The invention discloses a method for preparing lithium carbonate by extracting lithium salt from aluminum electrolytic high-lithium electrolyte waste, which specifically comprises the following stepsof S1, taking the aluminum electrolytic high-lithium electrolyte waste as a raw material to prepare a lithium sulfate solution; S2, filtering the lithium sulfate solution prepared in S1 to obtain filter residue and filter liquor, returning the obtained filter residue to an aluminum electrolytic cell to be used as aluminum electrolyte, and enabling the obtained filter liquor to be standby for lateruse; S3, performing impurity removal, lithium precipitation and secondary filtering to obtain crude lithium carbonate for later use; S4, washing and drying the crude lithium carbonate prepared in theS3 to obtain a lithium carbonate finished product. By taking the aluminum electrolytic high-lithium electrolyte waste as the main raw material to produce the lithium carbonate product, the more expensive and scarce lithionite is replaced, so that the dependence of the lithium-electric energy materials in China on the lithionite is reduced, and the production cost of lithium carbonate is greatly reduced; the obtained filter residue are returned to the electrolytic cell for use, the lithium concentration of the original electrolyte is reduced, the property of the electrolyte is optimized, and the energy is saved.