37 results about "Ionogram" patented technology

The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support; a non-magnetic layer including a non-magnetic powder and a binding agent on the non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic powder and a binding agent on the non-magnetic layer, in which a total thickness of the non-magnetic layer and the magnetic layer is equal to or smaller than 0.60 μm, an isoelectric point of a surface zeta potential of the magnetic layer is equal to or greater than 5.5, the magnetic layer includes an oxide abrasive, and an average particle diameter of the oxide abrasive obtained from a secondary ion image obtained by irradiating the surface of the magnetic layer with a focused ion beam is 0.04 μm to 0.08 μm.

Provided are a magnetic tape comprising a magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic powder and a binding agent on a non-magnetic support, in which the magnetic layer contains an oxide abrasive, an average particle diameter of the oxide abrasive obtained from a secondary ion image acquired by irradiating a surface of the magnetic layer with a focused ion beam is greater than 0.08 μm and 0.14 μm or smaller, and an absolute value ΔN of a difference between a refractive index Nxy measured with respect to an in-plane direction of the magnetic layer and a refractive index Nz measured with respect to a thickness direction of the magnetic layer is 0.25 to 0.40, and a magnetic recording and reproducing device including the magnetic tape.

Provided are a magnetic tape comprising a magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic powder and a binding agent on a non-magnetic support, in which the magnetic layer contains an oxide abrasive, an average particle diameter of the oxide abrasive obtained from a secondary ion image acquired by irradiating a surface of the magnetic layer with a focused ion beam is 0.04 μm to 0.08 μm, and an absolute value ΔN of a difference between a refractive index Nxy measured with respect to an in-plane direction of the magnetic layer and a refractive index Nz measured with respect to a thickness direction of the magnetic layer is 0.25 to 0.40, and a magnetic recording and reproducing device including the magnetic tape.

The invention discloses a backscatter-and-oblique-ionograms-based joint inversion method for ionospheric parameters. The method comprises the following steps of: determining an ionospheric model required by the backscatter detection and oblique detection joint inversion as a quasi-parabolic model; setting parameters of the ionospheric model, and calculating by using the set ionospheric parameters to obtain a simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and a simulated oblique ionogram; adding random errors into the simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and the simulated oblique ionogram, wherein the simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and the simulated oblique ionogram into which the random errors are added serve as the backscatter ionogram front edge and the oblique ionogram for the final inversion; and performing data sampling on the backscatter ionogram front edge and the oblique ionogram which are used for the final inversion and comparing the difference between the inversed result and the set parameters of the ionospheric model to judge the effectiveness of a retrieval algorithm, wherein the sampled data serves as the input of the inversion. By introducing the novel ionospheric joint detection technology and taking detection data, in different forms, of the same detection area as the input of the retrieval algorithm, the precision and stability of the inversion are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a top ionosphere detection space-borne MIMO radar system which belongs to the field of radar technology and compromises a complete complementary sequence generator, a pulse period delayer, a modulator, emission antennae, reception antennae, a demodulator, a pulse compression system and an electron density distribution generation system. The complete complementary sequence generator simultaneously generates N pairs of complementary sequences. The pulse period delayer alternatively inputs two complementary sequences to the modulator. N pairs of signals are modulated at N carrier frequencies respectively and sent out by the N emission antennae, and the echo signals are received by the N reception antennae. The demodulator demodulates signals on the N carrier frequencies. The signals are sent to the electron density distribution generation system after pulse compression to generate a two dimensional ionogram. The space-borne MIMO radar system is used for the top ionosphere detection. Compared with the prior ionosphere detector, the space-borne MIMO radar system of the invention can generate two dimensional ionograms and has very high orientation resolution and high work efficiency.

