767results about "Diaphragms" patented technology

The present disclosure relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products. Herein are systems and processes for extracting lithium using ion exchange materials, where transition metal impurities may be removed from the synthetic lithium solution. In some embodiments, the transition metal species are reformulated to form ion exchange materials to be used in the systems and processes described herein.

Provided are an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical device that are easily manufactured and capable of retrofitting. The electrochemical cell includes: a first plate and a second plate between which an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are respectively formed on respective opposing inner surface sides thereof; and a sealing portion provided between the first plate and the second plate, in which the sealing portion includes plural frame bodies disposed at intervals from an inner side to an outer side, and plural sealing members disposed between the plural frame bodies and disposed in a compressed state between the first plate and the second plate. The electrochemical device includes the electrochemical cell.

The invention belongs to the technical field of diaphragms, and particularly relates to a cellulose and cellulose derivative doped composite diaphragm as well as a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a thermoplastic organic high-molecular polymer, a cellulose derivative and metal oxide nanoparticles into an organic solvent, dissolving, adding a pore-foaming agent, and uniformly stirring; uniformly mixing, defoaming to obtain a membrane casting solution, and blade-coating to obtain a liquid membrane; the liquid film is placed in a wet air atmosphere with the relative humidity of 30%-80% for pre-phase inversion, in the pre-phase inversion process, water vapor in wet air permeates into the liquid film and exchanges with the organic solvent in the liquid film, and a wet film is obtained; and immersing the wet membrane into an extracting agent for phase conversion to obtain the cellulose and derivative doped composite diaphragm. According to the preparation method, safe operation of the diaphragm can be ensured, the electrolytic efficiency of the diaphragm is remarkably improved, and the diaphragm is excellent in stability of long-time operation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic cells for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, and particularly relates to an ultrahigh-current-density multi-layer metal composite type hydrogen production electrolytic cell and a preparation method thereof, and the ultrahigh-current-density multi-layer metal composite type hydrogen production electrolytic cell comprises a central diaphragm, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a sealing gasket, a bipolar plate and an end plate, the fastening bolt horizontally penetrates through the mounting holes of the left end plate and the right end plate to fix the bipolar plate, the sealing gasket, the cathode electrode, the diaphragm and the anode electrode between the left end plate and the right end plate in a limiting mode. Nickel base alloy (including pure nickel) or titanium alloy (including pure titanium) is adopted as an alkali corrosion resisting layer in the end plates and the bipolar plate in the contact face with alkaline electrolyte, the thickness of the alkali corrosion resisting layer ranges from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, and the thickness of the alkali corrosion resisting layer ranges from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm. The hydrogen production electrolytic tank has the advantages that the hydrogen production electrolytic tank breaks through the 0.08 mm limit of an electroplated coating, is suitable for safe operation in equipment with the current density strength higher than 3000A / m < 2 > and even reaching 10000A / m < 2 >, reduces the risk that the alkali-resistant corrosion layer is broken down by current and is damaged, and prolongs the service life of the hydrogen production electrolytic tank.

To provide a fuel cell that can be constructed thinly while ensuring sufficient thickness of the gas diffusion layer. [Solution] A fuel cell cell that generates electricity by the reaction of a reaction gas comprises a membrane electrode assembly having an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer, a gas diffusion layer laminated on the membrane electrode assembly and made of a porous metal, and a separator laminated on the gas diffusion layer and parallel to the plane direction of the membrane electrode assembly, wherein the gas diffusion layer has grooves through which the reaction gas flows on the separator side.

A separator for water electrolysis comprising a cathode facing side (101) and an anode facing side (201), characterized in that the cathode- and anode facing sides are visually distinct.

