44 results about "YTTERBIUM OXIDE" patented technology

This invention discloses a composite rare earth oxide co-stabilized zirconia ceramic microsphere and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of zirconia ceramic microspheres. The zirconia ceramic microspheres are prepared from 80-90 parts by mass of tetragonal zirconia (ZrO2) powder, 0.5-1 parts by mass of alumina (Al2O3) powder, 5-10 parts by mass of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) powder, and 5-10 parts by mass of composite rare earth oxide powder. This invention uses tetragonal zirconia as the base material, adds yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as a stabilizer, and further adds composite rare earth oxides ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) and nano-gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3). Yb2O3 serves as the second stabilizer, while Gd2O3 enhances the ferroelastic toughening effect of the ceramic. The combined effect of the two rare earth oxides increases the strength of the zirconia ceramic microspheres.

The invention relates to a preparation method of ytterbium oxide with specific granularity and specific surface area, and belongs to the technical field of rare earth oxide preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing oxalic acid into an oxalic acid solution with the mass fraction of 5-15wt%; preparing ytterbium chloride into an ytterbium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol / L; a polyvinyl alcohol dispersing agent solution with the mass fraction of 0.8-1.5 wt% is added into the ytterbium chloride solution, the adding amount of the polyvinyl alcohol dispersing agent solution is 2-4% of the mass of the ytterbium chloride solution, and ytterbium chloride mixed liquid is obtained; warm water is added into a reaction kettle, the ytterbium chloride mixed solution is continuously added along with stirring operation, and then the oxalic acid solution is continuously added; and directly carrying out vacuum filtration without aging, collecting a filter cake, and calcining to obtain a finished product. By optimizing the using amount of the dispersing agent and the precipitation process and accurately controlling process parameters, the obtained product is stable in performance, uniform in particle size distribution, small in specific surface area deviation and good in reproducibility.

The application discloses a kind of heterostructure supported catalyst and its preparation method and application, belong to catalytic technical field.The heterostructure supported catalyst provided by the application includes Yb oxide base and metal nanoparticles;The metal nanoparticles are loaded in the Yb oxide base;The metal nanoparticles include ruthenium and doped metal;The doped metal includes at least one of cobalt, iron or manganese.The application loads the metal nanoparticles of ruthenium and doped metal in Yb oxide base, constructs metal / oxide heterostructure, induces strong metal-support electron interaction, this interaction can effectively adjust the local electronic structure of active site, realizes the promotion of catalytic performance, so that the catalyst has the advantages of strong binding force, chemical interface stability, higher catalytic activity and stability, etc., can be prepared for good performance used in electrolytic water hydrogen evolution reaction cathode.

This invention discloses a ytterbium-doped fiber preform, a ytterbium-doped active fiber, and their preparation method. First, a quartz deposition tube with a porous core layer deposited on its inner surface is prepared using the MCVD process. After heating and breaking off one end of the tube, a solution containing ytterbium rare earth salt and a co-doperant is injected into the quartz deposition tube. After thorough soaking and drying / shrinking, a rare earth-doped core rod is obtained. During the liner shrinking stage, vapor containing ytterbium compounds is introduced into the tube to reduce the loss of ytterbium oxide due to diffusion and volatilization during the liner shrinking stage, thereby obtaining a uniformly doped ytterbium-doped fiber preform. The preform prepared by this invention has a uniform ytterbium ion concentration distribution in the core layer, and the ytterbium-doped fiber obtained by drawing exhibits high laser slope efficiency.

A wafer support body 10 is provided with: a substrate 16 that comprises a ceramic sintered compact; and a conducting member 18 that encapsulates at least part of the substrate. The substrate 16 contains at least 96% by mass of aluminum oxide, contains 0.47–1.83% by mass of zirconium as the zirconium oxide equivalent, and contains 0–0.48% by mass of yttrium or ytterbium as the yttrium oxide or ytterbium oxide equivalent.

The application relates to a low-temperature calcined ytterbium oxide powder and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder processing. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting ytterbium carbonate with malonic acid in an aqueous solution to generate a ytterbium malonate precursor; dispersing the ytterbium malonate precursor in a buffer solution, adding a dopamine salt for polymerization coating, and forming a polydopamine coating layer on the surface of the particles; and calcining the coated compound at 500-750 DEG C to obtain the ytterbium oxide powder. The ytterbium malonate is used to replace the traditional ytterbium carbonate precursor, so that the thermal decomposition temperature can be effectively reduced; the carbon coating layer formed by carbonization of the polydopamine plays a particle spacing protection role in the calcination process, effectively inhibits excessive grain growth and hard agglomeration, and high-dispersity and high-purity ytterbium oxide powder can be obtained at a low temperature. The method has low raw material cost, simple and controllable process, is green and environment-friendly, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The present application relates to waste resource utilization, environmental protection catalytic material and atmospheric pollution control field, disclose a kind of porous ceramic SCR denitration catalyst, the porous ceramic SCR denitration catalyst includes porous ceramic carrier, and active component and promoter supported on the surface of porous ceramic carrier;Wherein, the active component contains lanthanum oxychloride;The promoter contains ytterbium oxide and erbium oxide;Raw material in preparation the porous ceramic carrier contains waste steel slag, attapulgite, activated carbon, nano iron powder and forming agent.The porous ceramic SCR denitration catalyst of the application has higher NO x removal efficiency, low cost, with broad market prospect.

