70 results about "Poynting vector" patented technology

Several methods are disclosed for the generation of coherent short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation through optical nonlinear frequency mixing means. The invention involves several stages of efficient nonlinear frequency conversion to shift the output of high-power infra-red fiber-lasers into the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). The described laser source architecture is designed around non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) sum-frequency mixing (SFM) interactions in the nonlinear crystal CLBO. The NCPM interaction is an optimum condition for bulk frequency conversion of cw radiation because it allows tight focusing of the input laser radiation without Poynting vector walk-off, thereby increasing the non-linear drive significantly. The sub-200-nm output wave is generated from SFM of a long-wave IR laser field and a short-wave UV laser field. The long-wave laser beam may be derived directly from a rare-earth-doped fiber laser, whereas the short-wavelength UV beam is provided as the fourth frequency harmonic of a second rare-earth-doped fiber laser system.

The invention discloses a rotator angular velocity measuring system based on vortex beams. The system is based on a Doppler frequency shift principle and direction characteristics of Poynting vectors of the vortex beams. The measuring vortex beams are input vertically along the rotation axis, incident light and reflected light are in the same path, an emission end and a reception end of a detection system shared the same point, and a measurement result of the angular velocity can be obtained rapidly and accurately. During use, it is only required to irradiate the measuring vortex beams emitted by the system vertically to the rotation surface along the rotation axis of a rotator, and the measuring result of the angular velocity can be directly read. The system of the invention is simple in structure and easy to operate, and has great progress compared with the prior art.

A method and apparatus is utilized to determine the bearing and / or location of sources, such as, alternating current (A.C.) generators and loads, power lines, transformers and / or radio-frequency (RF) transmitters, emitting electromagnetic-wave energy for which a Poynting-Vector can be defined. When both a source and field sensors (electric and magnetic) are static, a bearing to the electromagnetic source can be obtained. If a single set of electric (E) and magnetic (B) sensors are in motion, multiple measurements permit location of the source. The method can be extended to networks of sensors allowing determination of the location of both stationary and moving sources. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

The invention mainly relates to a design method for enhancing seismic waves to stimulate illumination in a complex structure region. The design method comprises the following steps that (1) exploration area data are collected, a geological model of the complex structure region is established, and a geological target is determined; (2) an artificial seismic source is arranged at the target position, and illumination simulation is conducted through a wave equation forward modeling method; (3) statistics of illumination energy, upwards spread to the ground surface, of the seismic waves is conducted when illumination simulation is conducted; (4) an optimal encryption shot region on the ground surface is determined according to the statistical result of the illumination energy on the ground surface; (5) the main direction of emergence, on the ground surface, of the seismic waves stimulated by a target seismic source is calculated through a poynting vector, and the spread direction of a seismic wave beam stimulated by a phase-controlled seismic source is determined; (6) combined stimulation parameters of the phase-controlled seismic source are designed on the basis of a phase-controlled theory and the theoretical signal-to-noise ratio maximization principle of combined seismic sources; (7) a construction scheme for enhancing the illumination energy provided by the seismic waves for the target on the ground surface in the complex structure region is determined. The design method is good in application effect and can reduce the collection cost.

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for determining a poynting vector of a seismic wave field and a computer storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an underground shot point forward-propagation wave field and a detection point back-propagation wave field; determining a medium type of the forward-propagation wave field and the back-propagation wave field; when the media are isotropic media, performing vertical-horizontal wave field separation on the forward-propagation wave field and the back-propagation wave field according to a preset equation decoupling algorithm, and when the media are heterogeneous anisotropic media, performing longitudinal-horizontal wave field separation on the forward-propagation wave field and / or back-propagation wave field according to a preset variation function IDW interpolation algorithm; decomposing a separated longitudinal-wave wave field and / or a transverse-wave wave field in a top direction, a bottom direction, a left direction and a right direction, and obtaining multiple directional-wave wave fields; and selecting multiple directional-wave wave fields from the multiple directional-wave wave fields, and calculating the poynting vector of the multiple directional-wave wave fields. By adopting the method, the poynting vector of each decomposed directional wave field can be calculated, so that more accurate angle-domain imaging gather can be obtained, and the imaging quality can be improved.