The invention particularly discloses a preparation method and application of a composite ion exchange membrane. The composite ion exchange membrane is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 95 to 110 parts of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, 5 to 8 parts of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 10 to 15 parts of phosphotungstic acid, 1 to 1.8 parts of cerium-tannin complex, 12 to 20 parts of polyphenylene sulfide enhanced net, 30 to 40 parts of sulfonated polyether ether ketone solution, 3 to 5 parts of MXene-silicotungstic acid compound and 1 to 3 parts of polyethyleneimine cross-linking agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube and the cerium-tannin complex; blending the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin and the functional filler to prepare a membrane casting solution, and coating to form a membrane; a PPS reinforced net and an SPEEK solution are subjected to composite reinforcement, the PPS reinforced net and the SPEEK solution are subjected to PEI crosslinking and then superposed with the membrane, an MXene-silicotungstic acid compound is sprayed on the surface, and the composite ion exchange membrane is obtained through hot pressing and acid activation, has high proton conductivity and excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability and can be applied to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell and an all-vanadium redox flow battery.

An apparatus for water electrolysis includes a water-electrolysis stack, a feed-water pipeline, and a transport layer arranged upstream of the stack. A processor comprises pressures measured on each side of the transport layer and monitors ion conductivity of the feed water. When either reading crosses preset reference thresholds, the processor disables the power-supply unit and / or stops a circulation pump to protect the stack. The system can inject carbon dioxide to recover conductivity and issues alerts when the transport layer or an electrolyte membrane needs replacement, or when the carbon-dioxide charge falls below feed-water pressure. A complimentary control method performs the sensing, comparison, intervention, and user-notification steps.

A proton exchange membrane for an energy conversion device, a hydrogen fuel cell stack for a vehicle, and a method for producing a proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange membrane contains a first layer of a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer. Furthermore, the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer contains a first additive coated with methoxy nonfluorobutane. The hydrogen fuel cell stack comprises one or more membrane electrode assemblies, each containing a proton exchange membrane.

The invention relates to a part comprising a metal substrate and a layer of material based on amorphous carbon having sp2 hybridised bonds and sp3 hybridised bonds, wherein the layer has: - a first content of sp3 hybridised bonds on the substrate side; and - a second content of sp3 hybridised bonds on the side of an outer surface of the layer; - the first content being greater than the second content, characterised in that an average content within the layer of sp3 hybridised bonds is between 5% and 65%, and preferably between 5% and 45%, and in that the content of sp3 hybridised bonds changes continuously within the layer.

Provided is a stainless steel having excellent oxidation resistance, Cr poisoning resistance, and electrical conductivity not only in the use environment of SOFC, but also in the use environment of SOEC. In the present invention, the component composition is appropriately controlled, in particular, 0.60-1.50 mass% of Al, 0.20-0.45 mass% of Nb, 20.0-30.0 mass% of Cr, and 0.05-0.50 mass% of Si, and the relationship of the following formulae (1) and (2): 0.03 * [Cr] + [Al] < = 2.20 (1) and 0.44 * [Si] + [Al] < = 1.52 (2) are satisfied.

Disclosed is a solid oxide stack. The solid oxide stack according to the present invention includes: a module formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells; an upper manifold and a lower manifold installed to support a top surface and a bottom surface of the module, respectively; wherein each unit cell includes a cell frame with a central opening, an air electrode current collector, a solid oxide cell, and a fuel electrode current collector sequentially stacked and seated within the central opening, an interconnect formed on the cell frame having a fuel flow channel on one surface and an air flow channel on the opposite surface, a cell sealant positioned at the interface between the cell frame and the solid oxide cell, and a fuel electrode sealant positioned at the interface between the cell frame and the interconnect; and wherein the air flow channel opens to at least one side of the module. According to the present invention, the stack provides a removable modular unit structure without requiring an air electrode sealant, allowing defective or aged cells to be easily replaced without affecting the stack's overall performance. This simplifies maintenance, extends the stack's lifespan, and reduces operational costs.

