279 results about "Beam divergence" patented technology

A technique for acquiring and tracking terminals in a free-space laser communication system involves exchanging beacon laser beams between the terminals to acquire and then track the terminals such that data laser beams exchanged by the terminals for communication are steered based on feedback from detection of the beacon laser beams. The beacon laser beams used for acquisition have a greater beam divergence than those used for tracking. Gimbals provide coarse steering of the data laser beams, and steering mirrors provide fine steering. GPS position data exchanged via an RF link can be used for initial pointing of the beacon laser beams for acquisition. The beacon laser beams can be chopped such that all terminals can use the same beacon wavelength and are distinguished by using different chopping frequencies. By detecting a chopped signal, the position sensor detector can be AC coupled to reduce sensitivity to solar radiation and glint.

A high data rate communication system operating at frequencies greater than 70 MHz and at data rates of about 1.25 Gbps or greater. Preferred embodiments include modulators with a resonant LC circuit including a diode which is back-biased for "off" (i.e., no transmit) and forward biased for "on" (or transmit). The modulator is a part of high performance transceivers for wireless, millimeter wave communications links. A preferred embodiment provides a communication link of more than eight miles which operates within the 71 to 76 GHz portion of the millimeter spectrum and provides data transmission rates of 1.25 Gbps with bit error rates of less than 10<-10 >. A first transceiver transmits at a first bandwidth and receives at a second bandwidth both within the above spectral range. A second transceiver transmits at the second bandwidth and receives at the first bandwidth. The transceivers are equipped with antennas providing beam divergence small enough to ensure efficient spatial and directional partitioning of the data channels so that an almost unlimited number of transceivers will be able to simultaneously use the same spectrum. In a preferred embodiment the first and second spectral ranges are 71.8+/-0.63 GHz and 73.8+/-0.63 GHz and the half power beam width is about 0.2 degrees or less. Preferably, a backup transceiver set is provided which would take over the link in the event of very bad weather conditions. In other embodiments especially useful for mobile applications at least one of the transceivers include a GPS locator.

Method/system locate external articles using source, detector (PSD), entrance aperture, and magnifying/reducing afocal element—expanding FOR>90°, or refining precision. Between (1) source or detector and (2) aperture, at least one plural-axis-rotatable mirror addresses source/detector throughout FOR. ½- to 15-centimeter mirror enables ˜25 to ˜45 μradian beam divergence. Aperture, afocal element, and mirror(s) define source-detector path. Mirror(s) rotate in refractory- (or air/magnetic-) bearing mount; or mirror array. Auxiliary optics illuminate mirror back, monitoring return to measure (null-balance feedback) angle. To optimize imaging, auxiliary radiation propagates via splitters toward array (paralleling measurement paths), then focusing on imaging detector. Focal quality is developed as a PSF, optimized vs. angle; stored results later recover optima. Mirror drive uses magnet(s) on mirror(s). “Piston” motion yields in-phase wavefronts, so array dimensions set diffraction limit. Also: destructive reply; scaling optimizes acceleration vs. thickness; passive systems.

A method of modifying or treating biological tissue by microperforating hard tissue is disclosed. The method comprises identifying a target area associated with the hard tissue, using a laser beam to perforate at least one incision in the hard tissue, wherein at least one incision has a diameter from a range of 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm and an aspect ratio from a range of 1 to 100 times, introducing a treatment substance into the incision, and causing the treatment substance to interact with the target area. Also a device for microperforating hard biological tissue is disclosed, comprising a laser pump system and a laser head coupled to the laser pump system for generating a pulsed laser having ranges of wavelengths, a pulse duration, pulse energy from a selected range, a beam divergence factor less than 5, a repetition rate higher than 50 Hz; and a beam delivery system comprised of a focusing system for creating a beam having a diameter from a range of 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm.

An LED module that includes an LED (light-emitting diode) (1) and a rotationally symmetrical, bowl-shaped collimator lens (2) is provided. The collimator lens has an inner refractive wall (9), an outer reflective wall (7), a first surface (8) having an entrance aperture (3) with a recess (4) in which the LED is situated and which collimator lens is also provided with a second surface (10) from which light generated by the LED emerges, the normal to the surface extending substantially parallel to the axis of symmetry of the lens, and the LED module also includes one or more of the following structures : (1) a conic wall portion of the recess (4) of the inner refractive wall (9) at the entrance aperture (3) that includes a curved portion (9'), and an outer reflective wall (7) so configured in accordance with the structure of the inner refractive wall (9) to achieve substantial collimation of a source of light (1) at the entrance aperture; and/or (2) a first surface (8) of the lens (2) that is recessed away from the LED source (1); and/or (3) two surfaces (8), (11) of said refractive wall (9) between which the refractive function of said refractive wall (9) is divided. The LED module offers an improvement in the performance of the Flat top Tulip Collimator known in terms of reduced size, beam divergence, beam uniformity, and to some degree efficiency. Moreover, it allows a wider variety of choices in optimizing various performance characteristics, and this in turn allows more flexibility in the structure design.