The invention discloses a spatio-temporal cascaded method for suppressing external interference of an oblique ionogram. The spatio-temporal cascaded method comprises the following steps: estimating noise power; receiving and transmitting snapshot data received by a synchronous sampling array; calculating the covariance matrix after diagonal loading; carrying out spatial filtering; and obtaining the desired signal after iterative operation. The method provided by the invention can make the best of both the empty domain and time domain characteristics of interference, and has the following advantages: the interference suppression capability is stronger and can reach 60 dB when the 16-unit equally spaced line array is adopted; the background noise can be lowered; the empty domain and time domain weight coefficients can be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner, so that the adaptability is stronger; and signal integrity can be effectively maintained.

A method for scaling and converting sounding data into physical properties of a scanned medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, sounding data is received and transformed into phase space, where the phase space transformation linearizes the sounding data. The slope and intercept of the phase space data is determined and then converted into physical parameters. The physical parameters are then returned. In a more specific embodiment, the critical frequency is returned for an ionogram.

The invention discloses a retrieval method for a vertical exploration ionogram. The retrieval method comprises the following steps: S1: establishing a mathematical model of an ionized layer profile, wherein the model is a three-layer model which comprises an E layer, a grain layer and an F layer; S2) calculating the reflection echo virtual height of each layer, and deducing the calculation formulas of the echo virtual heights of the E layer and the F layer on the basis of an established ionized layer model; and S3) utilizing actual measurement ionogram data to combine with the calculation results of the echo virtual heights of the E layer and the F layer to carry out the retrieval of the ionized layer parameters of the E layer, the grain layer and the F layer. The retrieval method for the vertical exploration ionogram overcomes the defects in the prior art, and proposes a retrieval method, which carries out constrained optimization on the F layer parameters on the basis of a shifted chebyshev polynomial model, for the vertical exploration ionogram, the high-area echo tracing data of the F layer is selected after grain layer parameters are obtained, an F-layer profile multinomial coefficient is calculated under a constraint condition that the profile is guaranteed to be continuous and smooth, finally, the ionized layer profile is determined, and the precision and the stability of retrieval can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses an ionosphere vertical section modeling and parameter inversion method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, modeling an ionosphere into a four-layer model including an E layer, a valley layer, an F<1> layer and an F<2> layer; 2, deducing a calculation formula of an echo virtual height of each layer based on the established ionosphere model; and 3, performing inversion of an ionosphere parameter of each layer by using measured ionogram data in combination with a calculation result of the echo virtual height of each layer. The ionosphere vertical section modeling and parameter inversion method disclosed by the invention is based on a vertical exploration ionogram inversion method for optimizing F<1> layer parameters and F<2> layer parameters on the basis of the constraint of a shifted Chebyshev polynomial model, namely, echo tracing data in a high region in the F<1> layer are selected after a valley parameter is obtained, and an F<1> layer section polynomial coefficient is calculated under the condition of ensuring continuously smooth constraint of the section. The method is suitable for effectively improving the inversion accuracy and stability under the situation that the F<1> layer is not developed fully.

The invention discloses a vertical measurement ionogram inversion method integrated with data pre-processing. The method comprises the following steps: step A, establishing a multi-term ionized layer model; step B, based on the established ionized layer model and in combination with actually-measured virtual height data, obtaining coefficients of the multi-term ionized layer model through a search and iteration method under a restrain condition that a section is continuous and smooth so as to carry out extrapolation compensation preprocessing on missed actually-measured data; step C, setting actual heights h1 and h2 corresponding to frequencies f1 and f2, and calculating an average group refraction index and an overlapping multi-term coefficient based on the continuous pre-processed virtual height data, thereby calculating the actual heights when fii is equal to 3,4,5,...,n-1; step D, calculating the actual height hn corresponding the maximal frequency fn; and step E, calculating a peak height of the ionized layer.

A method and apparatus for extracting an ionospheric trace are provided. The trace extraction method includes: searching for a signal data having maximum strength among signal data displayed on an ionogram of the ionosphere; selecting the point where the signal data having maximum strength is placed as a first point; extracting the trace on the right side of the first point while increasing frequency of the signal data; and extracting the trace on the left side of the first point while decreasing the frequency.

