103 results about "Reaction dynamics" patented technology

A fast switching arbitrary frequency light source for broadband spectroscopic applications. The light source may operate near 1.6 um based on sideband tuning using an electro-optic modulator driven by an arbitrary waveform generator. A Fabry-Perot filter cavity selects a single sideband of the light source. The finesse (FSR/Δν_FWHM) of the filter cavity may be chosen to enable rapid frequency switching at rates up to 5 MHz over a frequency range of 40 GHz (1.3 cm⁻¹). The bandwidth, speed and spectral purity are high enough for spectroscopic applications where rapid and discrete frequency scans are needed. Significant signal-to-noise advantages may be realized using the rapid and broadband scanning features of this system in many areas of spectroscopy, e.g., process monitoring and control, reaction dynamics, and remote sensing (e.g., greenhouse gas monitoring, biological/chemical agent screening).

The invention discloses a micro mixing and micro reaction device, which is used for realizing the fast micro mixing and micro reaction of solution and comprises a micro flow control chip and a chip clamp, wherein the micro flow control chip is formed by bonding a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin layer carved with a micro passage with a glass sheet, and the chip clamp is used for clamping the micro flow control chip. The micro mixing and micro reaction device is characterized in that the micro flow passage comprises two solution inlet passages and one solution outlet passage, each passage is formed by communicating and connecting a wide passage with a narrow passage, and in addition, the three narrow passages are respectively communicated and connected with a mixing cavity (4), so the three passages are mutually communicated. The micro mixing and micro reaction device has the advantages that the processing is simple, the cost is low, in addition, good optical and mechanical performance and insulation performance are realized, in addition, the micro mixing and micro reaction device can be conveniently connected and integrated with external equipment, a new path is provided for the super fast micro mixing of the solution, and the micro mixing and micro reaction device can be widely applied to the field of super fast micro reaction dynamics study.

The invention provides an electron gun device for generating a high-brightness femtosecond electronic impulse. The electron gun device comprises an incident window, a sealing component, a vacuum cavity, a photocathode, a grid, an anode, an observation window, a molecular pump, a pre-stage dry pump, an electronic focusing magnetic lens, an RF (Radio Frequency) electronic compression cavity, an RF signal generating device, an x-direction electronic deflector, a y-direction electronic deflector and an electronic scanning plate. Through the invention, the broadening function of the space charge effect on longitudinal pulse duration of an electronic beam impulse is effectively suppressed; the problem that the divergence of the electronic beam is increased due to electric field distortion at a small hole of the anode is solved; and the horizontal and longitudinal electronic impulses have super-high resolution factors, and the real-time detection on super-high time resolution and space resolution of ultrafast processes such as molecular reaction dynamics can be performed.

The invention relates to a doping modification method of a porous carbon material. According to the method, a reduction-oxidization graphene-loaded transition metal chalcogenide is doped in the porouscarbon material for surface doping modification on the porous carbon material. By the chemical absorption and the catalytic effect of an unsaturated dangling bond of the transition metal chalcogenide, the absorption performance of the porous carbon material can be improved, a shuttling effect of polysulfide lithium is reduced, and meanwhile, the electrochemical reaction dynamic process also can be accelerated. The porous carbon material modified by the transition metal chalcogenide is used for fabricating a battery electrode, an electrode coating layer, a blocking layer or a battery separator, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is improved.

The present invention discloses one kind of powder spraying ferrovanadium refining process. During electro alumino-thermic process, and after completing alumino-thermic reaction, separating slag from the alloy and stopping heating, reductive powder material is sprayed through the spray gun inserted into the slag layer and the furnace body is rotated so that the sprayed powder material is well mixed to the slag. Then, the electrode is re-inserted for further smelting for one other 20-25 min, so as to make the residual vanadium in the slag reduced to produce ferrovanadium. The present invention has effectively improved reaction dynamic condition of the refined material, complete reaction, high vanadium recovering rate and lowered production cost.

