127 results about "Electrochemical decomposition" patented technology

An object is to suppress electrochemical decomposition of an electrolyte solution and the like at a negative electrode in a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion capacitor; thus, irreversible capacity is reduced, cycle performance is improved, or operating temperature range is extended. A negative electrode for a power storage device including a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer which is over the negative electrode current collector and includes a plurality of particles of a negative electrode active material, and a film covering part of the negative electrode active material. The film has an insulating property and lithium ion conductivity.

The invention relates to a water system high-voltage mixed ion secondary battery. A positive pole material of the battery is a high-voltage battery positive pole material, namely zinc-lithium ferric manganese phosphate (LiFe1-xMnxPO4), the element zinc serves as the majority of a negative pole material, and electrolyte is a liquid-state or gel-state material which is formed by lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and soluble zinc salt as solute and water as solvent and has ionic conductivity. The battery is based on the energy storage mechanisms of a dissolution-out/deposition reaction of zinc ions (Zn2+) on a negative pole and a reversible embedding/ejection reaction of the zinc ions (Zn2+) on a positive pole, meanwhile, through the water-in-salt electrolyte formed by high-concentration LiTFSI, the electrochemical water decomposition process is inhibited, a potential window of the water system electrolyte is remarkably broadened, the zinc-lithium mixed ion secondary battery has the advantages of being high in capacity, long in cycling life, safe, environmentally friendly, low in cost and the like, and the battery can be applied to the fields such as consumer electronic equipment, electromobiles and large-scale energy storage.

A device as described for the generation of high purity carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) by electrochemical decomposition of aqueous solutions of liquid and solid organic acids. A d.c. power source is used to apply a preselected current to an electrochemical cell, consisting of an ion permeable membrane and two electrodes. The generation rate of CO2 and H2 is continuous and proportional to the applied current; it can be stopped instantaneously by interrupting the current. Small Battery operated generators can produce propellant CO2 and H2 to deliver fluids from containers. Other uses include the creation of anaerobic environments in incubation chambers.

A photoelectrode for producing hydrogen and oxygen by photoelectro-chemically decomposing water is characterized in that the photoelectrode is composed of a photocathode and a photoanode, wherein the photocathode and a photoanode are provide with quantum dots being assembled with assistance of a double-functional molecule. The invention achieves the establishment and the application of the photoelectrode for producing hydrogen and oxygen on the basis of semiconductors, quantum dots and catalysts. The photoelectrode is high in stability, is free of a sacrificial agent, is simple in operation, is good in repeatability, is strong in universality and is high in utilization rate on visible light. In addition, the catalyst is free of requirement of noble metals, is low in cost and is easy to obtain.

A dendrite penetration-resistant layer for a rechargeable alkali metal battery, comprising an amorphous carbon or polymeric carbon matrix, an optional carbon or graphite reinforcement phase dispersed in this matrix, and a lithium- or sodium-containing species that are chemically bonded to the matrix and/or the optional carbon or graphite reinforcement phase to form an integral layer that prevents dendrite penetration through this integral layer in the alkali metal battery, wherein the lithium- or sodium-containing species is selected from Li₂CO₃, Li₂O, Li₂C₂O₄, LiOH, LiX, ROCO₂Li, HCOLi, ROLi, (ROCO₂Li)₂, (CH₂OCO₂Li)₂, Li₂S, Li_xSO_y, Na₂CO₃, Na₂O, Na₂C₂O₄, NaOH, NaiX, ROCO₂Na, HCONa, RONa, (ROCO₂Na)₂, (CH₂OCO₂Na)₂, Na₂S, Na_xSO_y, or a combination thereof, wherein X=F, Cl, I, or Br, R=a hydrocarbon group, x=0-1, y=1-4; and wherein the lithium- or sodium-containing species is derived from an electrochemical decomposition reaction.

A system and method producing electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte battery that maximizes energy storage, reduces electrochemical decomposition of the electrolyte, and uses Prussian Blue analogue materials for both electrodes, with an anode electrode including an electrochemically active hexacyanometalate group having two possible redox reactions of different potentials. These potentials may be tuned by substituting different electrochemically inactive components.

