242 results about "Short Waves" patented technology

The invention provides a short-wave infrared detector digital alloy material and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: growing a GaSb buffer layer on the surface of an n-type GaSb substrate; starting a first In furnace, and growing an InAs layer on the surface of the GaSb buffer layer in cooperation with an As beam; starting a second In furnace, and growing a quaternary solid solution layer matched with a GaSb buffer layer lattice on the surface of the InAs layer in cooperation with the Ga furnace and the AsSb beam; and alternately growing an InAs layer and a quaternary solid solution layer on the surface of the quaternary solid solution layer to generate a superlattice structure until the total thickness of the superlattice structure reaches a set target thickness, thereby obtaining the digital alloy material. According to the digital alloy material for the short-wave infrared detector and the preparation technology of the digital alloy material, the short-wave infrared detector can be expanded to the wave band ranging from 2.4 micrometers to 2.8 micrometers at the 50% cut-off wavelength.

The invention provides a short-wave multi-mode hollow-core anti-resonance optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of optical fibers, and the short-wave multi-mode hollow-core anti-resonance optical fiber comprises an outer sleeve and a plurality of anti-resonance units which are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the outer sleeve in an array manner; a central cavity enclosed by the plurality of anti-resonance units forms a fiber core area; the anti-resonance unit comprises at least three layers of anti-resonance tubes with different radiuses and two supporting rods arranged between two adjacent layers of anti-resonance tubes; wherein the two supporting rods in each layer are oppositely and obliquely arranged in pairs by taking the radial direction of the optical fiber as a symmetry axis, and the supporting rods on the same side are sequentially arranged along the same radius of the anti-resonance unit. Therefore, the waveguide filter has the advantages of being suitable for the 850 nm wave band, and being capable of supporting more high-order guided modes while giving consideration to low loss.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication and signal processing, in particular to a short-wave spectrum efficient sampling method and system based on compressed sensing, and the method comprises the steps: collecting full-band power spectrum density data through a low-speed scanning receiver; determining a strong interference frequency point set; generating a binary null observation sequence; loading the binary null observation sequence to an analog front-end frequency mixing circuit, performing analog domain orthogonal frequency mixing and integral processing on the input radio frequency signal, and outputting a voltage sampling value; resolving to obtain a signal sparse coefficient through a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm; calculating a reconstruction residual error according to the voltage sampling value and the signal sparse coefficient; in response to the condition that the reconstruction residual error is greater than a preset error threshold, triggering a reacquisition process of the power spectral density data; outputting a signal sparse coefficient in response to the condition that the reconstruction residual error is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold; according to the invention, the problems of limited dynamic range and weak signal submerging are solved, and the receiving sensitivity of weak signals in a strong interference environment is obviously improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic measurement, and discloses a software instrument system-based short-wave broadcast equipment power automatic calibration system, which comprises a main control unit, a signal excitation unit and a measurement feedback unit. According to the method, an iterative adjustment process is controlled through a main control unit; a measurement feedback unit measures the actual output power of a measured device; and the main control unit directly takes the power difference value as the adjustment amount of the excitation level according to the power difference value between the actual output power and the preset target power, adds the adjustment amount with the current excitation level to obtain the next excitation level, and controls the output of the signal excitation unit until the preset precision is met. According to the method, test link loss calibration is executed before iterative adjustment so as to compensate system errors, a calibration lookup table can be automatically generated after calibration is completed, the problems that a traditional calibration method is low in efficiency and insufficient in precision are solved through an adaptive adjustment strategy and system error compensation, and the calibration accuracy is improved. The method has the beneficial effects of high convergence speed, accurate calibration result and high automation degree.

The invention discloses an impedance matching feed adapter for a ship-borne short-wave antenna, and belongs to the technical field of short-wave antennas. The impedance matching feed adapter comprises a supporting assembly and an impedance matching assembly. The supporting assembly comprises a supporting base, an insulating shell, an insulating frame and an insulator, the supporting base is detachably connected with the insulating shell to form a cavity, the insulating frame is inserted into the cavity, and the insulator is inserted into the supporting base; the impedance matching assembly comprises a core column, an impedance matching coil and a feed connector, the core column is inserted into the insulator, the impedance matching coil is spirally wound on the periphery of the insulating frame, and the feed connector is inserted into the top of the insulating shell. The impedance matching feed adapter for the ship-borne short-wave antenna provided by the invention can integrate an insulating support function and an impedance matching function, can realize reliable insulating support between the short-wave antenna and a ship deck, and also can ensure that the short-wave antenna has good impedance matching in a working frequency band.