An apparatus for generating plasma, including a quadrupole antenna having a center region and an outer region and configured to be disposed over a dielectric window of a plasma chamber. The quadrupole antenna including a first coil defining a first SDA and a second coil defining a second SDA, the first coil being in a nested arrangement within the second coil. The nested arrangement places a turn of the first coil to be adjacent to a corresponding turn of the second coil as the first and second coils spiral from the center region to the outer region of the quadrupole antenna. Adjacent turns of each of the first and second coils are horizontally separated from one another by a distance when disposed over the dielectric window.

The invention relates to a method for the material removal to a predetermined removal depth from a workpiece by means of a laser beam consisting of one or more sub-beams, each of the latter having a defined beam axis. The axis of the laser beam or the individual axes of the sub-beams are guided along a removal line at a predetermined travelling speed and the laser beam has a predetermined spatialenergy flow density that defines a Poynting vector S with a value Iof(x) and a direction s, the spatial energy flow density creating a removal face with an apex formed by the leading part of the removal face in the removal direction and said face creating a removal edge. The method is characterised in that the respective incident angles alpha of the removal face, formed by the normal vectors n atthe removal face and the directions s of the Poynting vectors are set in such a way that they do not exceed a maximum value alphamax in a predefined region around the apex of the removal face. If themaximum value is exceeded, this is detected in the change from a small groove amplitude in an upper part of the removal edge to a large groove amplitude in a lower part of the removal edge. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method.

A method and apparatus is utilized to determine the bearing and / or location of sources, such as, alternating current (A.C.) generators and loads, power lines, transformers and / or radio-frequency (RF) transmitters, emitting electromagnetic-wave energy for which a Poynting-Vector can be defined. When both a source and field sensors (electric and magnetic) are static, a bearing to the electromagnetic source can be obtained. If a single set of electric (E) and magnetic (B) sensors are in motion, multiple measurements permit location of the source. The method can be extended to networks of sensors allowing determination of the location of both stationary and moving sources.

A nonlinear optical conversion device includes a nonlinear crystal having entrance and exit surfaces allowing input and output laser beams to propagate in the phase-matching plane for a desired nonlinear generation process. The nonlinear generation process involves a nonlinear interaction in the nonlinear crystal and resultant conversion of power in one or two input beams into power in the output beam. The nonlinear crystal is characterized by absorption and resultant modification of the crystal properties by the power in the output beam, the modification with the potential for reducing the efficiency of the nonlinear process in the crystal, and the nonlinear process involving critical phase-matching in the nonlinear crystal in which the powers in the output beam and input beam or beams propagate in different directions through the process of Poynting vector walk-off. The input beam or beams are of a sufficiently small beam dimension in the phase-matching plane.

An apparatus for generating plasma, including a quadrupole antenna having a center region and an outer region and configured to be disposed over a dielectric window of a plasma chamber. The quadrupole antenna including a first coil defining a first SDA and a second coil defining a second SDA, the first coil being in a nested arrangement within the second coil. The nested arrangement places a turn of the first coil to be adjacent to a corresponding turn of the second coil as the first and second coils spiral from the center region to the outer region of the quadrupole antenna. Adjacent turns of each of the first and second coils are horizontally separated from one another by a distance when disposed over the dielectric window.

The invention discloses an infrared absorber based on a dielectric microcolumn array and a preparation method thereof. The infrared absorber includes a dielectric microcolumn array, a dielectric layer, and a metal layer, the dielectric microcolumn array is used to screen the wavelength of the incident light, the dielectric layer is used to enable the screened incident light to generate the electromagnetic wave, and the metal layer is used to convert the electromagnetic wave into the thermal energy for absorption. The infrared absorber has the advantages of high quality factor and narrow absorption peak width. When the column height is 630nm-1210nm, the column diameter is 809nm-1980nm, the center distance of the two adjacent columns is 1300nm-3600nm, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1030nm-2310nm, the Poynting vector of the dielectric microcolumn array surface is zero, and the absorption peak wavelength is independent of the incident angle within a certain range, the absorber quality factor can be higher than 100, and a narrow absorption peak bandwidth can be realized.

