2645results about "Diaphragms" patented technology

Disclosed are an electrolytic reduction system of a vanadium electrolyte and a method for producing the electrolyte. The electrolytic reduction system includes a separating device and an electrolytic tank. The separating device is configured to separate a mixture consisting of a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) solid and a sulfate acid solution, thereby obtaining a vanadium solution from a liquid discharging port of the separating device and a vanadium solid from a solid discharging port. The vanadium solution includes pentavalent vanadium ions. The electrolytic tank connects to the liquid discharging port of the separating device to contain the vanadium solution. In the method for producing the vanadium electrolyte, other chemical reagents are unnecessarily to be added into the mixture, and the vanadium solution is subjected to an electrolytic reduction process, such that the pentavalent vanadium ions are reduced to tetravalent vanadium ions and trivalent vanadium ions in the electrolytic tank.

An electrochemical reactor includes an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the surface area of the fluid passage in contact with the anode or cathode is at least 25 times of the combined cross-sectional area of the inlet and the outlet. Further discussed herein is an electrochemical reactor comprising an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein a tortuosity of the fluid passage is no less than 10, wherein tortuosity is the ratio of fluid flow path length to the straight distance between the inlet and the outlet.

A circuit arrangement and to a method for operating the circuit arrangement, particularly a circuit arrangement for the DC power supply of a plurality of parallel electrolysers, where the circuit arrangement has a rectifier which converts an input-side alternating voltage into an output-side first DC voltage. Each electrolyser is respectively connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier by a down converter converting the first DC voltage into a second DC voltage such that the second DC voltage drops over the electrolyser. Each of the down converters is controllable and / or regulatable in order to adapt the level of the second direct voltage.

A reactor assembly includes a multiplicity of electrochemical reactors, wherein each of the electrochemical reactors comprises an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the surface area of the fluid passage in contact with the anode or cathode is at least 25 times of the combined cross-sectional area of the inlet and the outlet; wherein the minimum distance between the reactors is no greater than 2 cm; and wherein the reactors have no interconnects and no direct contact with one another.

A process for electrowinning a metal using a flow-through electrowinning apparatus can include the steps of: a) conveying an anolyte material and a metal chemical feedstock material along an anolyte flow path within an anolyte chamber; b) conveying catholyte material along a catholyte flow path within a catholyte chamber that has a cathode; c) applying an activation electric potential between the anode and a cathode that is sufficient to electrolyze and liberate metal ions from the metal chemical feedstock material in the anolyte chamber, thereby causing a flux of metal ions to migrate through a porous membrane from the anolyte chamber to the catholyte chamber and a metal product to be formed in the catholyte chamber; and while applying the activation electric potential, extracting a feedstock-depleted anolyte material from the anolyte chamber; and extracting an outlet material comprising the catholyte material and the metal product from the catholyte chamber via a catholyte outlet.

Herein discussed is a method of producing carbon monoxide comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical reactor having an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between the anode and the cathode; (b) introducing a first stream to the anode, wherein the first stream comprises a fuel; and (c) introducing a second stream to the cathode, wherein the second stream comprises carbon dioxide, and wherein carbon monoxide is generated from carbon dioxide electrochemically; wherein the reactor comprises no interconnect and no current collector; wherein the reactor generates no electricity and receives no electricity; and wherein the reactor is operated at a temperature no higher than 750° C. In an embodiment, the reactor is operated at a temperature no higher than 700° C. or no higher than 650° C.

The carbon dioxide recovery system (1) comprises an electrolytic reduction device (2) that generates a producer gas by reducing carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide separation device (3) that separates the carbon dioxide from the processed gas. The carbon dioxide separation device is provided with a first gas diffusion electrode (51), a second gas diffusion electrode (52), a liquid chamber (53) formed between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode (52), and is configured to be supplied with an electrolytic liquid containing a compound that adsorbs and desorbs protons in an oxidation-reduction reaction, a first chamber (54) separated from the liquid chamber by the first gas diffusion electrode and configured to be supplied with the producer gas, and a second chamber (55) separated from the liquid chamber by the second gas diffusion electrode and through which the carbon dioxide separated from the producer gas flow. The electrolytic reduction device uses the carbon dioxide separated from the processed gas in the carbon dioxide separation device as a part of an input material thereof.

