597 results about "Low impedance" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of electrical variable testing, in particular to a high-precision performance testing processing method and system for a low-impedance voltage transformer. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a controllable test excitation signal, and synchronously collecting a corresponding primary side voltage and a secondary side voltage of a mutual inductor; space electromagnetism elimination is carried out according to the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage of the mutual inductor, and frequency domain characteristic decomposition and signal instantaneous offset calculation are carried out at the same time, so that a mutual inductor signal characteristic matrix is constructed; acquiring environment parameters corresponding to the low-impedance voltage transformer; constructing a neural network model based on Bayesian optimization, and predicting and outputting a performance parameter set corresponding to frequency response and load characteristics; and comparing the performance parameter set with a preset standard threshold value, feeding back, generating a calibration compensation coefficient, testing and evaluating, and generating a high-precision performance test report corresponding to the low-impedance voltage transformer. According to the invention, high-precision performance testing of the low-impedance voltage transformer can be realized.

The invention discloses a broadband reflection-free filtering antenna which is provided with a stop-band energy absorption structure, a high-low impedance microstrip line and a yagi-like radiator which are connected in sequence. The yagi-like radiator is composed of a pair of dipole arms and two pairs of bilateral parallel parasitic patches. Wherein the stop-band energy absorption structure is composed of two microstrip line band-stop filters, two grounded chip resistors, a section of folded phase line and a section of input microstrip feeder line. The two microstrip band-stop filters are respectively connected with a grounded chip resistor, and the two microstrip band-stop filters are connected through a folding phase line. The antenna is high in structural compactness, and meanwhile, the integrated design of the filter and the antenna and the ultra-wide non-reflection bandwidth are realized.

The invention discloses a circuit board printing control method and system based on signal transmission loss. And obtaining a target differential transmission line parameter and a circuit board lamination parameter. And establishing an electromagnetic simulation model, and simulating insertion loss, return loss and impedance discontinuous point distribution. The line width, the line spacing and the interlayer hollowed-out area of the differential transmission line are dynamically adjusted through the reinforcement learning model, the proportion of the line width to the shielding layer spacing is limited by a preset critical value, and the line spacing is configured based on the multiple relation of the shielding layer spacing. And a sectional optimization strategy is adopted for the corners of the transmission line. The ratio of the aperture to the diameter of the anti-pad is optimized, and impedance mutation is reduced. According to the method, the key parameters of the target differential transmission line and the circuit board lamination parameters are acquired, and the electromagnetic simulation model is combined with the multi-physical field coupling algorithm, so that the insertion loss, the return loss and the impedance discontinuous point distribution can be accurately simulated. The method improves the adjustment efficiency, guarantees the accuracy of an adjustment result, and effectively reduces the signal transmission loss.

An acoustic matching structure is used to increase the power radiated from a transducing element with a higher impedance into a surrounding acoustic medium with a lower acoustic impedance. The acoustic matching structure consists of a thin, substantially planar cavity bounded by a two end walls and a side wall. The end walls of the cavity are formed by a blocking plate wall and a transducing element wall separated by a short distance (less than one quarter of the wavelength of acoustic waves in the surrounding medium at the operating frequency). The end walls and side wall bound a cavity with diameter approximately equal to half of the wavelength of acoustic waves in the surrounding medium. In operation, a transducing element generates acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity. The transducing element may be an actuator which generates motion of an end wall in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the cavity to excite acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity, and the cavity geometry and resonant amplification increase the amplitude of the resulting pressure oscillation. The cavity side wall or end walls contain at least one aperture positioned away from the center of the cavity to allow pressure waves to propagate into the surrounding acoustic medium.

The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency integrated circuits, in particular to a harmonic suppression power amplifier combining a matching network and a feed network, which comprises a transistor, an input matching module, an output matching module, a stabilizing module and a bias module, the input matching module comprises a first parallel resonance unit, the first parallel resonance unit is used for second harmonic suppression, the output matching module comprises a series resonance unit and a second parallel resonance unit, the series resonance unit is used for resonating at a second harmonic frequency and performing low-impedance grounding on the second harmonic, and the second parallel resonance unit is used for resonating at a second harmonic frequency and performing low-impedance grounding on the second harmonic. The second parallel resonance unit is used for resonating at a third harmonic frequency and forms a high-impedance open circuit for the third harmonic, the output matching module is coupled to a drain electrode of the transistor, and the bias module comprises a grid bias sub-module and a drain bias sub-module. The grid bias sub-module is coupled to a connection node of the input matching module and the grid of the transistor, the drain bias sub-module is coupled to the output matching module, and the bias voltage of the transistor is jointly determined by the grid bias sub-module and the drain bias sub-module. The power amplifier has the effect of improving the efficiency level of the power amplifier while realizing harmonic suppression optimization.

