406 results about "Prussian blue" patented technology

The invention discloses a Prussian blue type composite positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and the Prussian blue type composite positive electrode material provided by the invention is composite powder containing a Prussian blue type positive electrode material, a conductive agent, a binder and a functional additive, the mass ratio of the Prussian blue positive electrode material to the conductive agent to the binder to the functional additive is (90-99): (1-5): (0-5): (0-0.5). According to the Prussian blue composite positive electrode material provided by the invention, the components are uniformly distributed, the Prussian blue composite positive electrode material has the characteristics of high compaction, easy dispersion, relapse resistance, high conductivity and the like, and the Prussian blue composite positive electrode material can be directly used for wet homogenization and can also be directly used for dry electrode manufacturing.

The invention relates to ultra-small prussian blue nano-particles (T-USPB-C) carrying tirofian, a preparation method of the nano-particles and application of the nano-particles in preparation of drugs for reducing MVO and MIRI. According to the preparation method, the T-USPB-C is prepared by three steps. The T-USPB-C provided by the invention can carry tirofiban, and has catalase and superoxide dismutase simulated nano-enzyme activity. Moreover, the size of the nano-scale drug is required to reach a nano-scale size, and the drug can be efficiently cleared through kidney excretion, so that the potential long-term toxicity problem is minimized. The ultra-small prussian blue nanoparticle carrying the tirofian has an excellent active oxygen scavenging capability. Microvascular perfusion can be rapidly improved through the antithrombotic effect, then the protection effect is continuously achieved through the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory mechanism, and microvascular injury and MIRI are effectively prevented.

The invention discloses a method for detecting glucose on the basis of cascade catalysis of cerium dioxide / gold nano cluster-Prussian blue nano enzyme (AuNCs-CeO-HMPB). The material is prepared by compounding cerium dioxide (CeO) with similar glucose oxidase activity and hollow Prussian blue nanoparticles (AuNCs-HMPB) modified by gold nanoclusters with similar peroxidase activity through a hydrothermal assembly method. In the presence of glucose, CeO catalyzes oxidation of glucose to generate gluconic acid and H2O2, then AuNCs-HMPB synergistically catalyzes decomposition of newly generated H2O2 to generate high active oxygen species, further a colorless 3, 3 ', 5, 5'-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) color developing agent is oxidized to generate obvious color change, and based on the cascade catalytic reaction, the enzyme-free glucose colorimetric sensor is successfully constructed. The sensor shows excellent detection performance on glucose under optimized conditions (pH = 4.0, 50 DEG C), the linear detection range is 10.00-90.00 [mu] mol / L, and the detection limit is 2.1 [mu] mol / L (S / N = 3).

The invention relates to a method for rapidly preparing a negative electrode of a lithium and sodium ion battery from a waste sodium electrode plate. Comprising the following steps: (1) respectively disassembling a Prussian blue positive pole piece, a hard carbon negative pole piece and a diaphragm in a sodium-electricity waste soft package, and soaking in deionized water; (2) respectively standing the solution obtained in the step (1), centrifuging, and drying in a blast oven; (3) directly tabletting the Prussian blue positive electrode powder dried in the step (2) and a diaphragm, preparing a slurry from the hard carbon negative electrode powder and sodium alginate with the concentration of 2% according to a ratio of 98: 2, and drying in a vacuum oven at 90 DEG C for 12 hours; the problem that the waste soft package of the sodium battery is difficult to recycle is solved. The obtained negative electrode material realizes electrochemical performance close to that of a fresh negative electrode under the carbonization of a rapid Joule heat means.