A continuous-flow (CF) magic angle sample spinning (CF-MAS) NMR rotor and probe are described for investigating reaction dynamics, stable intermediates/transition states, and mechanisms of catalytic reactions in situ. The rotor includes a sample chamber of a flow-through design with a large sample volume that delivers a flow of reactants through a catalyst bed contained within the sample cell allowing in-situ investigations of reactants and products. Flow through the sample chamber improves diffusion of reactants and products through the catalyst. The large volume of the sample chamber enhances sensitivity permitting in situ ¹³C CF-MAS studies at natural abundance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of network security and particularly relates to a network optimal defense strategy selection method and device based on a bounded rational game theory. Themethod comprises the following steps: constructing an offensive and defensive game model in a bounded rational situation according to the bounded rationality of the actual offensive and defensive sides; a random optimal reaction dynamic differential equation of a participant selection strategy is established by setting a participant rationality degree parameter in combination with an offensive and defensive game strategy set and according to historical data; the two simultaneous offensive and defensive parties are treated as the random optimal reaction dynamic differential equation of the participant; and an optimal defense strategy is determined and output by solving and screening a stable equilibrium point. Compared with the method of only giving an equilibrium solution and not analyzing the Nash equilibrium formation process, the network optimal defense strategy selection method and device based on bounded rational game theory in the present invention analyze the dynamic evolutionprocess of the bounded rational evolution game equilibrium, and the utility and the guiding significance are stronger when being applied to network defense decision; the dynamic analysis efficiency ofstrategy selection can be improved; and the network security performance is further improved.

The invention provides a transitional metal phosphide-carbon composite material, which belongs to the field of electrochemical energy materials. A carbon precursor is used as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the transitional metal ions are uniformly dispersed on a carbon precursor substrate by virtue of a complexing effect of the transitional metal ions and the carbon precursor, and the single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are in-situ synthesized by virtue of the phosphorization process. The single-dispersed transitional metal phosphide nano particles are embeddedinto the carbon material substrate, so that the volume expansion of the phosphide particles in the charging-discharging process can be alleviated, the cycling stability of the material can be improved, the electric conductivity of the composite material can also be increased, the reaction dynamics process of an electrode is accelerated, the heteroatom-doped carbon is combined with the transitional metal phosphide by virtue of a covalent bond, so that the interaction of the heteroatom-doped carbon and the transitional metal phosphide is improved, the clustering problem of the phosphide particles in the charging and discharging process can be solved, and the synergistic effect between the carbon and phosphide improves the specific capacity and rate capability of the composite material.

The invention discloses an online-sampling hydrothermal system hydrocarbon source rock-to-hydrocarbon thermal simulation experiment apparatus. The apparatus comprises a reaction vessel, a thermocouple, a heater, a sampling device, a reaction solution injection device, and a controller for controlling the temperature, the pressure and the motion execution of the experiment apparatus. The temperature and the pressure can be constantly controlled through controlling the motion executions of all parts by the controller in the reaction process of substances in the reaction vessel in order to satisfy requirements of the reaction dynamics; the sampling device can sample and analyze a gas and a solution obtained after the reaction in order to realize the continuous sampling and online analysis in the experiment process, and the experiment precision and the analysis efficiency are high; and the reaction vessel has a large volume in order to avoid large influences of the take-out a small amount of a sample in the reaction process to the temperature, the pressure and the chemical components of a whole reaction system.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a network-like carbon-loaded iron-based compound material and an application of the network-like carbon-loaded iron-based compound material in a lithium-sulfur battery, and belongs to the field of electrochemistry; the method comprises the following steps of taking slightly oxidized graphene as a substrate, taking ferric nitrate nonahydrate as an iron source, taking glucose hydrothermal carbon as a carbon source of iron carbide and a pore-forming substrate, taking ammonia gas generated in the high-temperature pyrolysis process of melamine as a nitrogen source of an iron-nitrogen compound, and meanwhile, enabling ammonia to corrode the glucose hydrothermal carbon substrate to generate a net-shaped structure. The method has the beneficial effects that 1) the process is simple, and the product cost is low; 2) the obtained positive electrode material has a rich hole structure and ion and electron transport channels, the conductivity of the material can be improved, and the loss of the polysulfide compound can be effectively inhibited, the stability of the electrode material is remarkably improved, and the electrochemical performance is improved; and 4) the adsorption and catalysis of the polysulfide compound are achieved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the iron carbide and the iron-nitrogen compound, and the catalytic action can be used for accelerating the reaction dynamics of the lithium-sulfur battery, so that the transition of the soluble polysulfide compound to insoluble sulfide is accelerated, and the shuttle effectis greatly inhibited.