The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency amplification circuits, and particularly discloses a short-wave receiving amplification circuit capable of realizing cascade transmission and a short-wave communication system. According to the invention, direct current and interference in a previous-level signal are filtered through the filtering module, a pure radio frequency signal is obtained, and a foundation is laid for subsequent processing; the signal strength is improved through the amplification module, and single-stage transmission attenuation is overcome; the key point is that the balance gain module applies gain processing which is compensated for the loss characteristic of a transmission link to the amplified signal, so that the signal strength can be accurately matched with the actual loss of the line, and the problem that a fixed gain mode cannot adapt to the multi-stage series accumulated loss is solved. Compared with the prior art, the scheme realizes stable cascade transmission of short-wave signals through cooperative work of the modules, and remarkably improves the transmission distance and reliability of the system through dynamic compensation accumulated loss.

The embodiment of the invention provides a short-wave full-frequency staring-distributed cooperative frequency, channel and link measurement method. The method is applied to the field of short-wave measurement, and comprises the following steps: performing multi-phase filtering on a received broadband signal to obtain a multi-channel signal; determining signal power and noise power of the multi-channel signal, and determining frequency availability according to the signal power and the noise power; selecting an available frequency according to the frequency availability, measuring through a linear frequency modulation signal transmitted in a channel to obtain a channel characteristic parameter, and determining the channel availability according to the channel characteristic parameter; signals with different waveforms are transmitted in a specified link, link characteristics are obtained through measurement, and link availability is determined according to the link characteristics; the frequency availability, the channel availability and the link availability are subjected to statistical analysis to obtain a statistical analysis result, data support is provided for multi-link cooperative transmission strategy adjustment and link access decision, and the efficiency and reliability of short-wave communication are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of short-wave signal positioning, and discloses a short-wave positioning method based on a genetic algorithm, which comprises the following steps: acquiring continuous sampling data streams of broadband receivers of multiple receiving stations, and generating a multi-scale data segment sequence; extracting multi-scale time-frequency domain features, and analyzing instantaneous energy density distribution and a phase evolution trajectory; recognizing a burst signal based on spatial-temporal clustering of an energy peak value, and outputting a burst signal segment set; extracting a multi-scale time-frequency feature vector from the burst signal segment, and constructing a local manifold structure; mapping the burst signal features to a statistical manifold, and calculating an accurate time difference; solving a target position by adopting a genetic algorithm based on the manifold geometry; calculating an uncertainty propagation path on the manifold, and outputting a positioning confidence ellipse with geometric correction; the method effectively compensates for manifold incompleteness caused by sparsity of the burst signals, overcomes the defect that a traditional method cannot accurately establish a geometrical relationship between the signals, and solves the problem that the positioning precision of the burst signals is low.

The invention discloses a communication link automatic selection and concurrent transmission method under a helicopter limit condition, and relates to the technical field of aerospace. Comprising the following steps: firstly combing airborne communication link information, retaining four types of links including a satellite, an ultra-short wave, a short wave and a data transfer radio, and collecting parameters by means of a bus controller; filtering the data by using a Kalman filtering algorithm, and removing abnormal data through threshold verification; and finally outputting stabilized data. Determining a task scene and an environment scene based on the stabilization data in combination with airborne control screen task selection and environment sensor data; according to the technical key points, a fault precursor monitoring technology is adopted, a standby link pre-activation technology is combined, a seamless switching mechanism is matched, the defect that an existing system depends on manual switching is overcome, the automatic switching time of the link is shortened to be within 0.5 second, the communication interruption rate under the limiting condition is reduced to be lower than 5% from 30% or above, the real-time communication requirements of rescue, patrol and the like are met, and the real-time communication efficiency is improved. Good use prospects are realized.