A prelithiated and surface-stabilized anode active material for use in a lithium battery, comprising a protected anode active material particle comprising a surface-stabilizing layer embracing a core particle, wherein the surface-stabilizing layer comprises a lithium- or sodium-containing species chemically bonded to the core particle and the lithium- or sodium-containing species is selected from Li₂CO₃, Li₂O, Li₂C₂O₄, LiOH, LiX, ROCO₂Li, HCOLi, ROLi, (ROCO₂Li)₂, (CH₂OCO₂Li)₂, Li₂S, Li_xSO_y, Li₄B, Na₄B, Na₂CO₃, Na₂O, Na₂C₂O₄, NaOH, NaiX, ROCO₂Na, HCONa, RONa, (ROCO₂Na)₂, (CH₂OCO₂Na)₂, Na₂S, Na_xSO_y, or a combination thereof, wherein X=F, Cl, I, or Br, R=a hydrocarbon group, 0<x≤1, and 1≤y≤4; wherein the lithium- or sodium-containing species is preferably derived from an electrochemical decomposition reaction and the core particle is prelithiated to contain an amount of lithium from 1% to 100% of the maximum lithium content that can be included in the core particle of anode active material.

The invention belongs to the field of electrocatalysts, and specifically relates to a preparation method and application of a mesoporous bi-metal phosphide electrocatalyst for electrochemically decomposing water to generate hydrogen with high performance. A hydroxide precursor is synthesized through hydrothermal reaction and is further subjected to low-temperature phosphating reaction to obtain aNixMn1P porous nanosheet array electrocatalyst. The series of bi-metal phosphides have relatively low charge transfer resistance and reaction barrier of hydrogen evolution reaction, and have excellentperformances in electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The catalyst is low in cost, is simple and convenient in operation, is simple in process, is excellent in catalysis performance, and provides basic application research, in the electro-catalysis field, of the materials.

The present invention provides a water treating device, which comprises: a water container for containing water to be treated; an electrolyzing chamber for sterilizing the to-be-treated water by way of electrochemical decomposition through energization of an electrode set consisting of at least two electrode plates; a water treatment line through which the to-be-treated water is introduced into the electrolyzing chamber from the water container and fed back into the water container after the sterilization of the water in the electrolyzing chamber; a residual chlorine sensor for measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the to-be-treated water before the water is introduced into the electrolyzing chamber; and control means for controlling the amount of the to-be-treated water to be electrochemically decomposed in the electrolyzing chamber on the basis of the residual chlorine concentration measured by the residual chlorine sensor to keep the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be fed back into the water container within a predetermined range; wherein a bypass line is provided which is branched from the water treatment line at a position upstream of the electrolyzing chamber for sampling the to-be-treated water, introducing the sampled to-be-treated water into the residual chlorine sensor for the measurement of the residual chlorine concentration thereof, and discharging the sampled to-be-treated water into the electrolyzing chamber after the measurement. With this arrangement, the to-be-treated water subjected to the measurement of the residual chlorine concentration in the bypass line is returned into the electrolyzing chamber, so that no waste water is produced. Further, the to-be-treated water returned into the electrolyzing chamber is sterilized in the electrolyzing chamber, and then fed back into the water container. Therefore, water yet to be sterilized is not fed back into the water container.

A lithium secondary battery exhibiting very high safety, which is ensured by restraining both the generation of flammable gas caused by the decomposition of an electrolyte, and the emission of oxygen from a positive active material even during overcharging. The lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode of which an active material is a lithium transition metal composite oxide, a negative electrode of which an active material is a carbon material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an organic solvent in which a lithium salt is dissolved. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains at least one kind of conductive polymer-forming monomers which have an alkyl group and is electrochemically polymerizable on the positive electrode within a battery operation voltage, and at least one kind of film-forming agents which electrochemically decompose within the battery operation voltage to form films on a surface of the negative electrode.

A miniature, battery-like device is described for the generation of gases or as a power source or battery. The generation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen by electrochemical decomposition of an aqueous oxalic acid solution is detailed. One of the electrodes of the internally located electrochemical cell is in intimate contact with the cathode cap of the device, while the other electrode is under compression from an internal spring of variable length which is in electrical contact with the anode cap. The low-cost device is easy to fill and assemble. It can be used for the controlled release of small quantities of fluid, delivered at low flow rates for long periods of time, such as pheromones, fragrances, insecticides, pesticides. It can also be used as power source using liquid fuels such as methanol and ambient air as a source of oxygen.