The invention relates to a method for modeling and optimizing cleaner production of a cement clinker sintering process. The method comprises the steps of establishing a cement clinker sintering process model in Aspen Plus software according to a material balance relationship and the heat conservation principle of various working procedures in the cement clinker sintering process; setting and inputting data of the cement clinker sintering process, and operating the model until a simulation result meets an error requirement; selecting corresponding energy saving and emission reduction technologies according to actual production requirements, optimizing the cement clinker sintering process model, and optimizing a clinker sintering method. According to the invention, the steady-state model of the cement clinker sintering process is established based on fundamental principles of substance conservation, energy conservation and macroscopic reaction dynamics, thereby being conducive to describing influences imposed on the process by changes of process parameters and adoption of energy saving and emission reduction technologies.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly evaluating reliability of a semiconductor device, and belongs to the technical field of reliability evaluation. The reliability of the semiconductor device is evaluated by the aid of a parameter degradation model of the semiconductor device, and the parameter degradation model is built based on the homogeneous reaction dynamic principle according to a concentration change rule of reacting dose in the degradation process. The method solves the problem of different degradation rules of semiconductor device parameters in experiments of monotonic degradation of degradation amount with the passage of time, and non-monotonic degradation such as rise and then drop, or drop and then rise. A long-term degradation rule of the device is rapidly extrapolated by the aid of the parameter degradation model, the reliability of the device is evaluated, and experimental time is shortened.

The invention relates to a method for testing acidic rock reaction dynamic parameters for simulating flat-plate flow. The method is executed on a flat-plate high-pressure acidic corrosion and dynamic filtration analysis device and comprises the following steps of: (1) coaxially putting a rock core into a rock core clamp; (2) vacuumizing a high-pressure filtration kettle through a vacuumizing port and a nitrogen injection port; (3) heating the high-pressure filtration kettle and the clamp to set temperature according to a simulation requirement; (4) adjusting the rotating speed of a rotor of a screw pump according to a working curve of the screw pump and a requirement on the flow speed of test liquid; (5) injecting acidic liquid; (6) opening the vacuumizing port and the nitrogen injection port to inject nitrogen into a high-temperature and high-pressure cavity; (7) sampling from a sampling port; and (8) after sampling is finished, titrating acidic concentration, and analyzing the reaction dynamic parameters. The method is suitable to test the acidic rock reaction dynamic parameters for simulating the flat-plate flow of different sticky and flowing acidic liquid systems; by the method, an actual state of acidic liquid reacting with rock on a stratum layer can be simulated; foundation is laid for scientific test and analysis of the reaction dynamic parameters of various types of acidic liquid systems and rock; and furthermore, dynamic filtration parameters of different types of working liquid in a well and an artificial slit can be simulated.

The invention discloses a device for measuring acid/rock reaction dynamics parameters of acid liquid systems with different viscosities, which is used in acid fracturing modification techniques of carbonate reservoir in the field of petroleum engineering, is suitable for measuring the acid/rock reaction dynamics parameters of liquid systems with different viscosities and acid liquid concentrations, and more precisely simulates the real flow direction and characteristics of acid liquid. The device comprises a main body consisting of a reaction kettle and two sets of different models of clamp holders, and also comprises power units for providing power for the kettle to rotate, and simple measuring units. The main body is formed by forging a Hastelloy alloy material, and the system bears pressure of 20 MPa and resists temperature of 150DEG C. In an experiment, liquid in the reaction kettle is stirred, acid liquid flows along the wall of the kettle body and undergoes acid/rock reaction with the surface of batholiths fixed by the clamp holders on two sides of the kettle body; and a sample can be taken through a plug position of a clamp holder on the other side of the kettle body or a pressure relief port on the lower part of the kettle body, ion concentration of the acid liquid is analyzed, and the acid/rock reaction dynamics parameters are measured.