1. Name of the product in this design: Shortwave Therapy Device. 2. Purpose of this design: Medical device for promoting tissue recovery and treating diseases. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: 3D view 1.

The present application relates to the technical field of channel prediction, in particular to a field strength prediction method and system based on short wave broadcasting, comprising the following steps: acquiring frequency sequence data, calculating jump rate, labeling predetermined jump characteristic frequency band, combining geographical and ionospheric elements to identify path height variation, extracting reflection angle and power change mapping deformation area, and superimposing directivity and strain intensity to predict field strength interval map. In the present application, by synchronously associating geographical space and ionospheric state elements on the basis of frequency sequence feature recognition, the trend of reflection path height variation is mapped through frequency jump behavior, field strength prediction value extraction and directivity attenuation superposition processing under spatial grid granularity are realized, multi-source correlated data is used as support to calibrate the field strength distribution interval of the prediction area, the adaptability and prediction resolution of field strength evaluation under non-static propagation conditions are enhanced, and a prediction framework with time-varying recognition, path feedback and power decrement linkage capability is constructed.

The present disclosure relates to a supercontinuum generation system, device and equipment, the supercontinuum generation system comprising: a femtosecond pulse generation module and a spectrum expansion module. The input end of the femtosecond pulse generation module is used to receive a femtosecond seed pulse, and the femtosecond pulse generation module is used to perform time domain shaping, amplification or reduction and compression on the femtosecond seed pulse to generate a femtosecond pulse. The spectrum expansion module comprises a first optical fiber segment, a second optical fiber segment and a self-reference interference unit. The first optical fiber segment is used to perform high-order soliton self-compression on the femtosecond pulse. The second optical fiber segment is used to broaden the spectrum of the femtosecond pulse under near-zero dispersion conditions to generate a first supercontinuum by frequency doubling. The self-reference interference unit is used to align the first long wave and the first short wave of the first supercontinuum in the time domain. After the first short wave is coaxial with the first long wave after frequency doubling, the self-reference interference unit outputs a target supercontinuum. Thus, the present disclosure realizes that the output supercontinuum has high flatness and high coherence.

This invention provides an automatic tuner for a loop antenna used in shortwave communication, belonging to the field of shortwave communication technology. This tuner aims to solve the problems of existing automatic tuners for loop antennas, such as difficulty in balancing versatility and high power performance, and poor high-voltage withstand capability. The tuner includes: a matching circuit, which includes couplers for shunting forward and reverse radio frequency signals; a tuning actuator, which includes an oil-immersed variable capacitor and a drive mechanism; and a main control circuit. Based on the signal shunted by the coupler, the main control circuit autonomously calculates the standing wave ratio (VSWR) and generates a control signal to control the matching circuit and tuning actuator independently of the radio transceiver, thus completing automatic tuning. This invention improves voltage withstand and power handling capability by using an oil-immersed variable capacitor, and achieves universal tuning through the autonomous control of the main control circuit, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies and offering the advantages of high power, high reliability, and strong versatility.

The application belongs to the field of OFDM channel estimation, and relates to a data-assisted short-wave OFDM sparse channel Turbo iteration estimation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, receiving a signal transmitted through a channel and processing the signal to obtain a receiving end symbol matrix Y; S2, performing channel estimation and equalization on Y to obtain an estimated channel and an OFDM signal pair, and performing Turbo iteration on the estimated channel and the OFDM signal pair to obtain a symbol variance; S3, selecting a virtual pilot in the signal according to the symbol variance; S4, performing channel estimation and equalization on Y according to the virtual pilot to obtain a current estimated channel and an OFDM signal; S5, performing Turbo iteration on the signal to obtain a current symbol variance; and S6, if a preset maximum iteration number is reached, obtaining a final estimated channel; otherwise, returning to step S3 to select a virtual pilot in the signal according to the symbol variance; and the application selects a virtual pilot in the signal according to the symbol variance, and uses the virtual pilot to perform estimation again, so that the spectral utilization rate is improved and the channel estimation performance is improved.