The invention discloses a low-porosity and low-impedance dry positive electrode of a solid-state battery and a preparation method of the low-porosity and low-impedance dry positive electrode. The dry positive electrode of the solid-state battery comprises a large-particle positive electrode active material, a small-particle positive electrode active material, a first conductive agent, a second conductive agent, a third conductive agent, a small-size sulfide solid electrolyte, a large-size sulfide solid electrolyte and a binder. All the components are mixed in a manner of size matching and step-by-step embedding. Size matching among multi-stage particles is introduced, so that the size of gaps among different components is reduced, and the porosity is reduced; the binding agent and part of the conductive agent are premixed to form a'binding-conductive double network ', and then the active material and the electrolyte are gradually embedded, so that the purpose of low impedance of the composite positive electrode is achieved. And finally, the rate capability and the cycling stability of the solid-state battery are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of microelectronics, semiconductors and communication, and discloses a radio frequency switch chip, and the circuit structure of the radio frequency switch chip comprises a transformer type differential inductor T-L1, a transformer type differential inductor T-L2, a capacitor C1, an NMOS transistor M1, an NMOS transistor M2, a gate resistor RG1, and a gate resistor RG2. The radio frequency switch chip provided by the invention adopts a differential structure, so that the parasitic inductance effect of a grounding key and a wire during packaging and testing can be eliminated, and the insertion loss and the isolation performance are improved; compared with a single-end port, the lower impedance of the differential port is more beneficial to improving the power capacity of the switch; the differential structure allows the transformer type differential inductor to use differential signal characteristics, the equivalent quality factor of the inductor is improved, and the circuit performance is improved; the differential structure can improve the linearity of the circuit, especially the second-order intermodulation effect; the differential structure can be compatible with a modern silicon-based CMOS radio frequency system, and an additional balun is not needed for signal conversion.

The utility model relates to a power supply device and a testing machine, the power supply device comprises a main loop, a voltage loop, a current loop and a clamping circuit, in a pressurization mode, when a detection current output by the clamping circuit at the current loop is in a set current clamping range, the output impedance is high resistance; and when the detection current output by the current loop is not in a set current clamping range, the clamping circuit triggers the clamping current to carry out analog output, and the output impedance is switched to low resistance, so that the output of the main loop is equivalent to a constant current source. In the current adding mode, when the detection voltage output by the clamping circuit at the voltage loop is within a set voltage clamping range, the output impedance is high resistance; and when the detection voltage output by the voltage loop is not in a set voltage clamping range, the clamping circuit triggers the clamping voltage to perform analog output, and the output impedance is switched to low resistance, so that the output of the main loop is equivalent to a constant voltage source. The simulation regulation function is achieved, and the response speed is high.

The invention provides an intelligent lightning arrester for a line. The intelligent lightning arrester comprises a lightning arrester body and an intelligent control box, the lightning arrester body is used for providing a low-impedance grounding channel for overcurrent when overvoltage caused by lightning or switching operation occurs on a line, so that the overvoltage is limited below a safety level, subsequent electrical equipment is protected from being damaged, the lightning arrester body recovers to an insulation state after the overvoltage disappears, and normal operation of a power system is guaranteed. The intelligent control box comprises an embedded intelligent sensing module and a diagnosis module, and the embedded intelligent sensing module is used for collecting operation state parameters of the lightning arrester body in real time; and the diagnosis module is used for evaluating the insulation state of the lightning arrester body by adopting a partial discharge mode recognition model according to the operation state parameters of the lightning arrester body, and predicting the aging trend of a valve plate unit of the lightning arrester body by adopting a valve plate aging trend prediction model. The lightning arrester disclosed by the invention has the dual advantages of compact structure and high-performance protection.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrical variable evaluation, in particular to a low-impedance voltage transformer evaluation method based on instant data adaptive driving. The method comprises the following steps: generating a mutual inductor instant data set by collecting a mutual inductor primary side electrical signal and a mutual inductor secondary side electrical signal corresponding to a low-impedance voltage mutual inductor in real time and synchronously collecting corresponding temperature and humidity data and vibration data; performing dynamic quality evaluation screening and variational modal feature extraction on the real-time data set of the mutual inductor to obtain a dynamic feature vector of the mutual inductor; constructing a mutual inductor self-adaptive evaluation model based on the mutual inductor dynamic feature vector, and evaluating and generating mutual inductor real-time evaluation state data; and obtaining historical fault sample data corresponding to the low-impedance voltage transformer and carrying out real-time comparison fault early warning to generate a real-time state fault early warning signal corresponding to the low-impedance voltage transformer. The evaluation efficiency of the operation state of the low-impedance voltage transformer can be improved.