The present invention is a method to enhance accuracy of irradiation with beam for an irradiation system with a beam. The irradiation system comprises a beam generation source, a mass analysis device, a beam transformer, a scanner which swings the beam reciprocally with high speed, a beam parallelizing device, an acceleration/deceleration device, an energy filtering device, and beam monitors. The beam transformer comprises a vertically focusing synchronized quadrupole electromagnet syQD and a horizontally focusing synchronized quadrupole electromagnet syQF. Consequently, it is possible to correct at least one of a deviation in beam divergence angle and a deviation in beam size within a range between a center trajectory and an outer trajectory after swinging of the beam by the scanner.

A photodisruptive laser delivery system and method for use in eye surgery. The photo disruptive laser delivered in pulses in the range of <10000 femtoseconds, used to create incisions in eye tissue is delivered by novel means to minimize optical aberrations without the use of a complex system of multiply precisely arranged lenses. This novel means include a scanning design that allows the focusing lens to always remain under normal incidence to the photodisruptive laser beam, negating the need for overly complex aberration correction set up. The focusing lens is configured to move within a surrounding beam to facilitate two dimensional controls over the treatment space. Controlling beam divergence prior to focusing allows for 3D incisions. The system and methods of use accomplish precise treatment without the need to contact the patient and can be integrated into standard surgical microscopes to improve operational efficiency and hospital workflow.

The invention provides an embedded type laser beam quality measuring device, which comprises an optical unit (1), a mechanical unit (2) and an electronics unit (3). The embedded type laser beam quality measuring device images laser faculae by using a camera 45, controls and samples laser faculae information of a plurality of positions by a digital signal processor 42; an embedded process ARM 11 41runs software 69 of the embedded type laser beam quality measuring device to perform laser faculae image processing and calculate a beam quality factor M<2>, a beam-width product, a beam-waist radiusW and an far-field beam divergence angle theta; and the measurement accuracy of the laser beam quality reaches +/- 6 percent. The embedded type laser beam quality measuring device has the advantagesof having small volume and convenient use, and avoiding a personal computer in work.

The invention is a laser beam divergence angle testing method based on the micro-lens array, and the invention belongs to the optical field, specifically relating to the laser beam divergence angle testing method. It overcomes the existing deficiencies of the existing beam scattered angle method with larger measurement error and less measurement real-time feature. It includes the following steps: the measured beam is incidence to the telescope system, matching the output beam diameter and the micro-lens array shape, and the micro-lens array contains mXn matrix sub-lens; using micro-lens array to divide the measured beam into the sub-beams, and through CCD to detect the launch angle of each sub-beam, and through statistical method to calculate the measured beam divergence angle, the measurement accuracy reaching 0.1mu rad. Because this method does not require the measurement light spot diameter, it avoids the problem that the light spot diameter is difficult to be accurately measured. This method in the invention is only measuring in the one position of the optical path; therefore the method can facilitate to realize the real-time measurement of the beam divergence angle.

This invention relates to a method for setting up laser links between a low orbit satellite and the ground station, after the satellite and ground terminals enter into the link sphere, they aim roughly first, the ground terminal emits a capture beacon light and its beam divergence angle is at least in the uncertainty sphere of its communication terminal, the satellite terminal carries out capture and scan from inside to outside in the mode of screw in the uncertainty sphere and sends back a response signal to the ground and enters into the track state when it captures the beacon light and the ground terminal captures the response light signals and enters into the track state to set up the laser link, which applies a single-way scanning to replace the ordinary two-way.

The invention discloses a laser communication capturing and tracking system. A variable-focus liquid crystal lens is combined with a liquid crystal optical phased array and a liquid crystal optical wedge; the receiving powers of a coarse capturing detection module and a fine tracking detection module are detected in real time in a process of capturing and tracking space laser communication; according to change of the optical receiving power, the variable-focus liquid crystal lens dynamically controls the beam-divergence angle of a laser communication system; the beam-divergence angle is self-adaptively controlled in the capturing and tracking process; and the capturing time can be effectively increased while the tracking precision is ensured. Based on the laser communication capturing and tracking system disclosed by the invention, the invention further provides a capturing and tracking method for self-adaptively controlling the beam-divergence angle of the liquid crystal optical phased array; and a laser communication link is established through respective laser communication capturing and tracking systems of two communication sides.

