247results about How to "Excessive heating" patented technology

A UV light irradiating apparatus for irradiating a semiconductor substrate with UV light includes: a reactor in which a substrate-supporting table is provided; a UV light irradiation unit connected to the reactor for irradiating a semiconductor substrate placed on the substrate-supporting table with UV light through a light transmission window; and a liquid layer forming channel disposed between the light transmission window and at least one UV lamp for forming a liquid layer through which the UV light is transmitted. The liquid layer is formed by a liquid flowing through the liquid layer forming channel.

A light fixture using LEDs includes a lower skin layer possessing heat transfer properties. A circuit board is affixed to the lower skin layer, and a single LED, or a plurality of LEDs, is electrically connected to the circuit board. The single LED, or plurality of LEDs, when electrically activated, emits light through substantially around a vertical axis. The light fixture also includes a core possessing heat transfer properties that is in thermal contact with the LED and has an interior cavity for the LED. The core is affixed to the lower skin layer, and an upper skin layer, containing a window or windows over the LED or LEDs, is affixed to the core. The LEDs may be white, infrared, ultraviolet, and / or colored and may be mounted on a printed circuit board or individually.

Described are methods of cultivating autotrophic microorganisms, particularly microalgae or diatoms, in a bioreactor by entraining a culture of the microorganisms in a tenuous, gelated, thixotrophic carrier medium having nutrients therefor and moving the medium along a passage at a sufficiently slow speed to enable laminar flow which in cross section is closed and which has transparent walls through which the culture is irradiated to enable photosynthesis. The method includes effecting convective turnover of the culture and medium as they flow along the passage by differentially heating the medium laterally relative to the flow direction so as to produce a generally helical flow of the culture and medium. Also described are processing methods, both physical and chemical, performed underground e.g. in drillholes, to utilise decavitation energy under ambient elevated pressures, including processes to implement lysis of the micro-organisms, producing methanol, syngas synthesis, Haber ammonia synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch reactions, supercritical reactions, dimethyl ether synthesis, and nitric acid synthesis.

Systems and methods to generate an inhalable vapor in an electronic vaporization device. Described herein are cartridges including a vaporizable material that may be securely connected to a rechargeable base unit.

Vaporizers apparatuses, including cartridges and vaporizers having elongate and flattened (anti-roll) bodies as well as fluid-level windows formed between the cartridge and the vaporizer in which the cartridge is mechanically coupled to the vaporizer.

Methods and apparatuses for discriminating between user blowing and drawing (sucking) in an electronic vaporization device. Described herein are electronic aerosol devices and methods of controlling or operating them which can accurately differentiate between blowing and drawing (sucking) through the mouthpiece and adjust the control of the vaporizer accordingly.

Various processes for heating semiconductor wafers is disclosed. In particular, the present invention is directed to configuring light sources emitting light energy onto a wafer in order to optimize absorption of the energy by the wafer. Optimization is carried out by varying the angle of incidence of the light energy contacting the wafer, using multiple wavelengths of light, and configuring the light energy such that it contacts the wafer in a particular polarized state. In one embodiment, the light energy can be emitted by a laser that is scanned over the surface of the wafer.

A cooling system has a diverter valve to selectively control the flow of coolant through an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block with a cooling jacket and a cylinder head mounted on the block with a cooling jacket. A controller, responsive to the temperature of the block and the head, controls the diverter valve and a water pump to provide adequate coolant flow through the head and the block as needed to maintain optimal operating temperatures. After the engine is shut off, the controller continues to operate the water pump and a cooling fan to continue to cool the engine for a period of time.

A multifunction power / data distribution system which consists of a cable system that provides power, data, and air cooling from a single wall outlet. Each device, has a single cable which brings power, data, and / or cooled air to that device. The system includes an appliance coupler assembly which may incorporate a fiber optics signal line, a coax cable, a cooled air supply line, and / or a telephone line. The data lines may be combined into a single high bandwidth line. Only a single cable is required to be run between the appliance coupler socket on the wall and an appliance, such as a PC, telephone, etc., to connect the appliance to an external power source, to a data network, to telephone network, or to a source of air cooling. The system provides for, and describes several types of, mating wall sockets and appliance end plugs.