The invention provides a two-stage current intensity adjusting method for an eye therapeutic apparatus, and the method comprises the steps: extracting the impedance effect intensity of a current at a macular center through recognizing the thickness of an impedance barrier layer corresponding to the current limiting degree of a high-impedance region, and combining with the actual penetration thickness, and obtaining the current penetration depth reduction proportion of the current penetration depth at the macular center; the current intensity imbalance degree of the coarse adjustment basic current intensity in the transition subarea is evaluated, and by obtaining the current intensity increase and decrease multiple of the fine adjustment compensation current intensity, the gradient difference between high impedance limitation and low impedance permeation is integrated, and the current intensity is compensated to balance the current intensity imbalance degree of the transition subarea; and updating the current output power level of each partition according to the fine adjustment compensation current intensity, and feeding back the current output power level to a therapeutic instrument circuit in real time to obtain uniform therapeutic intensity distribution so as to be matched with the decreasing proportion of impedance of impedance gradient distribution from high to low.

The invention relates to a coaxial line transformer-based power synthesis circuit and synthesizer, which comprises an impedance reducing sub-circuit and an impedance increasing conversion sub-circuit, and is characterized in that the output end of the impedance reducing sub-circuit is connected with the input end of the impedance increasing conversion sub-circuit; the input end of the impedance reducing sub-circuit is constructed as the input end of the power synthesis circuit, and the output end of the impedance increasing conversion sub-circuit is constructed as the output end of the power synthesis circuit; the impedance reducing sub-circuit and the impedance increasing conversion sub-circuit comprise coaxial line magnet ring transformers, coaxial lines penetrate through magnet rings to form the coaxial line magnet ring transformers, inner conductors of the coaxial lines serve as primary coils of the transformers, and outer conductors of the coaxial lines serve as secondary coils of the transformers. The impedance reduction sub-circuit is used for performing power synthesis and impedance reduction through the turn ratio of the coaxial line magnet ring transformer, and the impedance rising conversion sub-circuit is used for impedance matching and power transmission optimization so as to convert a medium-low impedance value back to a standard impedance value required by a load and ensure that the maximum power is transmitted to the load.

The invention provides a leakage current detection circuit and detection equipment, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductor testing, and the leakage current detection circuit comprises a pulse output circuit, a power supply circuit, a detection circuit and a protection circuit. Wherein the output end of the pulse output circuit is used for connecting the control end of a to-be-tested power semiconductor, the first voltage end of the power supply circuit is used for connecting the first controlled end of the to-be-tested power semiconductor, and the second voltage end of the power supply circuit is connected with the first end of the detection circuit; the second end of the detection circuit is used for connecting a second controlled end of the to-be-detected power semiconductor, the first end of the protection circuit is connected with the first end of the detection circuit, and the second end of the protection circuit is connected with the second end of the detection circuit. According to the embodiment of the invention, the protection circuit provides a low-impedance path for the current peak generated by the high-speed switch of the power semiconductor to be tested, so that the dynamic change data of the leakage current can be accurately and completely obtained during the dynamic reverse bias stress test.

The invention belongs to the field of power device driving, particularly relates to the technical field of crosstalk suppression, and more particularly relates to a crosstalk suppression driving circuit. Through cooperative work of the driving module, the detection module, the buffering module and the clamping module, crosstalk is effectively suppressed while the switching speed is ensured. The driving module ensures normal switching action of the power device; the detection module converts the drain voltage change rate into a detection signal in real time, and recognizes the crosstalk risk in advance; the buffer module suppresses forward crosstalk by absorbing grid forward voltage spikes; the clamping module immediately conducts a low-impedance path from the grid electrode to the negative power supply when the detection signal exceeds a threshold value, and negative crosstalk is quickly eliminated. According to the design, the suppression circuit is only activated when the voltage change rate exceeds the standard, switching delay caused by a traditional fixed buffer circuit is avoided, accurate and rapid crosstalk suppression can be achieved, and finally the suppression effect and the system reliability are remarkably improved while the high-speed switching performance is maintained.