The invention provides a rubidium and cesium adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a doped and modified Prussian blue analogue, wherein the Prussian blue analogue comprises a Prussian blue matrix material and a transition metal doping element doped in the Prussian blue matrix material; granulating a mixed material containing the doped and modified prussian blue analogue and a granulating agent to obtain a rubidium and cesium adsorbent precursor; a mixed reaction system containing the rubidium and cesium adsorbent precursor and a surface modifier are subjected to a reaction, the surface modifier contains one or more functional structures of an amino group, a sulfonic group, a carboxyl group, a sulfydryl group, an acryloyloxy group, an epoxy group, a crown ether structure and a calixarene structure, and therefore the rubidium and cesium adsorbent is obtained. Through a multi-aspect synergistic strategy of transition metal doping, granulation and surface modification, the prepared rubidium and cesium adsorbent has good stability and high adsorption capacity, and has strong selectivity to Cs < + > / Rb < + >.

The invention discloses a spherical Prussian blue material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: enabling a mixed reaction system containing soluble transition metal hexacyanoid salt, soluble transition metal salt, a complexing agent, soluble sodium salt, a surfactant and a carbon sphere precursor to react, and then selectively performing or not performing aging treatment to prepare the spherical Prussian blue material. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the spherical Prussian blue material is obtained by regulating and controlling the reaction raw materials and the reaction steps, so that the rate capability and the cycle stability of the Prussian blue material are improved, and the problem that the compaction density and the compaction density are reduced due to the fact that the rate capability of a Prussian blue cube is improved due to carbon coating is solved.

The invention discloses manganese-based Prussian blue-polyacrylic acid / polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis. Monodisperse manganese-based Prussian blue nanoparticles synthesized by taking polyacrylic acid as a template are stably immobilized in a polyacrylic acid / polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel matrix. The obtained composite hydrogel membrane has the following prominent advantages: the composite hydrogel membrane has excellent hydrogel characteristics, including controllable membrane thickness, good tissue adhesion and air permeability; reliable biocompatibility and safety are shown; allergen permeation is effectively blocked through a physical barrier effect; prussian blue is continuously released in the slow-release degradation process, active oxygen free radicals are remarkably removed, and the powerful anti-inflammatory effect is achieved. Due to the synergistic effect of double mechanisms of protection and treatment, the material has important clinical application value and development potential in the fields of prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

The invention relates to a fluorescently-labeled Prussian blue nano-particle as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the fluorescently-labeled Prussian blue nano-particle is prepared, and a carboxyl functional group is reserved on the surface of the nano-particle and is used for being subsequently coupled with an antigen or antibody molecule through a covalent bond. The nano material can provide colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode detection functions, is beneficial to enhancing the detection sensitivity of an immunochromatography technology, and meanwhile, retains the detection convenience. The material is simple in preparation method, low in cost and easy for large-scale production and application.

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte additives, and discloses a Prussian-blue-like additive for a vanadium electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application of the Prussian-blue-like additive. Comprising the following steps: dissolving a first metal source, a second metal source and a structure stabilizer in an acid solution, and carrying out uniform dispersion treatment to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid I; dissolving ferrous cyanide salt and organic phosphonate in deionized water, and carrying out uniform dispersion treatment to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid II; performing continuous ultrasonic treatment on the uniform dispersion liquid II, and dropwise adding the uniform dispersion liquid I into the uniform dispersion liquid II to obtain a prussian blue-like precursor liquid; and carrying out heat treatment on the Prussian blue-like precursor solution to obtain the Prussian blue-like additive for the vanadium electrolyte. And the material can be used as an all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte additive to effectively improve the discharge capacity and the capacity retention ratio of the battery.

The invention relates to an iron-based Prussian blue positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, the molecular formula of the iron-based Prussian blue positive electrode material is as follows: 0 < x < = 2, 0 < y < = 1, 0 < z < = 1, the iron-based Prussian blue positive electrode material is a hollow porous sphere structure formed by stacking cubic nanoparticles, the average particle size of the hollow porous sphere structure is 0.3-8 [mu] m, and the average particle size of the hollow porous sphere structure is 0.5-8 [mu] m. And the wall thickness of the hollow porous ball structure is 0.08 mu m-2 mu m. When the iron-based Prussian blue positive electrode material is used as a sodium ion battery positive electrode material, the iron-based Prussian blue positive electrode material has excellent rate capability and cycle performance.