A method of implementing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) for radio communications in general and LTE in particular. Common prior art so far recreate the vorticity (axial rotation of the Poynting vector) by using ring-shaped antenna arrays. This application proposes to create the vorticity in signal processing without the need of any space diversity (i.e. work with a single antenna). An Hilbert transform is applied in frequency domain to the Fourier transform of the analytical representation of a band-limited OFDM signal. The Hilbert transform is then approximated by a development in series into orthogonal twisted modes. This can be seen as an inverse Fourier transform of the complex analytical signal. Therefore an OAM IFFT based transmitter is proposed where parallel IFFTs are performed for each OAM mode and superimposed.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic vector array based angle estimation method for metric-wave radar. The method is realized through adopting the following steps: (1), receiving radar return through adopting the electromagnetic vector array, and mixing the radar return to a base band for discrete sampling; (2), building a second-order statistical matrix through data obtained from the discrete sampling; (3), performing singular value resolving for the second-order statistical matrix, so as to obtain a left signal characteristic matrix; (4), building a pencil of matrix through utilizing the left signal characteristic matrix; (5), performing extended-feature value resolving for the pencil of matrix, so as to obtain an extended-feature vector matrix, an extended-feature value matrix and an extended-feature value, and calculating a poynting vector of a radar return signal through adopting the parameters; and (6), calculating a two-dimensional angle of an object as per the obtained extended-feature value and the poynting vector of the radar return signal. Under the circumstance that the one-dimensional linear array is adopted, the method can be used for estimating the two-dimensional angle, has the array element spacing larger than the half wavelength, has small computation, facilitates engineering realization, and can be used for the estimation of the two-dimensional angle of the object through the metric-wave radar.

Improved electric field (steered-electron electric-field, or SEEF) sensors and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The SEEF sensors described herein may have increased sensitivity to low-frequency electric fields while being smaller than previously known sensors, and may allow for low-power electric field detection. The invention described herein allows for sensitive, long-term electric field monitoring for applications ranging from personnel detection to underground facility monitoring, as well as extraordinarily small vector sensing (full Poynting vector) for compact direction-finding of emitters of interest. Exemplary electric field sensors may accurately sense, measure, characterize and / or transmit electric field data over a wide frequency range. Importantly, such sensing, measuring, and / or characterizing do not require any physical or resistive contact between the sensor and a source of an electric field.

The invention discloses a method and a device for decomposing the directional wave of an elastic wave field, and a computer storage medium. The method includes the following steps: expanding the time complex domain of an input wave field based on Hilbert transform to get a time complex domain expanded wave field; carrying out elastic wave numerical simulation on the time complex domain expanded wave field; based on an IDW interpolation algorithm of a preset variation function, decoupling and separating the longitudinal and transverse waves of the time complex domain expanded wave field after elastic wave numerical simulation to get a longitudinal-wave time complex domain wave field and a transverse-wave time complex domain wave field; and based on space complex domain expansion of Hilbert transform, decomposing the directional waves of the longitudinal-wave time complex domain wave field and the transverse-wave time complex domain wave field in front, rear, left, right, upper and lower directions to get multiple direction wave fields. The directional wave of a 3D elastic wave field can be decomposed, and the computational efficiency can be improved. The Poynting vector can be calculated using the directional waves obtained from decomposition, and then, a more accurate angle domain imaging gather can be obtained. The imaging quality is improved.