The invention discloses a ternary Cu-Co-P (copper-cobalt-phosphor) nanorod as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of mixing copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonia fluoride in water, so as to prepare a precursor mixed solution; placing a substrate into the precursor mixed solution, reacting for 480 to 600min in a high-pressure kettle at the temperature of 100 to 120 DEG C, and preparing a CuCo-LDH (hydrotalcite) nanorod on the substrate; placing the dried substrate and the CuCo-LDH nanorod into a ceramic boat withsodium hypophosphite; transferring into a tubular furnace, and heating for 0.5 to 2h at the temperature of 300 to 350 DEG C, so as to obtain the ternary Cu-Co-P nanorod. The ternary Cu-Co-P nanorod can be directly used as a working electrode for electrochemically decomposing water. The ternary Cu-Co-P nanorod has the advantages that compared with the existing transition metal phosphide, the waterhydrolyzing catalyzing cavity is higher in the pH (potential of hydrogen) electrolytes; the cost is low, the preparation technology is simple, the environment-friendly and non-pollution effects are realized, and the ternary Cu-Co-P nanorod is suitable for large-scale industrialized production.

The invention provides a high-working voltage super capacitor and the manufacturing method, which include: a positive polarizing electrode and a negative polarizing electrode, a multihole isolating film and an electrolyte; the electrolyte is a high-working voltage electrolyte, the electrolyte salt can be ring quaternary alkylphosphonium salt and the solvent of the electrolyte can be ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC) and so on. The electrolyte concentration is 0.5-5.0 mol/L; the electrolyte has an electrochemical window of more than 4.6v. The invention adopts the high-working voltage super capacitor electrolyte which has a wider electrochemical window; the high-working voltage super capacitor made by utilizing the high electrochemical decomposition voltage can not only keep the characteristics of high power density and better cycle performance, but also have higher working voltage (3.0v-3.5v) and higher energy density.

The invention discloses a ternary CoFeCr hydrotalcite nanorod and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps: mixing cobalt nitrate, iron nitrate, chromium nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride in water so as to prepare a precursor mixed solution, placing a substrate in the precursor mixed solution, transferring the substrate together with the precursormixed solution to an autoclave, and then performing a reacting at 110-130 DEG C for 360-600 minutes so as to prepare the ternary CoFeCr hydrotalcite nanorod on the substrate. The ternary CoFeCr hydrotalcite nanorod together with the substrate is directly used as a working electrode for electrochemical decomposition of water. Not only the ternary CoFeCr hydrotalcite nanorod has better performance of water electrolysis and oxygen evolution than transition metal oxide in the prior art, but also the preparation process is simple, fast and efficient, has low production energy consumption, low production cost, environmental protection and no pollution, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Disclosed is a negative electrode active material which is capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and has high reversible capacity and reduced initial irreversible capacity. This negative electrode active material includes a granulated substance, in which a composite containing nanosize conductive carbon powder and tin oxide powder contacting the surface of the conductive carbon powder in a highly dispersed state and an aggregate selected from the group consisting of graphite and nongraphitizable carbon are aggregated. The electrochemical decomposition of electrolytic solution is suppressed due to a reduction in the area where the carbon material in the granulated substance and the electrolytic solution are in contact, resulting in a significant reduction in the initial irreversible capacity of the negative electrode active material.