The invention provides a joint inversion method based on inclined return ionogram and computed tomography. The joint inversion method is characterized in that various pixel point electron density initial values of a tomographic model can be corrected by adopting inclined return inversion, and prior information can be additionally provided firstly, and then the tomographic inversion can be carried out based on a pixel base model, and then ionosphere TEC values of various rays can be solved by adopting GPS observation data; a coefficient matrix can be determined according to satellite signal rays; and then the reverse engineering of the electron intensity can be carried out. Compared to the conventional ionosphere tomographic method, the method provided by the invention is advantageous in that the precision is improved to a certain degree, and the accordance with the vertical observation data is better; when the observation data is insufficient, the defect of the conventional ionosphere tomographic method of the overdependence on the empirical model can be overcome by adopting the joint inversion method; and according to the invention, the joint inversion method is the first method combining the inclined return detection data with the GPS data, and therefore the insufficient GPS data problem can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a vertical measurement ionogram reversion method based on an overlapping polynomial model. The method comprises the following steps: step A, preprocessing actually measured data; step B, based on a result of the preprocessing of the actually measured data, calculating an E-layer profile by use of the overlapping polynomial model; step C, based on the actually measured data preprocessing result and the E-layer profile, estimating a parameter valley width Wv and a valley depth Fv, and constructing corresponding valley layer parameter profiles; and step D, based on the actually measured data preprocessing result and the valley layer profiles, calculating an F-layer profile by use of the overlapping polynomial model. According to the vertical measurement ionogram reversion method based on the overlapping polynomial model, disclosed by the invention, a vertical measurement ionogram reversion method which is based on an overlapping polynomial model idea and is integrated with data preprocessing and valley layer profile searching optimization is brought forward, and the ionosphere inversion precision and stability can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a super-resolution vertical detection method for an ionosphere Es layer, which comprises the following steps: transmitting a short wave signal to the Es layer in the vertical direction by using a vertical measuring instrument in a small-frequency stepping form to carry out frequency sweeping detection,wherein the frequency stepping ensures that imaging blur is not generated through accurate design; and then, carrying out frequency-by-frequency super-resolution distance imaging by adopting a spectrum estimation method by utilizing coherence between short-wave signals with similar frequencies reflected by the same Es layer region, so as to achieve Es layer super-resolution observation and naturally finish frequency dimension smoothing. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the range resolution of Es layer observation can be greatly improved by only adopting a conventional vertical measuring instrument system without additional equipment and hardware cost, a super-resolution Es layer sweep frequency ionogram can be obtained, and a super-resolution fixed frequency observation result can also be obtained; according to the method, the fine structure, the evolution process and the fluctuation characteristics of the Es layer in the vertical direction can be observed only by using the vertical measuring instrument.

The invention discloses an elevation angle backscatter ionogram inversion method containing ionosphere oblique measurement information under multiple constraint conditions, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring a group distance-elevation angle distribution curve with fixed frequency, and determining tracing points; step 2, acquiring an oblique detection ionosphere diagram frequency-group distance curve; step 3, sampling tracing points of ionogram; step 4, performing ionosphere parameter inversion; step 5, generating an electronic concentration profile. According to the backscattered ionogram electronic concentration inversion method based on elevation scanning, ionosphere monitoring equipment which is widely distributed at present can be fully utilized, ionosphere monitoring network cooperation is achieved, and high-precision ionosphere monitoring is achieved; the ionospheric monitoring quality of the ionospheric monitoring network is improved; and a current ionospheric monitoring means can be supplemented and enriched.