The invention relates to a Poynting vector-based target near-field like-polarized scattering characteristic calibration method. The Poynting vector-based target near-field like-polarized scattering characteristic calibration method comprises the steps of S1, acquiring scattering total field characteristic of a metal ball under different distances by simulation calculation and by a MoM method; S2,acquiring incident field characteristic under different distances by simulation calculation and by the MoM method in the absence of metal ball; S3, acquiring characteristic of an emission field of themetal ball changing with the distances; S4, acquiring near-field scattering energy and incident field energy of the metal ball under different distances; S5, calibrating characteristic of near-fieldscattering RCS of the metal ball changing with the distances; and S6, introducing a large-number fitting method to obtain a near-field scattering RCS fitting formula of the metal ball under differentdistances. By accurate moment method and a Poynting vector theory, the near-field scattering characteristic of the metal ball target with different distance under planar wave excitation is acquired, and a foundation is provided for subsequent calibration of different detectors on target scattering RCS.

The present invention discloses systems and methods for electromagnetic field spacecraft propulsion. The system includes reaction thrust assemblies comprising conductor coils with alternating segments of magnetic field shield assemblies. Unshielded reaction thrust assembly segments are bracketed by field activation coils generating shaped magnetic fields. The action of the magnetic fields on currents in the unshielded coil segments of the reaction thrust assemblies produce unidirectional Lorentz Forces, thereby generating thrust without reaction mass, while reaction momentum is carried away by Poynting Vector fields in conformity with the currently understood principles of electrodynamics.

The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for electromagnetic spacecraft propulsion. The apparatus includes capacitor assemblies bracketed by electromagnetic solenoids configured in Helmholtz Coil geometries. The action of magnetic fields generated in the solenoids on segmented currents in conductive discharge elements during capacitor discharge produces unidirectional forces, while reaction momentum is carried away by Poynting Vector electromagnetic fields in conformity with the currently understood principles of electrodynamics.

A method for material removal to a predetermined removal depth from a workpiece employs a laser beam consisting of one or more sub-beams, each of the latter having a defined beam axis. The axis of the laser beam or the individual axes of the sub-beams are guided along a removal line at a predetermined travelling speed and the laser beam has a predetermined spatial energy flow density that defines a Poynting vector S with a value I0f (x) and a direction s, the spatial energy flow density creating a removal face with an apex formed by the leading part of the removal face in the removal direction and the face, creating a removal edge.

The invention provides a method for capturing and screening particle above a topological insulator substrate in a tunable manner through linearly-polarized planar optical wave, comprising the following steps: damaging the symmetric distribution of a Poynting vector around a particle, making the total Poynting vector on the particle not be zero, and producing a non-gradient optical force; and then, changing the direction and size of the total Poynting vector on the particle by changing the quantum state of a topological insulator substrate slab, further changing the direction and size of the non-gradient optical force applied by the total Poynting vector to the particle to adjust the motion trajectory of the particles in an incident light field, and then, capturing and screening nano-sized molecules attached to the surface of the particle in a tunable manner, wherein reversible quantum phase transition of the topological insulator substrate slab from topological non-mediocrity to topological mediocrity is realized by means of lighting, electrifying, heating, pressurizing, an additional magnetic field, and the like.

The present invention discloses systems and methods for electromagnetic field spacecraft propulsion. The system includes reaction thrust assemblies comprising conductor coils with alternating segments of magnetic field shield assemblies. Unshielded reaction thrust assembly segments are bracketed by field activation coils generating shaped magnetic fields. The action of the magnetic fields on currents in the unshielded coil segments of the reaction thrust assemblies produce unidirectional Lorentz Forces, thereby generating thrust without reaction mass, while reaction momentum is carried away by Poynting Vector fields in conformity with the currently understood principles of electrodynamics.