A solid oxide electrolysis cell (1) has: a metal support (2) having a through-pore formation region (22) in which a large number of through-pores (21) penetrating in the thickness direction are formed; and a cell portion (3) layered on one surface of the through-pore formation region (22). The cell portion (3) has, in order from the metal support (2) side, a fuel diffusion layer (31) that diffuses fuel gas, a fuel electrode layer (32) to which the fuel gas is supplied from the fuel diffusion layer (31), a solid electrolyte layer (33), and an air electrode layer (34) that pairs with the fuel electrode layer (32). The solid oxide electrolysis cell (1) satisfies the relationship: metal support porosity < fuel diffusion layer porosity < fuel electrode layer porosity, where the metal support porosity is the area ratio of voids in a cross section along the surface direction of the metal support (2), the fuel diffusion layer porosity is the area ratio of voids in a cross section along the surface direction of the fuel diffusion layer (31), and the fuel electrode layer porosity is the area ratio of voids in a cross section along the surface direction of the fuel electrode layer (32).

High-purity lithium metal electrodes were fabricated from aqueous lithium salt solutions using electrolysis through a lithium ion-selective membrane, achieving currents of approximately 10 mA / cm. 2 ~about 50mA / cm 2 A method is proposed in which the electrolysis is carried out at a constant current density of 0.1 V, where the constant current is applied for a time period of about 1 minute to about 60 minutes. The electrolysis is carried out under an overlying atmosphere, where the overlying atmosphere is substantially free of lithium reactive components. A method is further proposed for vertically integrating the electrolytic fabrication of high purity lithium metal electrodes into the production of lithium metal batteries, where the fabrication of lithium electrodes and lithium metal batteries is carried out in a single facility.

The electrochemical reaction device includes: an electrochemical reaction structure including a cathode, an anode, a diaphragm having a first surface on the cathode and a second surface on the anode, a cathode flow path, and an anode flow path; a first flow path through which a first fluid containing a reducible material to the cathode flow path flows; a second flow path through which a second fluid containing water to the anode flow path flows; a third flow path through which a third fluid containing the reduction product from the cathode flow path flows; and a fourth flow path through which a fourth fluid containing water and oxygen from the anode flow path flows. The diaphragm has concentration gradient in which a concentration of a chemical species decreases from the second surface to the first surface, the chemical species being configured to decompose, capture, or inactivate an active oxygen specie.

The application discloses a composite electrolyte buffer layer for solid oxide electrolysis cell and a preparation method, and relates to the technical field of SOFC electrolyte. The composite electrolyte buffer layer is formed by sequentially sputtering electrolyte sputtering dense layer I, electrolyte sputtering dense layer II and anode sputtering layer on the surface of the electrolyte layer of the solid oxide electrolysis cell. The thickness of the electrolyte sputtering dense layer I is 10 nanometers to 1 micrometer, the thickness of the electrolyte sputtering dense layer II is 50 nanometers to 500 nanometers, and the thickness of the anode sputtering layer is 5 nanometers to 30 nanometers. The composite electrolyte nanometer buffer layer prepared by the magnetron sputtering method has the advantages of blocking electrons, improving open circuit voltage, enhancing ion conductivity to reduce ohmic resistance, enhancing chemical compatibility and thermal matching with electrodes to improve long-term stability, etc. The composite electrolyte nanometer buffer layer solves the problem of internal leakage of the traditional low-temperature electrolyte, improves the open circuit voltage to above 1.00V (600 DEG C), improves the output power and stability of the solid oxide electrolysis cell, and expands the application range of the solid oxide electrolysis cell.

An electrolyzer system and an end plate assembl (110) are provided with one or more fluid-isolating inserts (400). The electrolyzer system includes a stack of electrolyzer cells, a current collector, an end plate assembly, and an isolation plate positioned between the end plate assembly (1109 and current collector. The end plate assembly (110) includes at least one fluid channel to allow fluid to pass therethrough, where the fluid channel(s) is in fluid communication with at least one fluid channel through the current collector and isolation plate. The end plate assembly (110) includes an end plate (120) and an fluid-isolating insert (400) residing, at least in part, within a pocket in the end plate (110). The fluid-isolating insert (400) includes at least one electrically-isolating fluid channel (401) that defines, at least in part, the fluid channel(s) of the end plate assembly (110), where the fluid-isolating insert (400) increases an effective length of a fluid conduction path between the current collector and the end plate (110).