The invention disclose a method for analyzing dynamic transferred water quality based on a fugacity theory, relating to a water quality analysis method, and solving the problem of larger deviation between a simulated result and an actual condition caused by actually unobtainable required parameters and randomly non-modifiable inner parameters in a traditional water quality analysis method. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, confirming environment facies of a water area to be detected and acquiring geographic information parameters of the water area to be detected, environmental parameters of various environment and materialization parameters of a target pollutant; then computing fugacity capacity of each environmental facies, speed constant of reaction dynamics and transfer parameters among each environmental face; then establishing a system of differential equation by taking the fugacity of each environmental face as an unknown and solving the system of differential equation through a Runge-Kutta algorithm to obtain the fugacity of each environmental face; and calculating out pollutant concentration by the fugacity of each environmental facies and the fugacity capacity. The invention overcomes defects of the prior art, and can be applied to the field of analyzing transferring transformation of organic pollutants in the water area and distribution law of multi-medium environment.

The invention relates to a method for improving performance of a COFs (Covalent Organic Frameworks) material used as an electrode active material. The method belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries and comprises the step of using dry ball milling to strip the COFs material with a redox reactivity site into an ECOFs material with a thin-film nanoscale lamellar structure. The COFs material prepared through utilizing ball milling and stripping is used as the electrode active material of a lithium ion battery, so that compared with the COFs material used as the electrode active material of the lithium ion battery, the utilization ratio of the redox site can be remarkably improved, and the volume is remarkably improved; a lithium ion passing path is shortened, and a rate capability is remarkably improved; meanwhile, dynamics leading reaction is transformed into charge transfer control from diffusion control, so that the reaction dynamics is greatly improved; the cycle stability performance of the lithium battery is improved.

The invention provides a micro double-bed solid fuel decoupling combustion reaction dynamic analyzer which comprises a fuel pyrolytic reaction generation device, a residual coke combustion reaction generation device, a double-bed high-temperature coupling device, a gas path device and an analysis test device, wherein solid fuel is firstly pyrolyzed under an inert atmosphere in a micro gas flow bed; then residual cokes enter the micro gas flow bed for combustion test under an air atmosphere; a quick gas detector is used for judging a reaction mechanism by measuring a generation sequence and a generation quantity characteristic of gas components in a fuel pyrolysis process and a coke combustion process, so that reaction dynamic parameters can be calculated. According to the micro double-bed solid fuel decoupling combustion reaction dynamic analyzer, the combustion dynamic parameters of the solid fuel can be tested through direct decoupling combustion through independent and quick switching of the atmospheres and the temperature; the pyrolyzed residual cokes are directly subjected to the combustion test without a cooling process; the temperature rising rates of the gas flow bed and a fluidized bed are high, so that a combustion condition in an actual boiler can be well simulated; the measured reaction dynamic parameters are close to intrinsic reaction dynamic parameters.

The invention discloses an image recognition based molten iron KR stirring and desulfurizing method which concretely comprises the following steps of 1) collecting molten iron weight and molten iron temperature measurement sampling analysis results, and calculating a stirring time tau, a feeding amount w of a desulfurizing agent, an elevation H of a liquid level of the molten iron, a insertion depth h0 of a stirrer and an elevation h=H-h0 of the bottom surface of the stirrer; 2) adjusting a stirring rotating speed through a monitoring picture of a high-definition video system; 3) after feeding of the desulfurizing agent is finished, the stirring rotating speed is adjusted through the monitoring picture of the high-definition video system; and 4) as a service time of the stirrer progresses, the stirring rotating speed is continuously adjusted until service of the stirrer is ended. In the image recognition based molten iron KR stirring and desulfurizing method, by online monitoring thecharacteristic parameters of a stirring vortex liquid surface shape and a mutual position relation between the stirring vortex liquid surface shape and a stirrer blade through a high-definition video,so that real-time control on the reaction dynamics conditions in the whole process of molten iron desulphurization and stirring is realized, and a whole-course visual monitoring means for actual production operation is provided.

