609 results about "Microcell" patented technology

The performance of electro-wetting displays can be improved by: (a) providing a concealment member (112) which conceals the moving fluid (108) when that fluid (108) is confined to a small area; (b) using the moving fluid to cover one or more sections of a filter or reflector having differently-colored sections; (c) moving the moving fluid between the rear surface and a side surface of a microcell; (d) using as a substrate for a moving fluid a substrate resistant to wetting by the fluid but pierced by multiple conductive vias capped with a material wetted by the fluid; and (e) coloring the moving fluid with pigments or nanoparticles.

A decentralized asynchronous wireless communication system is disclosed for providing voice and data communication that allows flexibility of communication paths for local communication or for communication to external networks. The system makes use of communication docking bays that may communicate in a local mode with other communication docking bays or handsets within a same microcell via signal extenders. In an extended mode, a communication docking bay located in a first microcell of a first macrocell may communicate with a second communication docking bay or handset in a second microcell of the first macrocell via signal extenders and a network extender. In a remote mode, a communication docking bay located in a first microcell of a first macrocell may communicate with a second communication docking bay or handset in a second microcell of a second macrocell via signal extenders and network extenders. The communication docking bays also provide a communication path to a Public Switch Telephone Network and other communication medium. This feature provides an alternate means of connecting a mobile handset to a Public Switch Telephone Network without communicating through a network extender. The system is particularly suitable for operation in rural areas having a low population density.

A system, method, and software are provided for measuring co-channel interference in a wireless network with particular application for management of resource allocation for Non Line of Sight (NLOS) wireless backhaul in MicroCell and PicoCell networks. Given the difficulty of predicting the mutual interference between multiple links, DownLink and UpLink co-channel interference are characterized between each Hub and each Remote Backhaul Module Unit periodically during active service. Beneficially, the co-channel interference metrics are used as the basis for intelligently and adaptively managing network resources to substantially reduce interference and increase the aggregate data capacity of the network e.g. by grouping of interfering and/or non-interfering links, and managing resource block allocations accordingly, i.e. assigning common resource blocks preferentially to weakly interfering links or groups of links and allocating different resource blocks or orthogonal channels to strongly interfering links or groups of links.

Provided are solar cells, photovoltaics and related methods for making solar cells, wherein the solar cell is made of ultrathin solar grade or low quality silicon. In an aspect, the invention is a method of making a solar cell by providing a solar cell substrate having a receiving surface and assembling a printable semiconductor element on the receiving surface of the substrate via contact printing. The semiconductor element has a thickness that is less than or equal to 100 μm and, for example, is made from low grade Si.

The present invention provides embodiments of methods for directing traffic between cells of different sizes. One embodiment of the method includes determining, at a mobile unit, whether to hand off from a source cell to a target cell based on information indicating sizes of coverage areas of the source cell and the target cell.

A method for carrying out an idle handoff from a macrocell to a microcell (picocell) in a hierarchical cell structure includes the steps of: a) allocating different frequency assignments (FA) to the macrocell and the microcell in a same service band, to construct the hierarchical cell structure; b) transmitting cell structure information of neighboring base stations and pseudo noise (PN) code from base station to mobile station; c) checking whether the mobile station is in the hierarchical cell by using the cell structure information of neighboring base station; and d) checking whether a value of the pseudo noise (PN) code is greater than T_ADD and greater than Ec/Io of the macrocell by periodically searching the pseudo noise (PN) code of the microcell, to carry out an idle handoff to the microcell, wherein the T_ADD represents a value of base station pilot strength required for the base station of neighboring set to be included in a candidate set, the Ec represents an pilot energy accumulated during one pseudo noise (PN) chip period, and the Io represents a total power spectrum density within a reception bandwidth.