A solid oxide cell includes a support including a support plate and a leg portion supporting the support plate at an outer edge of the support plate, and a unit cell disposed opposite the leg portion on the support plate and including a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, in which, when a thickness direction of the support plate is a first direction, the outer edge of the unit cell overlaps the leg portion in the first direction.

Herein discussed is a method of producing carbon monoxide or hydrogen or both simultaneously comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical reactor having an anode, a cathode, and a mixed-conducting membrane between the anode and the cathode; (b) introducing a first stream to the anode, wherein the first stream comprises a hydrocarbon; and (c) introducing a second stream to the cathode, wherein the second stream comprises carbon dioxide or water or both, wherein carbon monoxide is generated from carbon dioxide electrochemically and hydrogen is generated from water electrochemically.

An electrochemical cell (10) is obtained by laminating an air electrode (12), a solid electrolyte layer (11) containing a solid electrolyte, and a fuel electrode (13) in the stated order. An intermediate layer (17) is provided between the air electrode (12) and the solid electrolyte layer (11) and / or between the fuel electrode (13) and the solid electrolyte layer (11). The solid electrolyte layer (11) has a main phase composed of an oxide ion conductor. At least one of the intermediate layers (17) includes a first component constituted of cerium oxide containing a rare earth element other than cerium, and a second component constituted of an oxide ion conductor different from the first component. The substance amount of zirconium in the intermediate layer (17) is 10 mol% or less based on total substance amount of all metal elements in the intermediate layer (17).

To provide an electrochemical element or the like having high performance and durability capable of keeping high material diffusibility and suppressing growth of an oxide film.SOLUTION: The metallic support 1 of the electrochemical device has a plurality of penetration space side walls penetrating from a front side 1a to a rear side 1a, the front side 1b being a 1c on which electrodes are provided. One or more hole regions 1a as regions where the penetration space 1c is formed in the front side surface 1g are provided, and in at least one or more penetration space 1c, a straight portion 1a whose inside diameter is constant from the front side surface 1b toward the back side surface 1i and a tapered portion 1a whose inside diameter gradually increases from the front side surface 1b toward the back side surface are formed in order from the front side surface. 1j 1a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

To provide an electrochemical element or the like having high performance and durability capable of keeping high material diffusibility and suppressing growth of an oxide film.SOLUTION: The metallic support 1 of the electrochemical device has a plurality of penetration space side walls penetrating from a front side 1a to a rear side 1a, the front side 1b being a 1c on which electrodes are provided. When a region where the penetration space 1a is formed in the front-side surface 1c is defined as a front-side hole region 1g, a region corresponding to the front-side hole region 1b in the back-side surface 1g is defined as a back-side hole region 1h, openings of the penetration space 1c in the front-side surface 1a are defined as front-side openings 1d, and openings of the penetration space in the back-side surface are defined as back-side openings, an average circularity of the front-side openings in the front-side hole region is higher than an average circularity of the back-side openings in the back-side hole. 1h 1c 1e 1d 1b 1g 1e.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Provided herein are method of recycling metallic ion content from inorganic solid and systems thereof. The methods and systems include contacting inorganic solid with an acid to produce said concrete precursors.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide: a performance evaluation device for an electrochemical stack, whereby performance evaluation tests for the electrochemical stack can be easily performed; and a performance evaluation system including same.