This present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, and particularly to a composite solid electrolyte, along with its methods of preparation and application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing PEO, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and acetonitrile, subsequently adding the Prussian blue analogues, followed by stirring and ultrasonicating to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is then formed into the composite solid electrolyte using the electrospinning technique. This present disclosure utilizes the Prussian blue analogues with a three-dimensional nanochannel structure and high specific surface area as a raw material. After preparation of the composite solid electrolyte, the pores of the composite solid electrolyte are larger and uniformly distributed, and the special pore structure establishes more stable and efficient ion transport channels, enabling smoother ion conduction and leading to enhanced electrochemical performance.

The invention provides a high-entropy Prussian blue material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of electrochemical material preparation and energy. The preparation method of the high-entropy Prussian blue material comprises the following steps: mixing a cobalt source, a nickel source, a copper source, a manganese source, a zinc source, an organic reducing compound and a first dispersing agent to obtain a first mixture; the molar ratio of the cobalt source to the nickel source to the copper source to the manganese source to the zinc source is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1; mixing the ferricyanide compound with a second dispersing agent to obtain a second mixture; and sequentially stirring and standing the first mixture and the second mixture to obtain the high-entropy Prussian blue material. The high-entropy Prussian blue material prepared by the method is stable in morphology, high in crystallinity and high in chemical stability, and can be applied to the field of electrochemical energy storage.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a composite solid electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing polyoxyethylene, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and acetonitrile, then adding a Prussian blue analogue, stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution; and preparing the mixed solution into the composite solid electrolyte by adopting an electrostatic spinning mode. According to the invention, the Prussian blue analogue with a three-dimensional nanopore structure and a high specific surface area is selected as a raw material, and after the composite solid electrolyte is prepared, the pores of the composite solid electrolyte are relatively large and are uniformly distributed. The special pore structure constructs a more stable and more efficient ion conduction channel, so that the ion conduction is smoother, and the electrochemical performance is improved.

The invention discloses a Prussian blue analogue carbon microsphere as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The Prussian blue analogue carbon microspheres are prepared by the following steps: S1, dispersing spherical silicon dioxide, transition metal salt, citrate and a dispersing agent in a solvent, uniformly stirring, then adding ferrocyanide for coordination reaction, and after the reaction, carrying out acid washing with a strong acid solution until coordination metal is completely removed, so as to obtain precursor powder; s2, calcining the precursor powder to obtain a carbon microsphere precursor; and S3, etching the carbon microsphere precursor until the spherical silicon dioxide is completely removed to obtain the Prussian blue analogue carbon microsphere. The average particle size of the spherical silicon dioxide is 7-100 nm. The Prussian blue analogue carbon microspheres prepared by the method can be used as a functional additive to be applied to a carbon-coated aluminum foil, so that the conductivity of the carbon-coated aluminum foil is improved.

A Prussian blue sodium-ion battery and its preparation method are disclosed, belonging to the field of sodium-ion battery technology. The specific solution is as follows: A Prussian blue sodium-ion battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer on the surface of the current collector containing positive active material. The water content of the positive active material layer is 0-90 μg / g. Only a portion of the voltage plateau of the positive active material functions during battery charging and discharging. This invention fundamentally solves the problem of battery swelling and electrical performance degradation caused by water in the positive active material. Furthermore, by controlling the insertion / extraction depth of sodium ions in the Prussian blue positive electrode material, the damage caused to the structure of the Prussian blue positive electrode material by deep insertion / extraction of sodium ions during battery charging and discharging is reduced, thereby achieving long-cycle performance of the sodium-ion battery while maintaining a high specific capacity of the Prussian blue positive electrode material.