Apparatus for shaping an optical beam bundle carrying a plurality of substantially parallel optical beams disposed in a common plane of travel. First reflective facets and second reflective facets are provided, the first reflective facets being oriented so as to deflect the optical beams of the bundle into a plurality of intermediate, substantially non-parallel optical beams. Each of the second reflective facets is spatially disposed so as to receive a respective one of the intermediate optical beams at a different respective distance from the plane of travel of the optical beam bundle. Also, the second reflective facets are oriented so as to deflect the intermediate optical beams into a bundle of substantially parallel output optical beams. In this way, the output beam can be more adapted for a particular application. In certain cases, this also achieves increased brightness of a laser beam through reduced output beam divergence and/or total cross-sectional area.

Disclosed is an illumination optical apparatus that can enlarge a beam divergence angle. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the illumination optical apparatus can include a light source, emitting a beam of light in a predetermined direction at a beam output point; a ball lens, arranged in a forward direction of the beam of light emitted from the light source; and a condensing lens group, condensing the beam of light which has passed through the ball lens on a predetermined point. With the present invention, the size and the volume of the illumination optical apparatus can be reduced by enlarging the beam divergence angle by further including a ball lens.

The invention relates to vehicle-borne scanning semiconductor laser early-warning radar used on a vehicle to detect and calculate the distance and angle of an obstacle ahead and to perform related data processing and warning, and a method for detecting obstacles by the vehicle-borne scanning semiconductor laser early-warning radar. A central line of a receiving optical axis is parallel with a central line of a transmitting optical axis of a laser transmitting antenna sleeve, laser receiving field angle is guaranteed to be approximate to laser transmitting beam divergence angle in design, objective diameter of an laser transmitting antenna is approximate to that of a laser receiving antenna, and accordingly signal attenuation is relieved, the size and weight of equipment is reduced, operational noise of the equipment is lowered, optical axis calibrating process is simpler, product reliability is better, production cost is lower and batch production is facilitated. By the use of the method for detecting obstacles by the vehicle-borne scanning semiconductor laser early-warning radar, information data processing is faster and more accurate and warning is timely.

The invention discloses a laser pulse distance measuring method for correcting a measurement error by utilizing received signal width. The method comprises the following steps that a pulse laser is adopted for a light source, a driving circuit drives the laser to emit narrow-pulse-width laser pulses, and the laser pulses are emitted at a certain beam-divergence angle after being shaped by a transmitting optical system. Target echo signals are converged on the photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector through a receiving optical system to achieve photoelectric conversion. Electric signals are converted into digital signals after being preprocessed. An FPGA phase-shifting clock is used for carrying out high-speed sampling on echoes, and the time delay and the receiving signal widthof the reflected echoes are measured. A data table is made according to the relation curve of actually measured received signal width and the delay compensation amount. A distance measuring machine isused for obtaining time identification errors so as to correct a distance measuring result through a table look-up mode according to the leading edge time and the received signal width measured by the FPGA. According to the invention, higher distance measuring precision can be realized, and the method has a good application prospect in the relevant field of laser distance measuring.

Apparatus for frequency conversion of light, the apparatus comprises: a light-emitting device for emitting a light having a first frequency, the light-emitting device being an edge-emitting semiconductor light-emitting diode having an extended waveguide selected such that a fundamental transverse mode of the extended waveguide is characterized by a low beam divergence. The apparatus further comprises a light-reflector, constructed and designed so that the light passes a plurality of times through an external cavity, defined between the light-emitting device and the light-reflector, and provides a feedback for generating a laser light having the first frequency. The apparatus further comprises a non-linear optical crystal positioned in the external cavity and selected so that when the laser light having the first frequency passes a plurality of times through the non-linear optical crystal, the first frequency is converted to a second frequency being different from the first frequency.

A method is provided to measure the coaxiality between a laser emission shaft and a mechanical reference surface based on a secondary light source. The invention relates to the measurement field and solves the problem that no method is available for accurately measuring the included angle between the laser emission shaft and the mechanical reference surface in an optical test system with small beam divergence angle and strict requirement for pointing control accuracy. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly detecting emergent light spots of a laser emission system to be measured; then installing a porous light diaphragm; installing the secondary light source for the detection of reflected light spots; and finally calculating the directional angular deviation and the pitch angle deviation. Based on the secondary light source and a beam splitting system, the invention can increase the measurement accuracy up to 0.1 Mu rad by focal plane imaging method, and also can prevent the minimal measurement range being limited by the size of light spots.