The application discloses a kind of real shortwave protocol sample data processing methods, comprising: obtaining real shortwave protocol sample data set;By anti-fading energy detection method, the burst signal in real shortwave protocol sample data set is sequentially intercepted, and burst signal set is formed;If it is judged that the burst signal is real sample, the center frequency of the real sample is obtained, and the real sample is converted into I / Q burst signal by frequency conversion according to the center frequency;The sampling rate of I / Q burst signal is obtained, and the corresponding low-pass filter is selected according to the sampling rate, and the I / Q burst signal is filtered out by low-pass filter to remove the out-of-band redundant information;The signal amplitude and signal phase between I and Q of I / Q burst signal are sequentially calculated, and the training data is formed according to the arrangement mode of amplitude and phase interleaving.It can solve the problem that the data specification of real shortwave communication protocol in the prior art is not standard, the data amount is not balanced, and the training difficulty is great.

This invention discloses a method for adjusting the active port, calculating the interruption probability, and calculating the interruption rate of shortwave communication based on a manifold antenna system in the field of wireless communication technology. The method includes: obtaining the architectural parameters of the target manifold antenna system, which include N ports uniformly distributed along a linear dimension W, each port sharing a common radio frequency link; calculating the instantaneous channel gain of each port; and selecting the port with the maximum instantaneous channel gain as the active port for shortwave communication. By introducing a manifold antenna, this invention achieves dynamic spatial adaptability within a limited area. Unlike traditional arrays with static elements, the FAS utilizes spatial diversity through real-time reconfiguration of antenna positions, eliminating the need for multiple radio frequency links. It also utilizes ionospheric reflection to establish beyond-line-of-sight connections. The FAS dynamically adjusts its active port to optimize reception from different refraction points, mitigating the inherent fading and signal attenuation of high-frequency skywave channels.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment insulating materials, and particularly relates to a short-wave sensitive type high-light-transmittance composite insulating material and a preparation method thereof. The short-wave sensitive high-transmittance composite insulating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-65% of epoxy resin, 30-40% of modified aluminum oxide filler, 2-5% of an interface enhancer and 3-5% of a curing agent, wherein the modified aluminum oxide filler is aluminum oxide particles of which the surfaces are coated with nanoscale magnesium fluoride coatings; the interface reinforcing agent is a compound of a silane coupling agent and polyvinyl alcohol.

The present application provides a method and an apparatus for measuring a relative position of a spacecraft based on GNSS difference. The method includes: acquiring a first long-wave observation combination and a second long-wave observation combination; performing a double-difference ambiguity of whole cycles search according to a pseudo-range double-difference linear equation and a carrier double-difference equation, and determining N first ambiguities of whole cycles to be detected of the first long-wave observation combination and M second ambiguities of whole cycles to be detected of the second long-wave observation combination; determining a first ambiguity of whole cycles and a second ambiguity of whole cycles that satisfy a preset ambiguity of whole cycles condition; and then determining a short-wave double-difference ambiguity of whole cycles to measure the relative position of the spacecraft.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power prediction method based on a stationary satellite neural network model, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power prediction, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining base station radiation historical observation data, satellite historical observation data and ground meteorological historical observation data, carrying out the space-time matching of all the obtained data, and obtaining a prediction result; performing fusion enhancement on the satellite historical observation data and the ground meteorological historical observation data to obtain enhanced fusion features; constructing an earth surface short wave radiation prediction model, taking the enhanced fusion features as input, and taking base station radiation historical observation data as target output for training; future satellite parameters are obtained and input into the trained earth surface short wave radiation prediction model, and a future earth surface short wave radiation value can be predicted; and based on the obtained future earth surface short wave radiation value, combining the position information of the photovoltaic power station to predict the output power of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the prediction of the output power of the photovoltaic module can be realized.