This invention belongs to the field of biochemical detection and discloses a portable hepatitis biomarker detection kit. The kit contains a hydrogel; the hydrogel is obtained by dispersing hollow manganese dioxide in water to obtain an H-MnO2 dispersion, mixing the H-MnO2 dispersion with sodium alginate solution to obtain a mixed solution, and then adding a calcium salt solution to obtain the hydrogel. The hollow manganese dioxide is obtained by etching manganese Prussian blue analog nanoparticles with sodium hydroxide. The manganese Prussian blue analog nanoparticles are prepared from potassium ferricyanide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and manganese salts. This invention utilizes the color change of hollow manganese dioxide in relation to TMB to construct a method for detecting hepatitis biomarkers using a smartphone to capture signals. This kit reduces the detection cost of hepatitis biomarkers, does not require large instruments, and is highly portable and widely applicable, possessing great potential as a novel point-of-care testing device.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a Prussian blue sodium battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that anhydrous sodium ferrocyanide, anhydrous manganese sulfate and a NaA molecular sieve are mixed and preliminarily ground, and a precursor mixture is obtained; placing the precursor mixture in a planetary ball mill for ball milling to obtain a primary reaction product; and washing the preliminary reaction product, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the Prussian blue sodium battery positive electrode material. The method is low in material loss and short in generation period, and the prepared Prussian blue sodium battery positive electrode material is low in crystal water content and has good cycle stability.

The invention provides a colorful Prussian blue film as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a conductive material coated with a metal layer on the surface in a Prussian blue precursor solution, and growing a Prussian blue film layer on the surface of the metal layer in situ to obtain a Prussian blue film layer-metal layer-conductive material layer complex, namely the colorful Prussian blue film. The invention provides a colorful Prussian blue film which is characterized in that a metal layer is sputtered on the surface of conductive glass, on one hand, the problem of poor adhesion between Prussian blue and the conductive glass is solved, and on the other hand, Prussian blue grows on the surface of the metal layer in situ, so that a potential difference is formed between metal and iron ions, and the Prussian blue film is obtained. Further, prussian blue grows on the surface of the metal layer layer by layer, the multi-color film can be constructed by utilizing different thicknesses of the prussian blue layer, and the color of the multi-color film can be changed under the driving of voltage, so that the color gamut of the multi-color film is further enriched; the technical scheme provided by the invention has universality, and the preparation method is simple, low in cost and wide in application prospect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of pyruvic acid biological detection, and relates to a pyruvic acid sensing chip of a Prussian blue nano frame / gold nano composite material. The method comprises the following steps: adding soluble metal salt containing ferricyanide ions into water; the method comprises the following steps: adding soluble ferric salt and a complexing agent into water, mixing, and carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction to obtain PB powder; adding PB powder into ethanol, adding ammonia water for reaction, mixing with conductive carbon paste to obtain nano printing paste, and printing the printing paste on a substrate to form a working electrode; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a working electrode, drying the working electrode, placing the working electrode in a chloroauric acid solution for constant potential electrodeposition, mixing a PBS solution of pyruvate oxidase, a polylysine solution and an EDC solution, dropwise adding the mixture on the surface of the working electrode, and drying to obtain the pyruvic acid sensing chip. The obtained pyruvic acid sensor can reach the sensitivity of 50.42 [mu] A.mM <-1 >. Cm <-2 >, and is simple in preparation process and relatively low in cost.

The present disclosure provides Prussian blue cathode material and preparation method therefor, cathode sheet and sodium-ion battery. The Prussian blue cathode material includes a Prussian blue compound, and the Prussian blue compound has a general chemical formula of NaxFe[Fe(CN)6]y·nH2O. The Prussian blue cathode material provided by the present disclosure has a simple synthesis method and a low raw material cost, and when applied to a sodium-ion battery, is conducive to improving the performance of the sodium-ion battery in terms of specific capacity, coulomb efficiency, rate performance and long cycle stability, etc.