A light control system having a full range of dimming for smart-glass by providing an interface between an off-the-shelf dimmer and a electrochromic glass device is disclosed herein. The light control system or electrochromic glass control device acts as an interface that converts an asymmetric alternating current (AC) power signal from the dimmer device into a symmetric, amplitude controlled AC output signal for controlling the tint of the smart-glass device. The electrochromic glass control device includes a powerline interface circuit that receives the asymmetric AC power signal from the dimmer. A controller connects to the powerline interface circuit to generate a control signal responsive to the asymmetric AC power signal. Connecting between the dimmer and the controller, an output stage generates the symmetrical AC output signal responsive to the control signal to control the electrochromic glass device.

An ultrasonic surgical system utilizes a digital control system to generate ultrasonic drive current for transducers that are located in a hand piece and are attached to a surgical scalpel or blade so as to vibrate the blade in response to the current. The digital control includes a digital signal processor (DSP) or microprocessor; a direct digital synthesis (DDS) device; a phase detection logic scheme, a control algorithm for seeking and maintaining resonance frequency; and design scheme that allows to regulate current, voltage, and power delivered to an ultrasonic device. The system allows the power versus load output curve to be tailored to a specific hand piece; the components of the digital system are much less sensitive to temperature variations; and the digital system provides increased flexibility in locating the resonance frequency of the blade and running diagnostic tests.

A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, such as after an engine cold start, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders having a first ignition timing, and a second group of cylinders having a second ignition timing more retarded than the first group. In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air / lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air / fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also can change to combusting all cylinders at substantially the same ignition timing under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

The heat reflecting arrangement with an improved high heat resistance, e.g. 100 hours at 500° C., includes a substrate, a heat reflecting layer (A) on at least one side of the substrate, which contains indium tin oxide (ITO), and a barrier layer (B) that covers the heat reflecting layer (A), which contains a metal oxide and / or a metal nitride. A fireplace or baking oven with a viewing window having this layer system with the heat reflecting layer is also described. In addition a process for providing the heat reflecting arrangement is described.

An improved two-piece assembly having a piston skirt and piston crown made from two different materials. The piston assembly attaching to a piston rod without the use of an external bore in the piston skirt.

Methods of fabricating a cartridge are provided. In some implementations, a method comprises forming a storage compartment having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, attaching a mouthpiece to the storage compartment at the second end, and attaching a heater at the first end. The storage compartment is configured to hold a vaporizable material. The heater comprises a heating element, a first plate positioned proximate to a first side of the storage compartment, and a second plate positioned proximate to a second side of the storage compartment. The first plate is coupled to the heating element and attached proximate to the first end, and the second plate is coupled to the heating element and attached proximate to the first end. The first plate and the second plate define a volume therebetween with at least a portion of the heating element disposed within the volume.

A light control system having a full range of dimming for smart-glass by providing an interface between an off-the-shelf dimmer and a electrochromic glass device is disclosed herein. The light control system or electrochromic glass control device acts as an interface that converts an asymmetric alternating current (AC) power signal from the dimmer device into a symmetric, amplitude controlled AC output signal for controlling the tint of the smart-glass device. The electrochromic glass control device includes a powerline interface circuit that receives the asymmetric AC power signal from the dimmer. A controller connects to the powerline interface circuit to generate a control signal responsive to the asymmetric AC power signal. Connecting between the dimmer and the controller, an output stage generates the symmetrical AC output signal responsive to the control signal to control the electrochromic glass device.

Vaporizers apparatuses, including cartridges and vaporizers having elongate and flattened (anti-roll) bodies as well as fluid-level windows formed between the cartridge and the vaporizer in which the cartridge is mechanically coupled to the vaporizer.

