The invention provides a laser cleaning system for a rubber module, and the laser cleaning system comprises a laser cleaning head and a laser control system, wherein the laser cleaning head comprises a laser device and a beam expander, a scanning galvanometer is arranged in the output light direction of the beam expander, a focusing lens is arranged on the reflecting light path of the scanning galvanometer, and the light path output end of the focusing lens is used for cleaning articles; the laser device comprises a total reflector, an acousto-optic Q-switch, a semiconductor pumping module and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged on the light path; and the light-emitting switch of the laser device, the Q-switching drive module of the acousto-optic Q-switch, the power supply of the semiconductor pumping module, and the drive unit of the scanning galvanometer are controlled by a laser control system respectively. According to the invention, the semiconductor pumping solid pulse laser device is adopted and integrated on a cleaning machining head, the output power of laser is increased by means of acousto-optic Q-switching, and the coupling loss caused by optical fibre transmission is avoided, so that portable-type machining in a handheld mode or a manipulator clamping mode can be realized, and efficient cleaning for the rubber module can be finished.