The invention discloses a lanthanide-doped Prussian blue positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving sodium ferrocyanide and lanthanide metal salt to obtain a mixed solution; and under a protective atmosphere, dropwise adding the mixed solution into a mixed chelating agent salt solution through a peristaltic pump, and reacting to obtain the lanthanide-doped Prussian blue positive electrode material. The lanthanide metal in the lanthanide-doped Prussian blue positive electrode material occupies the Na site, the single iron source coprecipitation method is adopted for synthesis, the process concentration is uniform, the synthesized positive electrode material has fewer defects, the material structure is stable, the rate capability is excellent, the specific capacity is high, and the application prospect is very good.

The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorption material preparation, and relates to an anion defect type prussian blue analogue and a preparation method and application thereof in cesium adsorption.The preparation method comprises the steps that imidazole and halogenated alkane are subjected to an alkylation reaction and anion exchange to prepare ionic liquid, and after water is added, an ionic liquid-water mixed solvent is obtained; the method comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving transition metal nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide into an ionic liquid-water mixed solvent, dropwise adding a potassium ferrocyanide solution into a transition metal nitrate solution, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the mixed solution, cooling to room temperature, washing the material, and drying to obtain the anion defect type prussian blue analogue. The cesium ion adsorption capacity and the cesium ion cycling stability are improved by precisely regulating and controlling anion defects in the Prussian blue analogue, and the cesium ion adsorption material has good ion interference resistance in a complex water environment and shows excellent adsorption selectivity and a wide application range.

The application relates to the technical field of positive electrode materials, and particularly discloses a method for improving the crystallinity of Prussian blue, Prussian blue, a positive electrode material and a battery. The method for improving the crystallinity of Prussian blue comprises the following steps: mixing a low-crystallinity Prussian blue and its analogues, an aqueous solution of an alcohol compound, hexacyanoferrate (II) and a reducing substance to obtain a reaction solution; reacting the reaction solution at a temperature of 40-80 DEG C to prepare solid precipitates; and washing and drying the prepared solid precipitates to obtain high-crystallinity Prussian blue. The method utilizes a reducing environment, an aqueous solution of an alcohol compound and high-concentration Fe(CN)6 4‑ to promote the separation of crystal water in the material structure from the crystal coordination, Fe(CN)6 4‑ to enter the structure and combine with M (M=Fe, Mn, etc.) in the Prussian blue and its analogues, thereby reducing the vacancy and crystal water content in the structure. The crystallinity of the Prussian blue and its analogues is improved.

This invention discloses a method for preparing size-tunable porous Mn / Fe-based Prussian blue nanomaterials and their applications. This invention utilizes ion doping to prepare a series of uniformly tunable Prussian blue nanoporous materials by adjusting the ratio of Mn / Fe ions. The Prussian blue nanoporous materials prepared by this invention can activate H₂O₂ and rapidly degrade a 20 ppm ciprofloxacin solution within 20 min, exhibiting good cycling performance. This invention provides a simple one-step method for preparing size-tunable porous Mn / Fe-based Prussian blue nanomaterials, characterized by high economic efficiency and a simple preparation process, resulting in significant economic and environmental benefits.

The invention discloses a surface coating modification method of a Prussian blue analogue sodium ion battery positive electrode material, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a precursor solution; S2, pretreating a substrate; S3, carrying out in-situ non-hydrolytic sol-gel coating: dropwise adding a mixed solution obtained in the S1 into a dispersion liquid obtained in the S2, carrying out a stirring reaction in an inert atmosphere, and carrying out in-situ non-hydrolytic sol-gel coating to obtain the Prussian blue analogue sodium ion battery positive electrode material. The reaction temperature is controlled to be 50-80 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours; and S4, heat treatment forming is conducted, and the modified PBA material with the surface coated with the aluminum-zirconium composite oxide layer is obtained. According to the modification method, a uniform and firm coating layer with specific composition and structure can be formed on the surface of PBA, so that the problems of structural stability and interfacial compatibility of PBA in electrochemical circulation are solved, and the comprehensive performance of the sodium ion battery is improved.