The invention discloses an isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical modified polypyrrole and a preparation method and an application thereof. 3- and 4-site side groups in pyrrole repeating structural units of a polypyrrole high molecular material are chemically modified by an isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical derivative to obtain the product. Or 3- and 4-site side groups of pyrrole monomers are chemically modified by the isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical derivative, and then a polymerization reaction is carried out to obtain the product. Compared with polypyrrole, the modified polypyrrole has better electrical conductivity, higher charge storage density, better capacitance retention rate, fast electrode reaction dynamics performance, and oxidation-reduction ability and characteristic three-line electron paramagnetic resonance spectra similar to isoindole free radicals; the polymer has good rate capability and cycle stability in the processes of charging and discharging; and after 500-cycle charging and discharging circulation, the coulomb efficiency can be still kept at 95% or more, and the modified polypyrrole is expected to become a novel high-capacity and high-power battery material.

The invention relates to a supercritical CO2 high-temperature high-pressure synthetic high molecular conducting film device which comprises a high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle and an electrode system, wherein the high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle is arranged in a thermotank; a CO2 conveying system is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle and conveys CO2 to the high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle; the electrode system is a three-electrode system formed by inserting a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode into the high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle; a strong magnetic stirring apparatus is arranged at the inner bottom of the thermotank, and a high-temperature high-pressure magnetic stirrer is placed in the high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical reaction kettle. In the invention, the CO2 conveying system is connected with the reaction kettle, a high-quality high molecular conducting film can be manufactured, and the electrochemical device has good air tightness, and not only can carry out a high-temperature high-pressure electrochemical synthetic experiment, but also can carry out electrode reaction dynamic measurement and can independently control the influence parameter of each experiment process.

The invention discloses a method for calculating single reaction dynamics from complex reaction based on thermal analysis-infrared analysis combination. According to the method, a thermal analysis-infrared analysis combination combined test means is adopted, on-line detection is carried out on a gaseous product generated by thermal analysis through an infrared absorption spectrum, the infrared absorption spectrum information of the gas product is recorded in real time, and gas component analysis and flow calculation are carried out; and a characteristic gas product capable of representing thesingle reaction process is selected, the flow data of the characteristic gas single component are extracted and are converted into reaction conversion rate-time (temperature) data points after being subjected to mathematical treatment, and dynamics computation of the single reaction is carried out according to the data points. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the problem that the single reaction dynamics cannot be calculated from the overlapped complex reaction process due to the fact that traditional thermal analysis dynamics adopts TG or DSC data can be solved,a realization means is provided for research and control of the single reaction in the complex reaction, and the application range of thermal analysis dynamics is widened.

The invention discloses a converter smelting method for improving end molten steel remainder Mn with medium-high-Mn, high-P and low-Si molten iron (C4.20-4.60wt, Mn 0.90wt%-1.15wt%, Si 0.05-0.15wt%, P0.100-0.130wt% and S smaller than or equal to 0.040wt%). Integrated innovation is conducted on processes such as slag retention operation, continuous casting residual slag application, low-alkalinityslagging process, constant-pressure low lance position operation in the smelting process and tapping slag washing in the whole process, smelting reaction dynamics and thermodynamic conditions are optimized, the distribution concentration of MnO in slag in the smelting process is increased, better smelting slagging and dephosphorization effects are obtained under the conditions of little slag andlow-alkalinity slag systems, rephosphorization of molten steel in the later period of smelting and the tapping process is reduced to the greatest extent, the content (0.43wt%-0.55wt%) of end point molten steel residual Mn is significantly increased, the addition amount of Mn alloys in the deoxidation alloying process is reduced, the steelmaking alloy consumption and alloying cost are significantlyreduced, the economic indexes of the smelting technology is improved, and the market competitiveness of products is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of spectrum detection systems and in particular relates to a fluorescence-related spectrum measurement system. Exciting light is limited within a flying volume by utilizing a tapered optical fiber, and meanwhile, a fluorescence signal is collected by utilizing an optical fiber, so that time-related photo counting is performed, and furthermore, a fluorescence-related spectrum is acquired. By using the method, a fluorescence confocal microscope, a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope or a two-photon fluorescence microscope is prevented from being used, so that the measurement cost of a fluorescence-related spectrum is reduced; meanwhile, the optical fiber can be penetrated into a solution, a reactor, a microfluidic chip, a cell or a body, so that space imitation of imaging equipment is eliminated; and the fluorescence-related spectrum measurement system can be widely applied to the aspects such as reaction dynamic research, livingcell analysis, biological detection, disease diagnosis and drug screening in the fields of life sciences, physics and chemicals.