissolution solution; and (3) cooling and crystallizing silicon-removed vanadium digestion solution to obtain vanadate. The alkali roasting is used by the method provided by the invention, because alkali can function as a caking agent in the aggregating process, the caking agent can be saved; not only is the roasting temperature reduced largely and process flow largely shortened, but also no waste gas, ammonia-nitrogen wastewater and the like are discharged, as well as a leachate can be recycled; and a silicate phase can be directly destroyed to promote the destroy and the oxidization of a vanadium phase, and the oxidative enveloping and the leaching hindering of the silicate phase to the vanadium can be prevented so that the efficient vanadium leaching can be realized and the leaching rate can reach more than 95%.

A composition and method of using the composition for treating a patient in need thereof, the composition comprising an oral formulation for enhanced bioavailability of therapeutic agents such as the taxane chemotherapeutic agents. The composition comprises the therapeutic agent and an absorption enhancing agent either co-administered with the agent or administered separately, the therapeutic agent in a polymer matrix resulting in a microbead and including an edible oil resulting in an emulsion. The absorption enhancing agent is a cyclosporin in one embodiment. The absorption enhancing agent is a P glycoprotein inhibitor in another embodiment.

The invention provides active agents, such as paclitaxel, rapamycin, or 17-AAG, encapsulated by safe poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (“PEG-b-PLA”) micelles. The compositions provide effective solubilization of drug combinations, such as paclitaxel, rapamycin, and 17-AAG, as well as others described herein. A significant advantage of PEG-b-PLA as a carrier is that it is less toxic than Cremophor® EL or DMSO, which are used in currently known compositions. Additionally, PEG-b-PLA micelles are easier to handle than DMSO and they do not possess a foul odor, which is a problem with formulations currently in clinical trials. Accordingly, the invention provides stable and biocompatible drug formulations that improve bioavailabilty without causing toxicity. It was also found that larger doses of individual drugs in micelle formulations can be administered compared to non-micelle formulations.

The invention opened a preparing method of the cellulose fibre spinning stock solution. The solvent is the intermixture of the [BMIM]Cl and the [BMIM]BF4. The cellulose dissolves in the solvent after breaking up to get the uniform and transparent liquid. So it can save the energy, decrease the pollution and improve the quality of the stock solution.

An arrangement and a method for recirculation of exhaust gases of a combustion engine. A return line returns exhaust gases to the combustion engine. An EGR cooler device cools the exhaust gases before the gases are led to the combustion engine. A container gathers condensate which forms in the EGR cooler device. A line connects the container to a flow section for the exhaust gases in the EGR cooler device. A driver leads condensate from the container into the flow section for the exhaust gases in the EGR cooler device.

The present invention provides compositions, formulations and methods providing for the effective dissolution of inorganic fluorides in solvents via incorporation of a dissociating agent component. Dissociating agents of the present invention participate in chemical reactions in solution, such as complex formation, acid-base reactions, and adduct formation reactions, that result in enhancement in the dissolution of inorganic fluorides in a range of solvent environments. Dissociating agents comprising Lewis acids, Lewis bases, anion receptors, cation receptors or combinations thereof are provided that significantly increase the extent of dissolution of a range of inorganic fluorides, particularly inorganic fluorides, such as LiF, that are highly insoluble in many solvents in the absence of the dissociating agents of the present invention.

A process for extracting xylan from wooden fibre material features that under the catalysis of microwave, the alkali solution containing hydrogen peroxide in directly sued to treat raw material for performing extraction of xylane and bleaching it at same time. Its advantages are high speed, less consumption of alkali, and high extracting rate. The resultant xylan solution can be deposited in organic solvent or superfilted and dried to obtain light-color xylan product.

The present invention relates to a lateral flow assay and system, including a test strip, for detection and quantification of analytes in samples, such as samples containing cells and fluid, where the assay is volume independent, and the sample size is less than about 100 μl, where the test strip includes a first membrane such as a sample filter, that is in capillary contact with an optional second membrane, such as a fluid collector, the second membrane, if present is in capillary contact with an optional third membrane, such as a conjugate pad containing a mobilizable detectable agent, or with a fourth membrane, which is a chromatographic strip, which optionally contains a mobilizable detectable agent, all such membranes being in fluid contact with a fifth membrane, such as a buffer pad, a sixth membrane, such as an absorbent pad, optionally a seventh membrane, which is also an absorbent pad, a capture band for capturing the analyte and at least one control band, or alternatively, the chromatographic strip contains the mobilizable detectable agent in place of a conjugate pad, where the test strip is configured to support removal of red blood cells from the sample and to allow uni-directional or bi-directional fluid flow of fluid from the sample filter to the capture band to be retained therein and detected thereon.

The invention relates to a Ni-based alloy oil sleeve for a high-acidity deep well, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.02 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, 40 to 60 percent of Ni, 20 to 30 percent of Cr, 1 to 10 percent of Mo, 1 to 5 percent of W, 0 to 5 percent of Co, 0.1 to 3.0 percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of O, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In the invention, the thermal extrusion processing performance and corrosion resisting performance of the alloy are effectively ensured by controlling the contents of the Al and O. The 90 to 140 ksi steel-grade Ni-based alloy oil sleeve meeting different well depth requirements of high-acidity oil fields and gas fields is manufactured by thermal extrusion, 1,050-1,150 DEG C of solution treatment and cold rolling of the smelted and forged blanks.

The invention relates to a low-temperature electrolyte of a lithium iron phosphate battery. The low-temperature electrolyte includes the following solvents of, by volume, 30%-45% of carbonic ester solvent, 50%-65% of carboxylic ester solvent and 4%-10% of additive. The solvents contain solute lithium, the lithium is LiPF6 or a combination of the LiPF6 and LiBF4, and the concentration of the lithium is 0.8-1.4mol / L. The low-temperature electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, through optimization of kinds and proportioning combination of the solvents of the electrolyte, low-viscosity carbonic ester and low-melting-point carboxylic ester are selected and used, the freezing point at low temperature is lowered, and low-temperature conductivity is increased. According to the low-temperature electrolyte, the lithium of the electrolyte is optimized, the low-temperature additive is selected preferably, normal-temperature circulation ratio performance of the electrolyte is maintained, and meanwhile, the low-temperature capacity retention ratio of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the ratio performance of the lithium iron phosphate battery are improved. The commercial application requirements of the electrolyte can be met, the low-temperature performance of the electrolyte is improved particularly, and therefore the electrolyte is suitable for aerospace and plateau alpine environment.

A conductive elastomeric foam composite is presented, comprising an elastomer foam and polypyrrole, thiophene, or aniline and derivatives thereof. The foam is manufactured by first diffusing an oxidant into the dense polymer phase of a solvent-swollen foam and then diffusing pyrrole or pyrrole derivative vapor or solution into the dried foam, resulting in an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole at the oxidant site. Only about 5 wt % of conductive polymer is required for observing an insulator to conductor transition. The conductivity of the composite foam can be effectively controlled between 10-7 and 10-1 S / cm by varying either the amount of oxidant used and / or the copolymer composition.