The preparation method of the narrow-band optical filter comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning the surface of a glass substrate; s2, putting the treated glass substrate into a tool clamp, and hanging the tool clamp into a cavity of a vacuum coating machine; s3, vacuumizing is carried out, the vacuum degree reaches 1.0 * 10 <-3 > Pa, and radio frequency ion source cleaning is carried out; s4, plating the first surface with a short-wave-pass film system; s5, after the first surface is plated with the short-wave pass film system, taking out the tool clamp and the glass substrate plated with the first surface after the cavity is cooled to 50-60 DEG C or below; s6, repeating the steps S1 to S3; s7, plating an antireflection film system on the second surface; and S8, after plating of the antireflection film system on the second surface is completed, the tool clamp and the glass substrate are taken out after the cavity is cooled to 50-60 DEG C or below. The transmittance of the prepared glass substrate together with the short-wave pass film system on the first surface and the antireflection film system on the second surface at a 0-degree test angle in a 530 + / -20 nm wave band (namely a narrow band) is more than 99.5% on average, and the transmittance cut off in 400-500 nm and 560-700 nm wave bands on the two sides of the narrow band is less than 0.3% on average.

The invention discloses a steep mountainous area forest height inversion method and device fused with rising and falling rail short wave InSAR data, and aims to solve the problems of insufficient observation information and steep mountainous area gradient decoherence during InSAR inversion, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining rising and falling rail short wave InSAR data and sparse LiDAR data, and carrying out the preprocessing; calculating the gradient by using a digital elevation model, and performing terrain effect correction on the effective vertical wave number; determining a lifting rail data overlapping region, and establishing a semi-empirical SINC model for a non-overlapping region to invert the forest height; constructing a double-baseline forest height inversion model considering coherent phase and amplitude at the same time for the overlapped region, determining an optimal model parameter by taking the sparse LiDAR forest height as control, and performing inversion on the forest height; and finally, inlaying forest heights of the overlapping region and the non-overlapping region to form a complete and continuous product. According to the method, high-precision forest height inversion of the steep mountainous area is realized by fusing the ascending and descending rail InSAR data, and the method has good stability and popularization value.

The invention discloses a short-wave ultraviolet low-loss ice micro-nano optical fiber waveguide structure and a preparation method thereof. Comprising a short-wave ultraviolet light source, a quartz single-mode optical fiber, an ice micro-nano optical fiber, an ice micro-nano optical fiber support and ice micro-nano optical fiber fixing glue, the short-wave ultraviolet light source is connected with one end of the quartz single-mode optical fiber, and the other end of the quartz single-mode optical fiber is directly connected with the input end of the ice micro-nano optical fiber in an end face coupling mode. And the ice micro-nano optical fiber is fixedly arranged on the tip of the ice micro-nano optical fiber support through the ice micro-nano optical fiber fixing glue, so that the ice micro-nano optical fiber is suspended. According to the invention, low-loss and high-efficiency transmission of short-wave ultraviolet light in the ice micro-nano optical fiber is realized by utilizing the characteristic of extremely low absorption of ice in the wave band and combining an end face direct coupling mode. The structure is high in coupling efficiency and low in transmission loss, and a new technical platform is provided for micro-nano scale transmission and integrated photon application of short-wave ultraviolet light.

The application discloses a kind of fusions ultrasonic wave, short wave low frequency band radio safety penetration device, comprising: ultrasonic wave radio signal transceiver link module, short wave / ultra-short wave radio signal transceiver link module and power module;The power module is respectively with the circuit connection between ultrasonic wave radio signal transceiver link module and short wave / ultra-short wave radio signal transceiver link module;The ultrasonic wave radio signal transceiver link module includes ultrasonic wave radio signal receiving link module and ultrasonic wave radio signal transmitting link module;The short wave / ultra-short wave radio signal transceiver link module includes short wave / ultra-short wave radio signal receiving link module and short wave / ultra-short wave radio signal transmitting link module.The application solves the deficiency of existing radio bottom layer safety depth scanning penetration tool.

The utility model relates to radio transmission technical field discloses a kind of ultrashort wave communication relay devices, including shell, the top of the shell is equipped with heat dissipation hole, the outside front side of the shell is provided with docking mechanism, the inside of the shell is provided with protection mechanism, the docking mechanism includes locating plate, the outside left and right sides of the locating plate are fixedly connected with block, the inside of the block is equipped with connecting assembly, the outside right side of the connecting assembly is fixedly connected with connecting end, the outside right side of the connecting end is fixedly connected with connecting block, the outside right side of the connecting block is fixedly connected with connecting line, the outside left side of the connecting line is fixedly connected with interphone.In the utility model, the locating plate can be moved by shell, so that the interphone is moved by connecting line, the use convenience and flexibility are improved, and the safety and reliability are also significantly enhanced.