The invention relates to a special feed formula for breeding pigeons. The special feed formula is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of maize, 10 parts of yellow peas, 10 parts of hoary peas, 10 parts of cannabis, 5 parts of red sorghum, 5 parts of rice sorghum, 2 parts of small sunflower seed, 2 parts of garlic oil, 2 parts of beer yeast, 5 parts of sweet potato flour, 0.5 part of a vitamin E, 5 parts of spinach, 2 parts of tomatoes, 5 parts of floralwhite seed, 3 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 5 parts of spirulina, 1 part of Chinese pulsatilla roots, 2 parts of autocrat flowers, 1 part of shell meal, 1 part of yellow sand and 1 part of yellow mud. The special feed formula for the breeding pigeons, disclosed by the invention, is reasonable in compounding ratio , can meet nutritional requirements for protein, vitamins, ionogram and the like during breeding of the breeding pigeons, and can also have the function of preventing various diseases, so that the autoimmunity of the pigeons is improved, the nutrient components are increased, and the appetite of the pigeons is promoted; the demands for minerals of the pigeons can be met, and the digestion of the pigeons is promoted.

The invention discloses a backscatter-and-oblique-ionograms-based joint inversion method for ionospheric parameters. The method comprises the following steps of: determining an ionospheric model required by the backscatter detection and oblique detection joint inversion as a quasi-parabolic model; setting parameters of the ionospheric model, and calculating by using the set ionospheric parameters to obtain a simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and a simulated oblique ionogram; adding random errors into the simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and the simulated oblique ionogram, wherein the simulated backscatter ionogram front edge and the simulated oblique ionogram into which the random errors are added serve as the backscatter ionogram front edge and the oblique ionogram for the final inversion; and performing data sampling on the backscatter ionogram front edge and the oblique ionogram which are used for the final inversion and comparing the difference between the inversed result and the set parameters of the ionospheric model to judge the effectiveness of a retrieval algorithm, wherein the sampled data serves as the input of the inversion. By introducing the novel ionospheric joint detection technology and taking detection data, in different forms, of the same detection area as the input of the retrieval algorithm, the precision and stability of the inversion are effectively improved.

Provided are a magnetic recording medium, in which a magnetic layer includes a ferromagnetic hexagonal ferrite powder, a binding agent, and an oxide abrasive, an intensity ratio Int(110) / Int(114) obtained by an X-ray diffraction analysis of the magnetic layer by using an In-Plane method is 0.5 to 4.0, a vertical squareness ratio of the magnetic recording medium is 0.65 to 1.00, a contact angle with respect to 1-bromonaphthalene measured regarding a surface of the magnetic layer is 50.0° to 55.0°, and an average particle diameter of the oxide abrasive obtained from a secondary ion image obtained by irradiating the surface of the magnetic layer with a focused ion beam is 0.04 μm to 0.08 μm, and a magnetic recording and reproducing device including this magnetic recording medium.

The invention discloses a GIM map-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver hardware delay rapid calculation method, which comprises the following steps of: carrying out synchronous observation by utilizing a GNSS observation station network to obtain observation data in an investigation time period; obtaining a relational expression between the hardware error and the ionized layerVTEC by adopting an ionized layer VTEC measurement method and combining the observation data and the ionized layer thin layer model; obtaining ionized layer TEC data of global ionogram GIM data over the observation station network in the investigation time period as VTEC calibration reference; for all receivers of a GNSS observation station network in an inspection time period, solving hardware delay of the receiver and the satellite by adopting a GIM data and least square residual estimation method; calculating a receiver hardware delay error DCB and a vertical TEC over the station by using the VTEC obtained in the steps S2 and S3 through a least square method, and performing additional constraint by adopting an average value of daily ionized layer delay residual errors when the receiverdelay error is calculated.

The invention provides a vertical measurement ionogram E area trace automation interpretation method based on image processing. The method comprises the following steps of a, segmenting an E area and an F area of a vertical measurement ionogram; b, detecting an E area candidate trace area; c, eliminating a non-trace area; d, based on a trace diffusion characteristic, dividing the trace into four types, wherein a first type is an E layer, an E2 layer, an I type, an f type, a c type, an h type, an r type, a k type and an n type whose diffusion degree is small, a second type is the E layer, an E2 layer, an I type, an f type, a c type, an h type, an r type, a k type and an n type whose diffusion degree is large, a third type is an Es layer a type, a q type and an s type, and a fourth type is mixing of a straight line trace and an s type trace; e, merging trace areas of the third type; f, carrying out type identification and measurement on four types of traces respectively; and g, acquiring an E area parameter. By using the method in the invention, all the types of existing Es layer traces are comprehensively considered. And the method is a comprehensive ionogram E trace identification method.