Common mode voltage discharge shields are disposed over end turns of stator windings for a three phase electric traction motor within an electric vehicle. The common mode voltage discharge shields are capacitively coupled to the end turns to a ground strap, providing a low impedance path for common mode voltages accumulating at a neutral for electric traction motor as a result of high frequency switching of the motor drive voltage to produce desired torque. An insulating layer separates the common mode voltage discharge shields from the end turns. Accumulation of the common mode voltage in excess of a bearing breakdown voltage, and the associated potential for discharge through bearings between the stator and rotor and electrical discharge machining, is reduced or eliminated.

An apparatus for providing signals to a device may include one or more radiofrequency signal generators, and electrically-small transmission line, which couples signals from the one or more RF signal generators to the fabrication chamber. The apparatus may additionally include a reactive circuit to transform impedance of the electrically-small transmission line from a region of relatively high impedance-sensitivity to region of relatively low impedance-sensitivity.

The utility model relates to an H-bridge driving circuit with a discharge branch and a chip, and belongs to the field of motor driving. The driving circuit comprises a driving chip module, a switch control module and a switch misconduction protection module. The switch control module is composed of a triode and MOS tube combined control circuit, it is ensured that grid charges can be rapidly discharged when the IGBT is turned off, and misconduction is prevented. The misconduction protection module enhances the charge discharge capability by providing a low-impedance path, ensures the accurate turn-off of the IGBT, and avoids the influence of surge voltage. The circuit realizes reliability and quick response performance in forward and reverse control and high-frequency switch application of the motor, and is suitable for direct-current motor control, stepping motor control, direct-current-alternating-current converters, direct-current-direct-current converters and other power electronic devices. Through the design, the stability and the safety of the motor control system are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a GaN HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) driving method for quantitative suppression of false triggering oscillation. The method comprises the following steps: calculating turn-off transient process time; establishing a false triggering oscillation equivalent circuit model, deducing an oscillation system characteristic equation, performing root locus analysis on the oscillation system characteristic equation, and delimiting a design range of RC parameters with the best oscillation suppression effect; detecting a turn-off signal of the GaN HEMT through a detection circuit, and outputting a trigger signal of which the length is equal to turn-off transient process time; a trigger signal is input into the driving circuit to form a low-impedance grid branch, so that the turn-off process of the GaN HEMT is accelerated; and in response to completion of turn-off of the GaN HEMT, the trigger signal is controlled to drop to a low level, an RC buffer circuit is formed, and false trigger oscillation after the device is turned off is quantitatively suppressed. According to the invention, acceleration of the turn-off process of the GaN HEMT is realized, false trigger oscillation is quantitatively suppressed, the turn-off speed of the device is not influenced, and the gate impedance is reduced in the turn-off process of the device.

The invention discloses a battery positive electrode with low impedance and high liquid absorption performance and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slurry pretreatment is matched with coating parameters, the viscosity of the slurry is adjusted to 4000-6000 mPa.s, and the coating speed and the viscosity meet the relation V = K / eta; preheating and homogenizing, wherein infrared radiation heating and hot air circulation are adopted; step-by-step gradient drying, including high-temperature rapid drying, medium-temperature drying and low-temperature stable drying; annealing treatment; and plasma surface modification. Compared with the prior art, by scientifically matching coating parameters, accurately controlling the drying process and optimizing the surface characteristics, the prepared positive electrode has the advantages that the crack length density is smaller than or equal to 0.15%, the interface impedance is smaller than or equal to 10 omega.cm, the electrolyte contact angle is smaller than or equal to 15 degrees, and the positive electrode has the advantages of low impedance and high liquid absorption performance, so that the cycle life of the battery is effectively prolonged.

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a network construction type energy storage power balance control method and system based on a hierarchical collaboration strategy. According to the invention, a three-level layered cooperative control architecture including a bottom unit control layer, a middle region coordination layer and a top system optimization layer is introduced, and the bottom unit control layer establishes a quick-response unit-level local control mechanism by collecting power output deviation and voltage fluctuation of an energy storage unit in real time; the middle region coordination layer carries out coordination correction on power instructions among a plurality of energy storage units on the basis of comprehensively considering a line impedance difference coefficient and a region load change rate, and the top system optimization layer carries out global optimization decision by combining a system total power demand, an energy storage residual capacity difference and a power grid frequency deviation. Therefore, dynamic power distribution and voltage stability control among the energy storage units can be realized under different operation conditions, and the problem of failure of traditional droop control under the condition of low impedance difference is remarkably improved.