The invention provides an artificial intelligence-based industrial boiler coking prediction method and system. The method comprises the steps of infrared thermal image time sequence acquisition, multi-spectral dynamic threshold segmentation, acoustic impedance feature extraction, multi-modal working condition fusion, space-time attention prediction modeling and adaptive threshold decision triggering. According to the method, the local threshold values are adaptively calculated on different spectral bands such as short waves, medium waves and long waves, response characteristics of all temperature zones can be considered, the false detection and missing detection risks caused by the fixed threshold values are remarkably reduced, and high-temperature hot spots are extracted more accurately and reliably; acoustic impedance characteristics obtained through calculation quantitatively reflect the structure and viscosity change of a coking layer by using attenuation and time delay information of sound waves in an ash layer, a direct and fine physical basis is provided for subsequent rheological property inference, and the defect that mechanical changes of materials are difficult to capture through pure temperature monitoring is effectively overcome.

This invention discloses a wide-band, large-area infrared imaging lens covering short-wave and mid-wave bands, comprising a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens arranged sequentially from the object plane to the image plane; the first lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power; the second lens is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power; the third lens is a plano-concave lens with negative refractive power; the fourth lens is a convex-concave lens with positive refractive power; the fifth lens is a convex-concave lens with negative refractive power; the sixth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power; and the seventh lens is a convex-plano lens with positive refractive power. This wide-band, large-area infrared imaging lens covering short-wave and mid-wave bands is suitable for the 1.5-5.5µm band, can be matched with high-resolution 1280x1024 (10µm) infrared detectors, has high optical throughput, can be used for imaging objects at greater distances, and has a compact structure.

This invention belongs to the field of edible fungus harvesting control, and particularly relates to an edible fungus detection system based on short-wave infrared multi-band fusion. The system includes an acquisition module, a detection module, and a response module. The acquisition module simultaneously acquires images of edible fungi, infrared multi-band data, and environmental sensor data. The detection module processes the data using a multimodal recognition model, extracting key indicators such as chitin content, moisture content, mold metabolites, and surface texture through parallel feature extraction, and then integrates and outputs mold probability, maturity level, and adaptive capture parameters. The response module executes early warning or precise capture based on these parameters. This invention, through multimodal fusion and anti-interference design, achieves non-destructive, rapid, and accurate detection of the internal quality of edible fungi, improving the level of harvesting automation.

The invention provides an ionosphere parameter inversion method and device, and belongs to the technical field of short-wave communication, and the method comprises the steps: enabling the actually-measured amplitude and phase difference to be mapped into a low-order wave mode excitation amplitude and a complex feature value through the synchronous receiving of the same very-low-frequency transmitting station signal at different transmitting and receiving distances on the ground; and then fast convergence solution is carried out by using a Newton-Raphson method, and ionosphere electron concentration parameters are circularly corrected by using a gradient descent method, so that the residual error of a theoretical calculation result and a measured value is stabilized within a preset threshold, thereby getting rid of excessive dependence on a traditional ionosphere mode, remarkably improving the inversion precision of low ionosphere parameters, and improving the reliability of the low ionosphere. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and long-term operation.

This invention relates to star sensors, specifically to lenses for shortwave imaging detectors in all-weather star sensors and their design methods. It addresses the problem that shortwave imaging detectors are not yet widely used in all-weather star sensors, resulting in a lack of suitable optical lenses. The invention comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens group, and a seventh lens arranged sequentially along the optical path. The sixth lens group is a cemented lens, including a first cemented lens and a second cemented lens arranged sequentially along the optical path. This six-lens-plus-one-cemented-lens configuration results in low lens distortion, uniform dispersion under a telecentric optical path, which is beneficial for centroid extraction and improves the lens's response in the near-infrared band, enabling all-weather detection.