The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and especially relates to a low temperature lithium ion battery. The low temperature lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and an electrolyte; the positive active material of the positive plate is ternary material-doped lithium manganate, and the surface of the above ternary material is coated with a fast ion conductor; the negative active material of the negative plate is graphite or amorphous carbon-coated graphite; and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a solvent and an additive, the lithium salt is a mixture containing at least two of LiPF6, LiBOB, LiODFB, LiFSI, LiTFSI and LiPO2F2, and the solubility of the lithium salt is 1.0-1.5 mol/L. The comprehensive optimization of the material system of the positive plate, the negative plate and the electrolyte and the cell structure of the battery reduces the interface impedance of the battery at a low temperature, and improves the initial discharge voltage of the battery in an ultralow temperature environment, so the battery can normally work under -40 DEG C ultralow temperature and large rate conditions.