A self-sufficient material property profile regulation method and system, for adjusting fluid property profiles such as in an ocean of multiple property layers, is described. Using this Fluid Property Regulator, the property profiles of a non-enclosed material, including property profiles related to material density, chemical characteristics and space-time position, are affected due to motion of the material relative to a body in the flow stream. The state of other matter with which the initial material then makes direct or indirect contact is also affected. For example, in the case of a liquid such as an ocean current, the temperature, salinity, nutrient content and other properties may be destratified (i.e. layers being combined) as the system lifts large quantities of deep water and combines this material with surface water in the downstream far-field region of the system. The resulting regulation of such ocean water property profiles may then also indirectly affect the properties of the atmosphere above the ocean so that the system can be said to affect planetary properties both oceanic and atmospheric. Rather than merely discharging a pumped material, such as cold water that might quickly re-submerge, the system regulates lasting property profiles. The new Fluid Property Regulator system described in this invention regulates material properties to produce desired outcomes such as increased food and energy production as well as to prevent undesirable outcomes such as hurricanes, elevated planetary temperatures, decreased planetary ice sheet size, raised sea level and glacial freshwater incursions that can halt important major currents.

Methods and apparatuses for discriminating between user blowing and drawing (sucking) in an electronic vaporization device. Described herein are electronic aerosol devices and methods of controlling or operating them which can accurately differentiate between blowing and drawing (sucking) through the mouthpiece and adjust the control of the vaporizer accordingly.

A cooling system has a diverter valve to selectively control the flow of coolant through an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block with a cooling jacket and a cylinder head mounted on the block with a cooling jacket. A controller, responsive to the temperature of the block and the head, controls the diverter valve and a water pump to provide adequate coolant flow through the head and the block as needed to maintain optimal operating temperatures. After the engine is shut off, the controller continues to operate the water pump and a cooling fan to continue to cool the engine for a period of time.

A light fixture using LEDs includes a lower skin layer possessing heat transfer properties. A circuit board is affixed to the lower skin layer, and a single LED, or a plurality of LEDs, is electrically connected to the circuit board. The single LED, or plurality of LEDs, when electrically activated, emits light through substantially around a vertical axis. The light fixture also includes a core possessing heat transfer properties that is in thermal contact with the LED and has an interior cavity for the LED. The core is affixed to the lower skin layer, and an upper skin layer, containing a window or windows over the LED or LEDs, is affixed to the core. The LEDs may be white, infrared, ultraviolet, and / or colored and may be mounted on a printed circuit board or individually.

Vaporizer devices and apparatuses are provided. In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a cartridge and a vaporizer body. The cartridge comprises a storage compartment configured to hold a vaporizable material, a heater comprising a resistive heating element for generating an aerosol, and a mouthpiece comprising an opening for passage of the aerosol. The vaporizable material is visible through at least one side of the storage compartment. The vaporizer body comprises a proximal end, a distal end opposite the proximal end, and a cartridge receptacle at the proximal end, the cartridge receptacle configured to house the cartridge. The cartridge receptacle comprises a notch extending from the proximal end towards the distal end, and a portion of the storage compartment is visible through the notch when the cartridge is housed in the cartridge receptacle.

An image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material, including a heater, a holder for holding the heater, a rotating member rotating around the holder and being flexible and having a metal layer, and a pressure roller forming a nip with the heater across the rotating member, wherein the rotating member moves detaching from the pressure roller just after passing through a downstream end portion of a surface of the heater opposed to the pressure roller. Thus, an uneven heating of a toner image can be prevented even in a case where the recording material becomes undulated after passing the nip portion.

A strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size which can be used as a facade on both exterior and interior building walls. The foam glass tile of the present invention is strong enough that it can also be used as a structural member for a building. The foam glass tiles are very strong, and have a compression strength of 6000 psi (lb. / sq. in.) or greater, and more particularly of 8000 lb. / sq. in. or greater, and even more particularly of 10,000 lb. / sq. in. or greater, and even more particularly of 12,000 lb. / sq. in. or greater, and even more particularly of 14,000 lb. / sq. in. or greater. These foam glass tiles will absorb more energy from an explosion, withstand higher heat and wind loading and other mechanical forces. The tiles of the present invention may have an average pore size of 1.0 mm or less, and preferably 0.7 mm or less, and more preferably 0.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.4 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.3 mm or less. The density of the foam glass tile of the present invention is increased from the commercially recommended density of 9.5 lb. / cu. ft. to have a higher density of between 30-100 lb. / cu. ft., and more particularly greater than 40 lb. / cu. ft., and even more particularly greater than 50 lb. / cu. ft. and even more particularly greater than 60 lb.cu. ft. The weight of the foam glass tile of the present invention is over 10 lbs., and more particularly over 20 lbs., and even more particularly over 30 lbs., and more particularly 35 lbs. or greater, and even more particularly 40 lbs. or greater, and even more particularly 50 lbs. or greater, and even more particularly 65 lbs. or greater, and even more particularly 100 lbs. or greater. The tile of the present invention may also have a closed pore structure.

A tip-based computer controlled system for a dental delivery device is disclosed. The system automatically controls an operating characteristic such as power control or fluid flow based on tip identification and history. The operating characteristic may also be controlled in response to particular conditions throughout the dental procedure, such as (but not limited to) temperature, dental hygiene material, fluid type, etc. The system may provide an alert or shut off if unsafe conditions occur and / or error circumstances are detected. An operator interface is provided to configure the system and augment / override an executing control algorithm during a procedure. A method and a computer-readable storage medium are also disclosed.

Cartridges for generating an aerosol are provided. In some implementations, a cartridge comprises a body, a heating element, and a mouthpiece. The body includes a storage compartment configured to hold a vaporizable material and has a first end, a second end, and a surface between the first end and the second end. The mouthpiece is secured over the first end, has a notch extending away from the second end towards the first end, covers a first portion of the surface, does not cover a second portion of the surface configured for insertion into a cartridge receptacle of a vaporizer device, and does not cover a third portion of the surface comprising an area between the notch and the second end, the third portion of the surface being visible when the second portion of the surface is inserted into the cartridge receptacle.

A gutter and roof protection system 10 comprises a gutter cover 16; a plurality of brackets 18 for supporting the gutter cover over a gutter 12 attached to a roof 14 of a building; an elongated rigid channel 20 supported by the brackets; and a heating element 22 for placement in the channel. The heating element is connected to a suitable source of electricity so as to generate heat and melt snow and ice which accumulates on or near the gutter cover. The elongated channel retains the heating element and prevents it from moving, without the use of additional fasteners. The elongated channel also positions the heating element below the gutter cover so the channel and heating element do not impede the normal flow of water over the gutter cover or collect debris.

A radial flow heat exchanger for heating or cooling a fluid includes a sealed fluid manifold for passage of fluid. A sealed fluid receiving hub is spaced interiorly of the interior peripheral portion of the manifold and includes a passageway for passage of fluid into or out of the heat exchanger. A plurality of separate and spaced fluid flow tubes are disposed between the manifold and the hub. Each of the tubes are in sealed fluid communication with the manifold at one end and the other end is in sealed fluid communication with the hub. A fin assembly is positioned between the manifold and the hub and includes a heat conducting material arranged at spaced intervals between the manifold and the hub, the heat conducting material including a plurality of spaced apertures through which tubes pass. The heat conducting material is in intimate heat conducting contact with the tubes whereby fluid flowing between the manifold and the hub flows into each of the tubes in a radial direction between the manifold and the hub and wherein the heat conducting material of the fin assembly operates to give up or pick up heat from the fluid through the wall of the tubes.