A method for imaging a material to atomic scale by means of a field-ion microscope having a vacuum chamber configured to accommodate the material prepared in the form of a tip and an imaging gas, and an ion detector is provided. The method includes application of a DC electrical potential (VDC) and of a pulsed electrical potential, of which the maximum pulse value is denoted Vimp, so that the tip erodes for a potential value equal to VDC+Vimp; acquisition, by the detector between at least two pulses of the pulsed potential, of series of at least two ion images of the impacts of the ions repelled by the tip onto the detector; and calculation of a quantity characteristic of a trend of the erosion of the tip based on the series of ion images acquired and the adjustment, between each series of images, of the values of VDC and of Vimp such that the quantity characteristic of the trend and the ratio VDC / Vimp remain constant.

The invention discloses a vertical ionogram inversion method, comprising the following steps: step 1: establishing a mathematical model of the ionosphere profile, the model is a three-layer model including an E layer, a valley layer and an F layer; step 2: Calculation of the false height of the reflection echo of each layer, based on the established ionospheric model, deduce the calculation formula of the false height of the E layer and F layer; Step 3: Using the measured ionogram data, combined with the E layer, F layer echo false height The calculation results are used to invert the ionospheric parameters of the E layer, the valley layer and the F layer. The vertical measurement ionogram inversion method disclosed by the invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and proposes a vertical measurement ionogram inversion method based on the constraints of the shifted Chebyshev polynomial model to optimize the parameters of the F layer. After the layer parameters are determined, the echo trace data in the higher area of ​​the F layer is selected, and under the constraint of ensuring the continuous and smooth profile, the polynomial coefficient of the F layer profile is calculated, and the ionospheric profile is finally determined, which can effectively improve the inversion accuracy and stability.

The invention discloses a method for realizing ionosphere region reconstruction based on wide-beam high-frequency backscattering detection, which comprises the following steps of: 1, extracting a wide-beam high-frequency backscattering detection ionogram front edge; 2, determining 31 orientations; 3, calculating theoretical front edges corresponding to the 31 orientations; 4, calculating a theoretical merging front edge; 5, determining the optimal R12; the step 6, calculating a three-dimensional electron concentration profile of the IRI model under the optimal R12. The method for realizing ionosphere region reconstruction based on wide-beam high-frequency return scattering detection disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the technical problem that a wide-beam high-frequency return scattering detection technology cannot be effectively applied to the field of ionosphere reconstruction is solved, and a new technical means is added for real-time reconstruction, reporting and modeling of the ionosphere.

The present invention provides an image processing-based method for automatically interpreting traces in the E-area of ​​the vertical ionogram, comprising the following steps: a. segmentation of the E-area and F-area of ​​the vertical ionogram; b. detection of candidate tracing areas in the E-area; c. Area exclusion; d. Divide traces into 4 types based on trace diffusion characteristics: the first type is E layer, E2 layer, l-type, f-type, c-type, h-type, r-type, k-type with relatively small diffusion degree , n-type, the second type is E layer, E2 layer, l-type, f-type, c-type, h-type, r-type, k-type, n-type with relatively large diffusion degree, and the third type is Es layer a-type, q-type type, s-type, the fourth type is a mixture of linear traces and s-type traces; e. merge the third type of trace areas; f. perform type identification and measurement on the four types of traces; g. obtain E Area parameters; the method of the present invention fully considers all types of Es layer traces that exist at present, and is a comprehensive ionogram E trace identification method.