Provided is a method for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels. The method employs reducing CO₂ in an electrochemical cell using an aerogel carbon electrode and an ionic liquid membrane, thereby providing a carbon-based combustible.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an iron doped cobalt diselenide compound nitrogen doped carbon material. The method is characterized in that a metal organic framework ZIF-67 is used as the precursor, ferric ion is utilized to perform etching to obtain iron modified Fe-ZIF-67, selenium steam is used to perform carbonization and selenylation on the Fe-ZIF-67 to obtaina nitrogen doped porous carbon loaded iron doped cobalt diselenide (Fe-CoSe2@NC) powdered electrode material. The Fe-CoSe2@NC is prepared into slurry, and conductive carbon fiber paper is coated withthe slurry to obtain a Fe-CoSe2@NC/CFP electrode. The electrochemical catalysis hydrogen production performance indexes of the Fe-CoSe2@NC/CFP electrode include: the Tafel slope is 40.9mV/decade; overpotential for reach the current density of 10mA/cm<2> is -0.143V(vs RHE). Meanwhile, the assembled electrode is excellent in electrochemical stability and does not have evident voltage fluctuation ina 48-hour constant-current stability test. The synthesizing method of the compound electrode is simple, efficiency, green, environmentally friendly, low in raw material and synthesizing costs, suitable for industrial application using electrochemical water decomposition to produce hydrogen and extensive in scientific significance.

The invention relates to a method for synchronously extracting vanadium and chromium by electrochemically decomposing vanadium slag in a potassium hydroxide solution. The method comprises the steps as follows: introducing oxidizing gas into mixed slurry containing the vanadium slag, potassium hydroxide and water; carrying out electrochemical oxidization reaction; and after the reaction, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed slurry to obtain tailings and a vanadium and chromium alkali solution. The method is low in cost, high in extraction efficiency, pollution-free and moderate in process conditions, and can be used for efficiently and synchronously extracting vanadium and chromium; the vanadium extraction rate can reach 85-99%; and the chromium extraction rate can reach 80-95%.

The invention relates to the technology of sulphur and iodine circulation hydrogen production, and particularly provides a hydrogen production method adopting electrochemistry to disintegrate HI in sulphur and iodine circulation hydrogen production and a device. The method includes the steps that a monocell is used as a reactor, the monocell has anode graphite electrode and cathode graphite electrode, and a proton exchange membrane is used as a diaphragm; HIx homogeneous solution in the sulphur and iodine circulation hydrogen production system is injected into the anode side, and deionized water is injected into the cathode side; power supply is turned on to carry out decomposition reaction, I- of the anode side HIx homogeneous solution is oxidized to I2, and generated H+ passes through proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode side and is reduced to hydrogen; HIx homogeneous solution of the anode side enters a Bunsen reactor to be Bunsen reaction raw material in a circulating modeafter electrolytic reaction, and hydrogen generated from cathode side is sent out. According to the hydrogen production method adopting electrochemistry to disintegrate HI in sulphur and iodine circulation hydrogen production, an HIx solution is directly decomposed adopting electrochemistry method, the original process of concentration and distillation is omitted, and the process and the device are greatly simplified. Hydrogen is generated from cathode, and the separation problem with HI gas does not need to be considered.

The invention relates to a transition metal based catalyst electrode of a honeycomb macroporous structure as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: S1, synthesizing a polystyrene sub-microsphere aqueous solution; S2, preparing a transition metal salt solution, mixing the transition metal salt solution and the polystyrene sub-microsphere aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution, spraying the mixed solution onto a conductive substrate for forming a film, and calcining at a high temperature so as to obtain an oxide film with a honeycomb macroporous structure; and S3, performing sulfidizing or selenizing or phosphating treatment on the oxide film at the high temperature in an inert atmosphere, thereby obtaining the transition metal based catalyst electrode of the honeycomb macroporous structure. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the operation is simple, the macroporous structure of the catalyst is easily maintained, the reproducibility is high, and a large-area electrode is conveniently prepared. Moreover, the catalyst electrode prepared by the invention has high specific surface area and capable of exposing more active sites and can be applied to dye-sensitized solar cells, electrochemical decomposition of water and the like.

The invention belongs to the field of electrocatalysts, and particularly relates to a preparation method and applications of a high-performance carbon-based composite catalyst for producing hydrogen by electrochemically decomposing water, wherein the Ru/NC electrocatalyst is obtained by using nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) synthesized through complexing, calcining and acid washing as a substrate material and using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent under a reflux condition. According to the invention, the electrocatalyst material has low charge transfer resistance and reaction barrier of hydrogenevolution reaction, and has excellent performance in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions; Ru has the lowest price in Pt series precious metal materials, so that the catalyst is low in cost;and the obtained catalyst is simple and convenient in experimental operation, simple in process and excellent in catalytic performance, and provides the basic application research for the materials in the field of electro-catalysis.