A Quantum Transceiver Antenna (QTA) is described which is a scalable, thin-film, bi-synchronous, multifrequency resonance antenna, made up of a layered matrix of antenna pixels of uniform size and shape, with voids and nulls in its pattern. On the QTA, electromagnetic signals gain coherence as toroidal geometries, that function as tunable, electromagnetic lenses, to simultaneously resolve and concentrate gain in the full spectrum of radio frequency signals. QTA transceives both particles and waves, and operates using quantum principles, including quantum tunneling whereby solid materials appear invisible, enabling non-line of sight communications, imaging, detection, Q-Tricity, immunity to multipath interference, and ground planes. One QTA replaces disparate antennas in a cell phone / electronic device and operates wirelessly with space-based platforms and terrestrial networks, plug and play, with low impedance, less power, at magnitudes of gain only possible using quantum principles. QTA is frequency dynamic providing mesh networks, IOT, Edge, AI connectivity, and emergency response interoperability solutions.

The invention discloses an impedance matching plate, an impedance matching system and an impedance matching method, and relates to the technical field of electronic engineering, the impedance matching plate comprises a control module and a series resistance module, the series resistance module comprises a plurality of resistor gating modules connected in series and a first switching device, the resistor gating modules are respectively arranged on different target resistor units, and the first switching device is connected with the control module. Each resistor gating module comprises resistors with different resistance values and a second switching device which are connected in parallel, and the control module receives a resistance value adjusting instruction containing a target resistance value and generates a control signal according to a resistance value setting field in the resistance value adjusting instruction; the series resistance module conducts the target resistance gating module connected with the first switching device corresponding to the target resistance unit according to the control signal, and conducts the resistor corresponding to the second switching device in the target resistance gating module to generate a target resistance value, so that the problems that the large-range resistance adjustment cannot be realized and the impedance matching efficiency is low can be solved; the technical effects of adjusting the resistance in a large range and improving the impedance matching efficiency are achieved.

A load driver includes an active clamping circuit coupled between gate and source terminals of a power stage. The active clamping circuit serves to either pass through a gate drive voltage (provided by a gate driver) to the power stage in a PWM mode or to actively clamp the voltage between gate and source terminals of the power stage to enable fast decay recirculation in fast decay mode (when the load driver is configured for active clamping). A semi-active recirculation driver is coupled between ground and the output of the power stage. The semi-active recirculation driver serves to either provide a low impedance recirculation path in the PWM mode or to passively clamp the output voltage to provide for a fast decay recirculation path in fast decay mode (when the load driver is configured for passive clamping).

The invention provides a hybrid distribution transformer low-voltage turn-on overcurrent protection device and protection strategy combined with a current limiter, and the device comprises a hybrid distribution transformer which is composed of a power frequency electromagnetic part and a high-frequency power electronic part, and the power frequency electromagnetic part comprises a power transformer and a series transformer. The high-frequency power electronic part comprises converters which are connected back to back; the saturated iron core fault current limiter is integrated in a main loop of the hybrid distribution transformer, presents low impedance during normal operation, and is switched to a high impedance state through iron core desaturation to limit fault current during fault; the bypass switch module is connected to the input side of the high-frequency power electronic part, and when the fault current exceeds a set threshold value, the bypass switch module is conducted to bypass and isolate the high-frequency power electronic part within less than or equal to 1ms, and the continuous power supply of the power-frequency electromagnetic part is maintained; and the fault isolation device is configured at the two ends of the hybrid distribution transformer, and performs breaking operation in response to the current setting value and the low voltage setting value after current limiting so as to realize fault area isolation.