A catalyst-coated membrane-seal assembly comprises an ion-conducting membrane with a central region, which has a first catalyst layer on a first side and a second catalyst layer on the second side, and a border region which has a first seal material layer on the first side and a second seal material layer on the second side. The edge of the first seal material layer facing the central region is bevelled such that a side of the first seal material layer extends further towards the central region than the opposite side of the first seal material layer.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by alkaline electrolyzed water, in particular to an anti-stripping alkaline electrolyzed water diaphragm casting solution, a diaphragm, a preparation method and application. The anti-stripping alkaline electrolyzed water diaphragm casting solution is prepared from the necessary solvent, the polydimethylsiloxane material, the polysulfone material, the inorganic nano-particles, the pore-forming agent, the cross-linking agent and the catalyst, and the polydimethylsiloxane material, the cross-linking agent and the catalyst act together, so that the enveloping of the inorganic nano-particles can be improved; the mechanical property of the membrane casting liquid on the membrane supporting layer is improved, and the anti-stripping effect is achieved. The diaphragm prepared by adopting the alkaline electrolyzed water diaphragm casting solution shows relatively low sheet resistance and stripping resistance, is good in air tightness, and is suitable for preparing the diaphragm of alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production equipment, so that the effects of maintaining free movement of ions in an electrolytic bath and blocking mixing of hydrogen and oxygen are achieved.

Provided is a laminate capable of electrolyzing an oxygen compound gas represented by CO2 with high conversion efficiency and suppressing deterioration in electrolytic performance. In this laminate having a structure in which an electrolyte layer is sandwiched between an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer, a perovskite oxide and CuFe2O4 are contained in the cathode catalyst layer, and the content of CuFe2O4 in the cathode catalyst layer is at least 10 mass%.

Herein discussed is a hydrogen production system comprising a first reactor zone and a second reactor zone, wherein both reactor zones comprise an ionically conducting membrane, wherein the first zone is capable of reforming a hydrocarbon electrochemically and the second zone is capable of performing water gas shift reactions electrochemically, wherein the electrochemical reforming reactions involve the exchange of an ion through the membrane to oxidize the hydrocarbon and wherein electrochemical water gas shift reactions involve the exchange of an ion through the membrane and include forward water gas shift reactions, or reverse water gas shift reactions, or both. In an embodiment, the membrane is mixed conducting. In an embodiment, the membrane comprises an electronically conducting phase and an ionically conducting phase.

Herein discussed is a method of producing carbon monoxide or hydrogen or both simultaneously comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical reactor having an anode, a cathode, and a mixed-conducting membrane between the anode and the cathode; (b) introducing a first stream to the anode, wherein the first stream comprises a hydrocarbon; and (c) introducing a second stream to the cathode, wherein the second stream comprises carbon dioxide or water or both, wherein carbon monoxide is generated from carbon dioxide electrochemically and hydrogen is generated from water electrochemically.