The performance of electro-wetting displays can be improved by: (a) providing a concealment member (112) which conceals the moving fluid (108) when that fluid (108) is confined to a small area; (b) using the moving fluid to cover one or more sections of a filter or reflector having differently-colored sections; (c) moving the moving fluid between the rear surface and a side surface of a microcell; (d) using as a substrate for a moving fluid a substrate resistant to wetting by the fluid but pierced by multiple conductive vias capped with a material wetted by the fluid; and (e) coloring the moving fluid with pigments or nanoparticles.

Various improvements in electrophoretic media and displays intended for use in light modulators are described. These improvements include index matching of the suspending fluid to a continuous phase surrounding the fluid, index matching of a capsule wall to a binder, planarization of a layer containing electrophoretic capsules before application of adhesive thereto, methods for concentrating electrophoretic particles into limited areas of sidewalls of electrophoretic capsules or microcells in the light-transmissive state of the display, and, in the case of light modulators comprising an electrophoretic layer sandwiched between two transparent plates, forming at least one of the plates so as to absorb electromagnetic radiation which adversely affects the electrophoretic layer.

The invention relates to a method for transferring interference coordination information between cells and an interference coordination method, wherein, (1) the transfer method comprises the following steps: a baseband processing unit (102) determines edge microcells, the baseband processing unit (102) determines a neighborhood relation between the edge microcells (301); and the baseband processing unit (102) sends the interference coordination information data and/or control signaling between the edge microcells to the baseband processing unit of the neighbor cell; and (2) the interference coordination method comprises the following steps: the baseband processing unit (102) coordinates the interference between the cells for the edge microcell by combining the microcell measurement information from the present cell and the microcell measurement information from the neighbor cell. The method combines the characteristics of a distributed base station and gives an information transmission and interference coordination method between RRUs or the microcells, which can efficiently utilize space, time, frequency and power resources, and reduce traffic load on an X2 interface.

A wireless network with tiered centralized control is provided. The wireless network includes a controlling node and a plurality of participant nodes. Each participant node includes an electronically steerable antenna. The plurality of participant nodes report various network information to the controlling node, such as interference and throughput measurements. The controlling node examines the network topology and provides instructions to one or more participant nodes in order to optimize the network. The instructions can include transmit and receive antenna pointing directions, assigned frequency/channel, and the amount of transmit power to use between specific participant nodes. The optimization of the network is performed to deterministically manage the capacity and reliability of the network by managing the multi-hop paths of the network so that no single path becomes congested while other paths within the network remain underutilized and to heal the network by creating new physical layer and logical layer paths around unexpected obstacles, interference, and/or broken nodes.

A mobile-radio network includes radio base stations providing radio coverage to the users of the network via antenna elements, wherein the antenna elements are equipped with at least one first communication channel and at least one second communication channel. The first communication channel provides a first layer of individual microcell radio coverage for the antenna elements. The second communication channel is made common to groups of the antenna elements and provides a second layer of virtual macrocell radio coverage, wherein the coverage of each virtual macrocell aggregates the microcell radio coverages of the antenna elements included in the respective group.

Various improvements in electrophoretic media and displays intended for use in light modulators are described. These improvements include index matching of the suspending fluid to a continuous phase surrounding the fluid, index matching of a capsule wall to a binder, planarization of a layer containing electrophoretic capsules before application of adhesive thereto, methods for concentrating electrophoretic particles into limited areas of sidewalls of electrophoretic capsules or microcells in the light-transmissive state of the display, and, in the case of light modulators comprising an electrophoretic layer sandwiched between two transparent plates, forming at least one of the plates so as to absorb electromagnetic radiation which adversely affects the electrophoretic layer.

The present invention relates generally to the field of electro-optical modulating displays, for example, electrophoretic displays, and more particularly to a display having an array of stacked cells. In particular, the invention discloses the use of a electrical field isolation layer between the stacked arrays of microcells, , or alternative means, for reducing or eliminating cross-talk between the microcells in vertically adjacent layers of the stacked display.