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater low-frequency sound insulation superstructures, and discloses a pressure-resistant underwater low-frequency sound insulation superstructure based on a TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitor System) and a design method thereof, a two-dimensional section cell is intercepted and obtained on a Gyandroid lattice cell model along a sound wave incidence direction, and the characteristic that the modulus in the sound wave incidence direction is reduced and is easy to deform is utilized, so that the sound insulation performance of the sound insulation superstructure is improved, and the sound insulation performance of the sound insulation superstructure is improved. Low impedance is realized; the internal structure distribution of the cells is changed through stretching, so that the cells have anisotropy, the modulus of the cells in the sound wave incidence direction is reduced, and the impedance is further reduced; by introducing a material main shaft deflection angle, quasi longitudinal waves and quasi transverse waves in the structure are excited, and the longitudinal waves incident in water are converted into transverse waves in the structure through longitudinal-transverse wave conversion, so that the sound insulation performance is improved; performing periodic array arrangement, intercepting to obtain a core layer configuration under a two-dimensional plane, and performing structure materialization to obtain a sound insulation layer; the two sides of the sound insulation layer are covered with cover plates, and the pressure-resistant underwater low-frequency sound insulation superstructure based on the TPMS is obtained.

The invention discloses a plasma forming apparatus and a plasma source system. The plasma forming device comprises a radio frequency power supply module, an impedance matching module, an acquisition control module and at least two distribution modules, the output end of the radio frequency power supply module is electrically connected with the input end of the impedance matching module; the input end of each distribution module is electrically connected with the output end of the impedance matching module; the distribution modules are positioned on one side of an insulating window in the plasma reaction chamber and are sequentially arranged along a first direction; the distribution module is used for coupling the radio frequency energy output by the radio frequency power supply module to a corresponding area of the plasma reaction chamber; and the acquisition control module is used for respectively acquiring the current signal in each distribution module, and independently adjusting the output power of the corresponding distribution module based on the acquired current signal of each distribution module. The plasma forming device and the plasma source system provided by the invention are low in cost, simple in impedance debugging and applicable to a large-area and high-uniformity plasma coating process.

Technologies for impedance matching networks for qubits are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, an impedance matching network matches a 50 Ohm transmission line to a spin qubit with a state-dependent resistance of 100 kiloohms to 105 kiloohms. The illustrative impedance matching network is tunable, allowing the impedance transformation ratio to be changed without significantly changing the matching frequency of the impedance matching network. In some embodiments, the impedance matching network matches a 50 Ohm transmission line to a lower-resistance state of a qubit. In other embodiments, the impedance matching network matches a 50 Ohm transmission line to an impedance value in between a lower-resistance state and a higher-resistance state of a qubit.

The invention discloses a system for simultaneously measuring residual voltage and discharge capacitance of an electric appliance plug. The system comprises a phase detection unit, a measurement control unit, an electronic disconnection unit and a multi-input impedance measurement unit. According to the system, a conventional residual voltage test is carried out once, plug discharge voltage curves at different moments can be obtained by using the high-impedance measurement unit and the low-impedance measurement unit, discharge time constants during high-impedance measurement and low-impedance measurement are respectively calculated through curve fitting, the optimal estimated values of discharge capacitance and discharge resistance are obtained, and the test accuracy is improved. And reversely calculating whether the action of the electronic circuit participates in the discharge process after the peak value is switched off, thereby achieving a primary electric appliance plug discharge test and obtaining three measurement parameters. Therefore, the system disclosed by the invention can be used for conformity judgment on whether the charged capacitor on the plug pin of the electrical product can cause the electric shock danger, and has the characteristics of accurate test, simple operation and the like.

The present disclosure relates to a signal hub incorporating a cooling system for managing heat dissipation in compact electronic devices. The cooling system addresses airflow impedance challenges as the hub's volume decreases, which can inhibit heat transfer and create hotspots. Impedance-reducing elements, such as a rounded top shell profile and flow depression, direct airflow efficiently across a top cooling plate. The antenna carrier contours to the top shell, supporting antennas electrically coupled to the top cooling plate for RF shielding and heat dissipation. A fan in the middle cooling plate creates a vacuum force, drawing air through an ambient air gap, while an exhaust fin directs airflow away from the bottom shell, preventing particle buildup. A BTB shield provides EMI protection and thermal management, and the bottom cooling plate enhances cooling efficiency, ensuring optimal performance and reliability in reduced volume settings.

A charge pump includes a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) configured to draw a first current and a second current from a first node and a second node, respectively, in accordance with a first logical signal, a second logical, and a B-bit control word; a common-gate amplifier configured to provide a path for charge transfer between the second node and a third node in accordance with a third logical signal; an integrating capacitor connected to the second node and configured to be either discharged by the DAC or charged by the common-gate amplifier in accordance with a fourth logical signal; and a low-impedance active load connected to the first node.