Methods are proposed for fabricating highly pure lithium metal electrodes from aqueous lithium salt solutions by means of electrolysis through lithium ion selective membranes, performed at constant current densities between about 10 mAh / cm2 and about 50 mAh / cm2, and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes. The electrolysis is performed under a blanketing atmosphere, the blanketing atmosphere being substantially free of lithium reactive components. Methods are further proposed for vertically integrating the electrolytic fabrication of highly pure lithium metal electrodes into the production of lithium metal batteries, the fabrication of lithium electrodes and lithium metal batteries being performed in a single facility.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production diaphragms, and relates to coating slurry for a composite diaphragm in an alkaline electrolytic cell and a preparation method of the coating slurry. The coating slurry comprises a high-molecular polymer, an inorganic hydrophilic oxide, a polymer electrolyte, a pore-foaming agent and an organic solvent. The high-molecular polymer is polysulfone, and the inorganic hydrophilic oxide is titanium dioxide; and the polymer electrolyte is acacia gum. And the pore-foaming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone. Titanium dioxide is used as a filler, so that the hydrophilicity of the hydrophobic polysulfone membrane can be improved, and the transfer of hydroxyl ions is facilitated. Hydroxyl, amino and other hydrophilic groups of the acacia gum are migrated to a membrane-water interface, and the groups and a membrane matrix are combined to form a hydrogen bond network, so that the stability and the water adsorption capacity of the membrane are enhanced, and the composite membrane with low surface resistance, smooth surface, compact coating and good mechanical capacity is obtained. The nylon and the acacia gum are adopted, cost is low, and large-scale production is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing deuterated olefin under catalysis of a palladium membrane by taking D2O as a deuterium source, and belongs to the technical field of synthesis of deuterated olefin building blocks. According to the method, a three-chamber electrolytic tank separated by a palladium membrane and an ion exchange membrane is used as a reactor, the palladium membrane is used as a working electrode, an electrolyte deuterium aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, deuterium water is electrolyzed through a constant-potential electrolysis method, and formed active deuterium is transmitted to one side of an organic reaction taking absolute ethyl alcohol or cyclohexane as an organic solvent; and catalyzing an alkyne compound by using a palladium membrane modified by sodium thiophenol to perform reduction deuterization so as to synthesize a deuterated olefin compound with high selectivity, and further synthesizing a corresponding deuterated drug. The invention provides a green, efficient, high-universality and low-cost amplification synthesis method for synthesizing a deuterated olefin building block containing a functional group easy to reduce and hydrolyze, and the method has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to a method (10) for producing an electrochemical cell (12), in particular an electrolysis cell (14), comprising a cell substrate (16), a first electrode layer (26), a second electrode layer (32), and an electrolyte layer (28) arranged between the first electrode layer (26) and the second electrode layer (32), the electrolyte layer comprising zirconium oxide stabilized at least with scandium (Sc), wherein the electrolyte layer (28) is deposited by a sputtering process. It is proposed that a target be used in the sputtering process which has at least 10 atomic percent (At%) of scandium (Sc) relative to the metals of the target.

The invention provides a preparation method of a bipolar membrane based on a charged nanosheet catalyst layer and application of the bipolar membrane in seawater dissociation, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: A) coating a smooth substrate with a positive (negative) ion exchange membrane liquid, and drying to obtain a positive (negative) ion exchange membrane layer; dissolving the modified charged nanosheet to obtain a modified charged nanosheet solution; b) ultrasonically spraying the modified charged nanosheet solution on a positive (negative) ion exchange membrane layer, and drying to obtain a bipolar membrane middle layer; and C) ultrasonically spraying anion (cation) exchange membrane liquid to the bipolar membrane middle layer, and drying to obtain the bipolar membrane. According to the invention, the idea of introducing confinement mass transfer into the bipolar membrane intermediate layer is adopted, the charged nanosheets are stacked in an ultrasonic spraying manner, the distance is regulated and controlled through the modified charged nanosheets to construct the bipolar membrane intermediate layer, and the bipolar membrane has sub-nano or nano-scale charged channels, low common ion leakage and excellent water dissociation performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, in particular to a self-supporting hollow carbon membrane electrode and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that a self-supporting hollow carbon nanofiber membrane with metal M and metal M compound heterojunction is prepared through a coaxial electrostatic spinning technology; the self-supporting electrode with a high specific surface area and a rapid mass transfer channel is formed by regulating and controlling the flow rate of the spinning solution of the outer layer and the inner layer and a high-temperature carbonization process, the metal M is selected from one of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese and molybdenum, and the metal M compound is one of oxide, hydroxide, carbide, nitride, phosphide and chalcogenide. Compared with the prior art, the self-supporting hollow carbon membrane electrode disclosed by the invention has good mechanical stability, good hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and excellent HER and OER bifunctional catalytic activity, and can be used for efficiently and completely decomposing water.

The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical device for extracting copper from copper-containing wastewater and an extraction method using the same. Cu-based chalcogenide, as an electrode material, forms an electrochemical device with other electrodes. The device is an electrocatalytic coupling deionization system with electrochemical oxidative decomplexing performance, and has a good selective removal effect of Cu2+ from organic complex copper-containing wastewater, strongly acidic wastewater, and wastewater interfered by high concentration salt ions and heavy metal ions. With this device, the organic complex pollutant Cu-EDTAn can be effectively decomplexed to complete the extraction of Cu2+.