The present invention concerns an industrial chemical process (400f) and an apparatus for carrying out that process. The chemical process integrates into a single, combined method: (i) a method (303, 304) of producing iron and / or manganese from their ores, and (ii) a method (205a, 205b, 207, 208, 209) of producing an oxide or hydroxide of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron from another ore respectively comprising a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron. This combined method has the iron and / or manganese ore and the other ore comprising the carbonate mineral as its only essential ingredients, with common salt and / or water as optional extra ingredients. The combined method produces iron and / or manganese in elemental form, an oxide or hydroxide derived from the carbonate mineral, and oxygen as its corresponding products. If the iron and / or manganese ore also comprises a siliceous mineral, the method may also produce an alkaline mixture comprising sodium silicate as a co-product. Salt and water act as intermediaries to produce these end-products, but are only consumed if supplied in excess. An amount of sodium oxide, hydroxide and / or carbonate determined by the amount of salt consumed may be produced as a co-product, along with a corresponding amount of at least one of chlorine and hydrochloric acid. An amount of hydrogen determined by the amount of water consumed may also be produced as a co-product, along with an increased amount of oxygen. The iron, manganese and oxygen produced may all be used in steelmaking. Any excess oxygen may be safely vented to atmosphere. The oxide or hydroxide derived from the carbonate mineral may be used in cement manufacture, as a flux in steelmaking and / or as an ingredient in the manufacture of soda-lime glass. The alkaline mixture comprising sodium silicate may be used as an alkaline activator for an alkaline activated or geopolymer cement. The sodium carbonate may be used in the manufacture of soda-lime and / or borosilicate glass, for example. The chlorine and / or hydrochloric acid may be used in the manufacture of chlorinated organic compounds, for example. The hydrogen may be used as a fuel in a hydrogen economy. The method of the invention requires no nett input of heat because the chemical reactions it involves are exothermic overall. It also consumes no fossil fuels and has electricity as its only energy requirement. Thus if the electricity is produced from a source of renewable energy, this method produces no greenhouse gas emissions. In some embodiments, the method can even have a negative carbon footprint overall. The invention is intended to replace existing techniques for producing iron and / or manganese from their ores, including hydrogen-DRI, the calcination of limestone and other carbonate minerals, both in cement manufacture and in the production of lime for other purposes, and the ammonia-soda, or Solvay, process for the production of sodium carbonate. The invention therefore has the potential to eliminate up to about 20% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. [Fig. 9B]

The disclosure concerns a propane dehydrogenation process, remarkable in that it comprises the steps of (a) providing a feed (1) comprising one or more vegetable oils; (b) providing an hydrogen stream (3) and perfoming an hydrogenation reaction on said feed (1) to generate at least one effluent (6) comprising propane and one or more fatty acids; (c) separating propane from said one or more fatty acids comprised within said at least effluent (6) generated at step (b) to generate a stream (13) comprising propane; (d) providing at least one proton-conducting catalytic membrane, each proton-conducting catalytic membrane comprising at least one dehydrogenation catalyst; (e) feeding to said one or more proton-conducting catalytic membranes under propane dehydrogenation conditions the stream generated at step (c); and (f) recovering a first effluent (19) comprising at least propylene. The disclosure also concerns an installation for carrying out said propane dehydrogenation process thereof.

The following disclosure relates to an electrochemical cell or system that is configured to operate with forced water flow on the cathode side of the cell and forced water flow on the anode side of the cell. The system may include at least one electrochemical cell having a cathode, an anode, and a membrane separating the cathode and the anode. The system has the forced water flow on the cathode side of the cell to be principally in opposite direction of the forced water flow on the anode side of the cell.

The invention relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, in particular to a method and a device for recovering performance of a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis membrane electrode. According to the method, alternating current signal excitation is carried out on the to-be-treated proton exchange membrane water electrolysis membrane electrode, and then the to-be-treated proton exchange membrane water electrolysis membrane electrode is repaired. Alternating current excitation signals with specific parameters are applied to the membrane electrode, and the performance of the membrane electrode is recovered through the physical and chemical synergistic effect of the alternating current signals. By selecting different frequencies, different failure modes can be repaired in a targeted manner, and meanwhile, direct-current bias voltage can be superposed, so that the recovery performance is further enhanced. According to the method, the performance of the membrane electrode can be accurately and nondestructively recovered, online operation can be realized, and the maintenance cost and time are greatly reduced.