The invention discloses an extendable embedded type device for fixing and recovering a microseismic sensor and method of using the same. The device comprises three parts of a protective cover, a connecting sleeve, an extendable supporting and fixing structure. The protective cover is composed of a fit cone, a fixing shaft and a cover wall with a mesh. Two ends of the connecting sleeve are respectively provided with internal and external threads. The extendable supporting and fixing structure is composed of a supporting shaft, a connecting ring, a "skeleton", a limit bolt, a limit groove, a supporting pipe, an elastic rod, an elastic cap with a baffle and an elastic shaft. The fit cone at one end of the protective cover is in close contact with coal. A microseismic sensor is located in the protective cover and fixed on the fixing shaft of the protective cover. The other end of the protective cover is connected with one end of the connecting sleeve through the internal thread. The other end of the connecting sleeve is connected with the supporting shaft of the fixing structure through the internal thread. The elastic cap with the baffle is screwed on, the elastic rod is supported tightly, and the supporting pipe is pushed to enable the "skeleton" to open so that the entire device is embedded, supported and fixed into the coal of a drilling hole. In the recovery, the elastic cap is screwed off, the supporting pipe is pulled to enable the "skeleton" structure to close, and the elastic rod, the connecting sleeve, the protective cover and the senor are removed in sequence.