The invention provides a composite diaphragm as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of diaphragms. The composite diaphragm comprises a porous layer, the porous layer comprises organic polymer resin, inorganic particles and polymer fibers, and the polymer fibers are polymer fibers modified with hydrophilic groups.

An electrochemical reactor, including a channel for containing and directing flow of an electrolyte stream, wherein the electrolyte stream includes an electrolyte and an iron-containing feedstock; an anode and a cathode positioned in contact with the channel; and a source of a magnetic field positioned in proximity to the cathode, wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock to iron metal at a surface of the cathode and in a magnetic field of the source, and wherein the at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock is electrochemically reduced to the iron metal at a current efficiency of at least 0.75, wherein the current efficiency is a ratio of charge used for the reduction of the iron-containing feedstock to a total charge provided to the cathode.

A method for the generation of a gas mixture including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen for use in hydroformylation plants, including the steps of evaporating water to steam; feeding the steam to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at a sufficient temperature for the cell or cell stack to operate while effecting a partial conversion of steam to hydrogen; utilizing the effluent SOEC gas including H2 together with CO2 from an external source as feed for a RWGS reactor in which the RWGS reaction takes place, converting some of the CO2 and H2 to CO and H2O; removing some of or all the remaining steam from the raw product gas stream; using said gas mixture comprising CO, CO2 and H2 for liquid phase hydroformylation utilizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as reactants, while recycling CO2 to the RWGS reactor.

A combined method for carbon sequestration and water treatment is described in the present invention. Said carbon sequestration comprises capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide in an aqueous solution, and said water treatment comprises simultaneous removal of said carbon dioxide from said aqueous solution by electrochemical deposition of metal carbonates, hydroxides and / or mixed salts crystallised on crystallisation seeds or beads. The metal carbonates, hydroxides and mixed salts are insoluble or sparingly soluble inorganic compounds obtained from the captured carbon dioxide by chemical reactions with water and metal cations contained in said pre-treated water. The crystallisation seeds are seeding crystals serving as nucleation centres for crystal growth of the metal carbonates, hydroxides and / or mixed salts from the alkaline stream. The crystallisation seeds and beads are optionally chemically modified with chemical functional groups to provide selective tuneable purity to the crystalline metal carbonates, hydroxides and / or mixed salts crystallised on said seeds or beads.

The invention belongs to the field of hydrogen production by alkaline electrolyzed water, and particularly relates to a double-functional-group alkaline electrolyzed water composite diaphragm as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the double-functional-group alkaline electrolyzed water composite diaphragm comprises the following steps: S1, mixing nano ceramic particles with a modification liquid, and performing a modification reaction to obtain amino and sulfydryl double-functional-group modified nano ceramic particles, wherein the modification liquid contains an amino silane coupling agent and a sulfydryl silane coupling agent; the polymer supporting layer is placed in sulfonation liquid to be subjected to sulfonation modification reaction, and then a sulfonated polymer supporting layer is obtained; and S3, mixing the bifunctional group modified nano ceramic particles, a polymer, a pore forming agent and a first organic solvent to obtain a membrane casting solution, degassing the membrane casting solution, coating a sulfonated polymer supporting layer with the membrane casting solution to form a membrane, and performing phase inversion in a coagulating bath to obtain the bifunctional group alkaline electrolyzed water composite membrane. The double-functional-group alkaline electrolyzed water composite diaphragm provided by the invention is good in mechanical property, stable in performance, low in surface resistance and good in air tightness.