The invention provides a tunable capturing and screening method for particles on a graphene substrate by means of linear polarization planar optical wave. The particles are arranged on the flat plate of the graphene substrate so that symmetric distribution of Poynting vectors around the particles is damaged, the total Poynting vectors on the particles are enabled not to be zero, and non-gradient optical force is generated; then the direction and the size of the total Poynting vectors on the particles are changed by changing the Fermi level of the flat plate of the graphene substrate so that the direction and the size of non-gradient optical force of the total Poynting vectors applying to the particles can be changed, and the movement tracks of the particles in an incident optical field can be regulated and controlled. The Fermi level of the flat plate of the graphene substrate can be changed by modes of changing an external electric field, temperature, injection light intensity and thickness of graphene so that the dielectric coefficient and electrical conductivity of graphene can be changed.

A determination is made of frequency components associated with a particular bearing or location resulting from sources emitting electromagnetic-wave energy for which a Poynting-Vector can be defined. The broadband frequency components associated with a specific direction or location of interest are isolated from other components in the power spectrum that are not associated with the direction or location of interest. The collection of pointing vectors can be used to characterize the source.

The present invention discloses a pulsed electric field propulsion system for spacecraft. The system includes a capacitor stack comprising an array of supercapacitors. Solid-state electronic circuits generate high time-rate-of-change currents and pulsed electric fields in pulse coils. The pulse coils direct the electric fields onto separated electric charges stored in the capacitor stack. The resulting unidirectional Lorentz Forces thereby generate thrust without reaction mass. Reaction momentum is carried away by Poynting Vector fields in conformity with the currently understood principles of electrodynamics. The design is scalable down to micro-chip sized thrusters.

Method for efficient computation of wave equation migration angle gathers by using multiple imaging conditions. Common reflection angle or common azimuth gathers or gathers including both common reflection angles and common azimuth angles are produced as the data are migrated. In the course of either wave equation migration or reverse time migration, the pressures and particle motion velocities that need to be computed are sufficient to also compute the Poynting vector pointing in the direction of source-side (35) or receiver-side (37) wavefield propagation. From that, the reflection and azimuth angles can be computed (38). The seismic images can then be stored in the appropriate angle bins, from which common reflection angle or azimuth data volumes can be assembled (39).

The invention relates to a salt-cavern gas storage liquid level measuring system and method based on Poynting vector detection. The system comprises a central pipe, an electromagnetic signal transmitting device, electric field measuring devices, a magnetic field measuring device and a ground host. The central pipe is inserted into a salt-cavern gas storage from a wellhead; the electromagnetic signal transmitting device is arranged on the central pipe; the two electric field measuring devices are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the electromagnetic signal transmitting device; and the magnetic field measuring device is arranged below the lower electric field measuring device. The electromagnetic signal transmitting device excites an electric field and a magnetic field in a space, and the electric field measuring devices and the magnetic field measuring device measure the electric field and the magnetic field in the space. The ground host calculates the distance between the liquid level and the electromagnetic signal transmitting device through the measured electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity. The scheme can adapt to the severe environment in the gas storage, and the gas-liquid interface height in the gas storage can be accurately measured.

A determination is made of frequency components associated with a particular bearing or location resulting from sources emitting electromagnetic-wave energy for which a Poynting-Vector can be defined. The broadband frequency components associated with a specific direction or location of interest are isolated from other components in the power spectrum that are not associated with the direction or location of interest. The collection of pointing vectors can be used to characterize the source.

The invention relates to a correlation weighted reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation. The method belongs to the field of seismic migration imaging, and specifically comprises the following steps: in a reverse time migration imaging process, firstly realizing wave field separation of a seismic source wave field and a detection point wave field based on a Poynting vector, and obtaining upper left, lower left, upper right and right down waves of the seismic source wave field and the detection point wave field and corresponding 16 wave field separation imaging profiles; and then performing correlation processing on the 16 wave field separation imaging results and a reference profile (namely a conventional reverse time migration imaging result based on wave field separation); finally, by using the obtained correlation value as a weight to be respectively endowed with an imaging result of each wave field separation, completing the correlation weighted reverse time migration imaging based on the wave field separation. Model experiment results show that compared with a conventional reverse time migration method based on wave field separation, the method does not need to carry out manual selection and rejection on imaging results after wave field separation, and the imaging precision of reverse time migration can be remarkably improved.