A system and method for tracking a user. The system is adapted for use in a wireless communication system and creates a plurality of beams within a coverage area. A first beam is directed at a user in a first microcell and a number of additional beams illuminate microcells immediately adjacent the first microcell. The system is equipped with a mechanism for detecting movement of the user from the first microcell to one of the immediately adjacent microcells. On the detection of movement of the user, the system redirects the first beam from the first microcell to a second microcell, the second microcell being one of the adjacent microcells. In the illustrative embodiment, the system is implemented in a stratospheric platform based communication system including a hub adapted to communicate with a stratospheric platform. A transceiver and a phased array antenna are disposed on the platform to communicate with the hub and with the user. A second antenna is provided on the platform to communicate with the hub. Beamforming and direction are implemented on the hub and communicated to the platform. The user's position is detected with a global positioning system receiver, by measuring the strength of a signal received from the user, or by other suitable means. On detection of user movement from the first microcell, the beamforming system redirects the beam to follow the user into a second microcell. Additional beams around the user's microcell are illuminated to facilitate detection of the users movement.

Handoffs within a wireless communication system (20) include using a common cell definition code for each of a plurality of microcell BTSs (30, 40, 50) to facilitate handoffs between a macrocell (26) and any one of the microcells. In a disclosed example, a common cell definition code such as a PN offset or a scrambling code is used to trigger a handoff from the macrocell (26) to any one of the microcell BTSs (30, 40, 50). A mobile station locate feature identifies which of the BTSs is involved in the handoff. Another common cell definition code is used in one example to trigger all handoffs from any one of the microcells (30, 40, 50) to the macrocell (26). Soft handoff and hard handoff examples are disclosed.

A networked computing system, including multiple radio access nodes (RANs), multiple radio communications controllers (RCCs), and a data communications network facilitating communications amongst the RANs and the RCCs of the system. A regional RAN receives a default eMIB associated with a first type of RAN (e.g., a macrocell, microcell, picocells, or femtocell RAN types) from a RCC, in response to a registration event of a RAN initialization process. The regional RAN maintains a dynamic eMIB comprising network operating parameters determined by various self-optimization processes. The network operating parameters of the dynamic eMIB are selected to fall within a range designated by the default eMIB. During a network failure condition, the regional RAN is configured to use a temporary eMIB comprising failure level operating parameters in order to mitigate network deficiencies caused by the network failure condition.

The invention relates to an energy-saving strategy under multi-cell overlapping and covering, comprising the steps of: in a communication system, when in idle communication, firstly switching a part of users in microcells with lower loads into neighbor microcells and macrocells which have an overlapped part with the covering range of the microcells with lower loads, and adopting the remaining resources of the neighbor microcells and the macrocells are utilized to accept all the users of the microcells with lower loads, so that the microcells are closed. The method has the beneficial effects that as the macrocells do not have enough resources to accept all the users of the microcells to be switched, so that the microcells can not be closed and the energy of the system can not be saved. In the energy-saving strategy under multi-cell overlapping and covering, not only are the remaining resources of the neighbor microcells considered, but also all the users of the microcells to be closed can be accepted furthest, so that the microcells can be closed and the energy of the system can be saved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of the communication 5G and the edge computing, specifically an edge computing method for a 5G ultra-dense networking scene. The basic thought of the invention is to provide the edge computing service for a cellular user of a microcell by placing a MEC sever at a small base station; and meanwhile, the cellular user can select the cloud computing service connected with a macro base station according to the feature of the to-be-executed task. The edge computing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the user can select the most suitable computing service, and the delay performance is improved.

A spectroscopic system for the analysis of small quantities of substances makes use for the purposes of energy transfer of cone-shaped aperture changers which are arranged in the object zone between the light source and the sample and, during absorption measurements, also between the sample and the inlet slot of a spectrometer. A microcell system is provided in the object space. The microcell system comprises a cylindrical cell tube with a hollow core for receiving a sample liquid. The cell tube and the sample liquid being adjustable with respect to the refractive index such that they act as a step waveguide for radiation, the sample liquid forming the core and the wall of the cell tube forming the sheath of the step waveguide.