Bipolar plate (1) for an electrochemical system, in particular for an electrolyzer, comprising at least one layer (2) and at least one insert (10), the layer (2) comprising - at least one through-opening (3, 4) as an inlet or outlet for a fluid, - a flow field (8) with an electrochemically active region, wherein the insert (10) is arranged at the through-opening (3, 4) and comprises a fluid guidance structure (12) for guiding the fluid, wherein the fluid guiding structure (12) of the insert (10) has several protrusions (14, 24) and is arranged in the flow direction of the fluid between the flow field (8) and the through-opening (3, 4), such that the fluid is guided from the through-opening (3, 4) through the fluid guiding structure (12) between the protrusions (14, 24) to the flow field (8) or vice versa, wherein the fluid guidance structure (12) comprises a first area (18) and a second area (19) which are arranged next to each other in the direction of fluid flow, wherein the elevations (14, 24) in the first area (18) and in the second area (19) each have different distances from each other and / or are arranged at different densities and / or are shaped differently, such that a flow cross-section in the first area (18) is smaller than a flow cross-section in the second area (19) and / or a flow resistance in the first area (18) is greater than a flow resistance in the second area (19).

The invention discloses an electrochemical separation and recovery method for multiple metals. The method comprises the following steps: providing an electrolytic bath with a cation exchange membrane; the electrolytic cell is divided into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber by the cation exchange membrane; providing a cathode and an anode; preparing an electrolyte solution; placing a multi-metal-containing thiosulfate leachate, a chlorate and an anode in the anode chamber, and placing the electrolyte solution and a cathode in the cathode chamber; and voltage is applied to the cathode and the anode, and after the reaction is completed, base metal deposited on the cathode and precious metal deposited on the anode are recycled respectively. The electrolysis device provided with the cation exchange membrane is adopted, precious metal complex ions and other metal ions are separated and stored in different electrolysis chambers under the action of an electric field, precious metal is recycled at the anode and other metal is recycled at the cathode by further combining chemical and electrochemical actions, and the separation and purification process of the metal recycling process can be shortened.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a separator and an electrolysis device capable of stably generating a large amount of hydrogen. [Solution] The separator comprises a separator body having a first surface and a second surface, a first supply hole and a first discharge hole formed on one diagonal line of the separator body on the first surface and penetrating the separator body, a plurality of first groove portions formed in a region between the first supply hole and the first discharge hole, a trapezoidal first diffusion flow path extending from the first supply hole to the first groove portion and gradually increasing in width dimension from the first supply hole to the first groove portion, a trapezoidal first convergence flow path extending from the first groove portion to the first discharge hole and gradually decreasing in width dimension from the first groove portion to the first discharge hole, a first diffusion guide portion provided in the first diffusion flow path and guiding the fluid from the first supply hole to the first groove portion, and a first convergence guide portion provided in the first convergence flow path and guiding the fluid from the first groove portion to the first discharge hole.

The present disclosure relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products. Herein are systems and processes for extracting lithium using ion exchange materials, where transition metal impurities may be removed from the synthetic lithium solution. In some embodiments, the transition metal species are reformulated to form ion exchange materials to be used in the systems and processes described herein.

A water electrolyzer includes a water electrolysis cell, a voltage applicator, a pressure regulating valve, and a controller. The water electrolysis cell includes a diaphragm or an electrolyte membrane, an anode, and a cathode. The anode is provided in one of two spaces separated by the diaphragm, or on one of two main surfaces of the electrolyte membrane. The cathode is provided in the other one of the two spaces separated by the diaphragm, or on the other one of the two main surfaces of the electrolyte membrane. The voltage applicator applies voltage between the anode and the cathode. In start-up of the water electrolyzer, the controller controls the voltage applicator to increase current flowing through the water electrolysis cell, and then controls the pressure regulating valve to increase set pressure of the pressure regulating valve.

A process for producing refined lithium metal can include: a) processing a lithium chemical feedstock material using an electrowinning apparatus to produce a crude lithium metal having a first purity; b) combining the crude lithium metal with a carrier material to create a lithium-rich feed alloy; c) introducing the lithium-rich feed alloy as a feedstock material to an electrorefining apparatus and processing the lithium-rich feed alloy using the electrorefining apparatus to separate lithium metal from the carrier material thereby producing i) a refined lithium metal having a second purity that is greater than the first purity and ii) a lithium-depleted alloy that comprises the carrier material and less lithium metal than the lithium-rich feed alloy; and d) extracting the lithium-depleted alloy from the electrorefining apparatus and recycling at least a portion of the lithium-depleted alloy to provide at least a portion of the carrier material used in step b).