This invention relates to the field of electrocatalytic materials technology, specifically to a ternary metal Prussian blue analogue-based partial conversion sulfur phosphating electrocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application. A CoMoO4 nanorod array is grown on a nickel foam surface via a hydrothermal method, further generating an in-situ FeCoNi-PBA precursor to form a hollow, embedded cubic structure. Hydrothermal sulfidation yields hollow, porous NiCo2S4 nanorods; subsequent low-temperature gas-phase phosphating achieves partial conversion of NiCo2S4, generating a NiCoP shell in-situ on the surface, forming a core-shell heterogeneous interface with the core, resulting in a NiCoP / NiCo2S4 / NF electrocatalyst. Compared to traditional bifunctional electrocatalyst preparation methods, this invention utilizes a two-step "sulfidation followed by phosphating" method to construct a stable heterogeneous interface in-situ on a conductive substrate, enabling the resulting catalyst to exhibit both good hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution activity and long-term stability under high current in alkaline water electrolysis.

The invention belongs to the technical field of salt lake resource development and rare metal recovery, and discloses a fibrous rubidium adsorbent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, a metal-based Prussian blue analogue spinning solution is synthesized in a non-aqueous system through a one-pot method, and the fibrous rubidium adsorbent is directly prepared through wet spinning. The preparation of the powder adsorbent and the molding of the composite material are integrated, so that the process is simplified, and the problem of powder agglomeration is avoided. The prepared fibrous rubidium adsorbent has the rubidium ion adsorption capacity of 248.73 mg / L, achieves adsorption equilibrium within 7 min, is suitable for industrially recovering rubidium from high-salinity salt lake brine, and has remarkable economic and environmental benefits.

The utility model discloses a heavy gas turbine ceramic heat insulation tile mounting groove size coloring mark inspection tool, which is characterized in that a ceramic heat insulation tile block simulates the actual mounting state of a reignition gas turbine when leaving a factory according to the geometric dimension of a ceramic heat insulation tile block mounting groove through a coloring mark inspection method; judging whether the ceramic heat-insulating tile mounting groove meets the geometric requirements of the drawing or not according to the area of the mounting mark of the ceramic heat-insulating tile mounting groove; according to the method, a simulation gas turbine installation detection tool is required to be coated with a Prussian blue / red lead powder coloring agent; then the ceramic heat insulation tile blocks are installed, and in the process, the coloring agent can be attached to the surfaces of the ceramic tile block installation grooves; and analyzing and judging whether the position and the size of the mark on the tooth surface meet the requirements. Compared with the existing detection technology, the device simulates the real working condition of the ceramic tile to carry out coloring inspection, and compared with the traditional three-coordinate size measurement, the detection cost is reduced, the detection precision is improved, and meanwhile, the delivery detection efficiency of the ceramic tile is improved.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of catalysts for hydrogen production through electrolysis of water, and provides a medium-entropy Prussian blue analogue derivative sulfide catalyst and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that Ni (NO3) 2.6 H2O and C6H5Na3O7. 2H2O are dissolved in deionized water, and a solution A is formed through magnetic stirring; dissolving K3 [Co (CN) 6] and K3 [Fe (CN) 6] in deionized water, and magnetically stirring to form a solution B; adding the solution B into the solution A, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; heating the mixed solution in a water bath and stirring; carrying out centrifugal treatment on the mixed solution, separating to obtain a precipitate, washing for multiple times, and carrying out vacuum drying overnight to obtain a FeCoNi-PBA precursor; the FeCoNi-PBA precursor and excessive sulfur powder are placed in two porcelain boats respectively, the two porcelain boats are placed on the downstream and the upstream of a tubular furnace, in the argon atmosphere, the temperature is increased, heat preservation treatment is conducted, and the medium-entropy sulfide named as FeCoNi-S is obtained. The bifunctional catalyst with rich defects and high specific surface area is prepared, and efficient and stable hydrogen production and oxygen production through water electrolysis are achieved.