In some embodiments provided herein is a generative foundation model trained over millions of health
system-scale electronic health records along with web-scale medical text corpora to acquire knowledge of both medical practices and theories, and use of the
generative model for
rare disease diagnosis (including rare ophthalmic, diseases and rare systemic diseases),
emergency condition identification (including ophthalmic emergencies and systemic emergencies),
complex disease solving ("diagnostic puzzles"), or generating multimodal
medical imaging reports (including ophthalmic images and
radiology images such as X-rays and CT scans). In some embodiments, the
generative model involves the use of language data, for pre-training, language data for supervised finetuning using a instruction tuning approach (e.g., QA pairs), and a human-
machine hybrid evaluation strategy. In some embodiments, both the pre-training and supervised finetuning phases involve the use of a particular method of scaling to extend the
context window. In some embodiments, the human-
machine hybrid evaluation strategy involves language data for automated evaluations, as well as evaluations by generalists and by different specialists (e.g., ophthalmologists and radiologists) of varying levels of experience. In some embodiments, the generative foundation model, MetaGP, is used for unmet clinical needs through integration of medical and
multimodal imaging data.