The invention discloses a sudden ionospheric disturbance event identification method based on ionospheric vertical detection data. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting and arranging data fmin and foF2 of each ionospheric observation station during M5.0-level historical solar flare burst in the daytime of China; step 2, calculating the ratio of the data of the time fmin and foF2 corresponding to each ionosphere observation station, statistically analyzing the distribution condition of fmin / foF2, and determining different intensity levels of the ionosphere absorption degree at the position of each ionosphere observation station; and step 3, determining the intensity level of the sudden ionospheric disturbance event. According to the sudden ionospheric disturbance event identification method disclosed by the invention, the absorption index representing the ionospheric absorption degree is calculated by using the ionospheric vertical detection ionogram minimum echo frequency and the ionospheric critical frequency, and the ionospheric absorption degree of a certain area can be simply and directly represented; and ionosphere absorption degree information of different regions in China can be provided for short-wave electronic information systems and the like.

The invention discloses a nonstandard format vertical sounding ionogram data processing method. A background noise value is used as the amplitude value of an invalid echo, a zero value is used as the Doppler frequency shift value of the invalid echo, and by means of the interpolation method, frequency and height data in nonstandard format vertical sounding ionogram data are transformed according to standard format requirements; by means of the normalization method, echo amplitude and echo Doppler frequency shift data in the nonstandard format vertical sounding ionogram data are transformed according to the standard format requirements, and the nonstandard format vertical sounding ionogram data are converted into standard ionogram data files. By means of the method, the different nonstandard format vertical sounding ionogram data are converted into current international standard data formats, and the purpose that the data are processed though international vertical sounding ionogram data processing software which is matured, universal and complete in function is achieved.

The invention discloses an ionosphere vertical section modeling and parameter inversion method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, modeling an ionosphere into a four-layer model including an E layer, a valley layer, an F<1> layer and an F<2> layer; 2, deducing a calculation formula of an echo virtual height of each layer based on the established ionosphere model; and 3, performing inversion of an ionosphere parameter of each layer by using measured ionogram data in combination with a calculation result of the echo virtual height of each layer. The ionosphere vertical section modeling and parameter inversion method disclosed by the invention is based on a vertical exploration ionogram inversion method for optimizing F<1> layer parameters and F<2> layer parameters on the basis of the constraint of a shifted Chebyshev polynomial model, namely, echo tracing data in a high region in the F<1> layer are selected after a valley parameter is obtained, and an F<1> layer section polynomial coefficient is calculated under the condition of ensuring continuously smooth constraint of the section. The method is suitable for effectively improving the inversion accuracy and stability under the situation that the F<1> layer is not developed fully.

The invention discloses a top ionosphere detection space-borne MIMO radar system which belongs to the field of radar technology and compromises a complete complementary sequence generator, a pulse period delayer, a modulator, emission antennae, reception antennae, a demodulator, a pulse compression system and an electron density distribution generation system. The complete complementary sequence generator simultaneously generates N pairs of complementary sequences. The pulse period delayer alternatively inputs two complementary sequences to the modulator. N pairs of signals are modulated at Ncarrier frequencies respectively and sent out by the N emission antennae, and the echo signals are received by the N reception antennae. The demodulator demodulates signals on the N carrier frequencies. The signals are sent to the electron density distribution generation system after pulse compression to generate a two dimensional ionogram. The space-borne MIMO radar system is used for the top ionosphere detection. Compared with the prior ionosphere detector, the space-borne MIMO radar system of the invention can generate two dimensional ionograms and has very high orientation resolution and high work efficiency.

The invention discloses an ionospheric backscatter propagation mode identification method based on transfer learning. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, preprocessing training data; 2,constructing a deep convolutional network based on model migration; 3, constructing a domain confusion network; and 4, setting network training parameters. According to the ionospheric backscatter propagation mode recognition method based on transfer learning disclosed by the invention, mode recognition can be accurately performed on ionospheric backscatter ionogram data, so that the ionospheric state can be mastered, and important support is quickly and effectively provided for a short-wave equipment information system.