The application discloses a near-net forming preparation process of high-transmittance large-size magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramics, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of high-performance transparent ceramics. The process is characterized by the following steps: firstly, magnesium-aluminum spinel raw material powder is mixed with lithium-free composite sintering additives according to a mass ratio; the composite sintering additives are composed of magnesium fluoride, ytterbium fluoride and ytterbium oxide in a molar ratio; the mixed powder is cold isostatic pressed into a preform; after being crushed, the preform is subjected to high-low pressure cycle pressing near-net forming; the obtained blank is first hot-pressed and pre-sintered, then is treated in a fluorine-containing atmosphere, and finally is subjected to hot isostatic pressing sintering; and finally, the finished product is obtained through post-processing. The process successfully overcomes the bottleneck in the preparation of large-size components, realizes the net forming of the magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic with a diagonal size greater than 400 mm, the transmittance of the finished product is more than 93% in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm, the bending strength is more than 194 MPa, and the raw material cost and equipment dependence are significantly reduced.

A sputtering method according to the present disclosure involves performing sputtering on a substrate (10) by using an Yb oxide as a target material (200) in a state in which the pressure in a chamber (110) filled with a noble gas is set to 2 Pa or higher.

The application relates to the field of wear-resistant ceramic materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-wear-resistant ceramic material for a gas valve plate, wherein ceramic powder is ball milled to obtain slurry, a binder composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and fatty acid modified nanocellulose and a sulfuric acid ester surfactant are added into the slurry, the ball milling is continuously carried out, spray granulation is carried out to obtain composite powder, the composite powder is pressed into a blank, and finally, the blank is sintered in an inert gas atmosphere, the ceramic material prepared by the method has excellent mechanical properties, and has good compression resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance; through comparison, it is found that the addition of zirconium oxide, samarium oxide, ytterbium oxide, carboxymethyl cellulose, fatty acid modified nanocellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate has a positive effect on improving the various properties of the ceramic material.

The invention relates to an ultrahigh-temperature thermal protection coating, a workpiece comprising the coating and a preparation method of the workpiece. The coating comprises a protective layer, the material of the protective layer is an ultrahigh-temperature-resistant ceramic composite powder material, the ultrahigh-temperature-resistant ceramic composite powder material is a solid solution compound prepared from hafnium oxide and rare earth oxide, the rare earth oxide is one or two of ytterbium oxide and lutetium oxide, and the protective layer is prepared from the following components in percentage by mole: 1-10% of ytterbium oxide and 1-10% of lutetium oxide. The content of hafnium oxide in the raw materials is 70 to 90 mol.%, and the content of the rare earth oxide in the raw materials is 10 to 30 mol.%. In a 2810 DEG C plasma long-time simulation ablation test, the coating prepared from the ceramic composite powder material does not generate obvious ablation damage within at least 300 seconds, preferably within 690 seconds, and more preferably within 730 seconds, and has good high temperature resistance.

The invention provides an erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber with a highly phosphorus-doped fiber core as well as a preparation method and application of the erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber. The erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber is sequentially provided with the fiber core, an inner cladding and a coating from inside to outside, the molar content of phosphorus pentoxide in the fiber core is 10 mol%-15 mol%, the molar content of erbium oxide in the fiber core is 0.02 mol%-0.12 mol%, the molar content of ytterbium oxide in the fiber core is 1 mol%-1.5 mol%, and the balance is silicon dioxide; the difference value of the molar content of phosphorus pentoxide in any two parts of the fiber core is smaller than or equal to 0.8 mol%. According to the erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in all positions in the fiber core is uniformly distributed while the fiber core is doped with high phosphorus content, and the gain performance and the gain consistency of the erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber are improved.

The application provides a high thermal shock resistance arched ceramic coating part and a preparation method and an aero-engine, and relates to the technical field of ceramic coating. The high thermal shock resistance arched ceramic coating part comprises an arched alloy base material and an arched ceramic coating arranged on the surface of the arched alloy base material; the arched ceramic coating comprises a bottom layer, an intermediate layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, and the bottom layer is adjacent to the arched alloy base material; the arched alloy base material comprises a nickel-based high-temperature alloy; the bottom layer comprises an MCrAlYHfSi alloy; the intermediate layer comprises nano-zirconium oxide and Y2O3; the surface layer comprises ytterbium oxide, gadolinium oxide and yttrium oxide modified zirconium oxide; the elastic modulus of the bottom layer, the intermediate layer and the surface layer is sequentially increased, and the thermal expansion coefficient is sequentially decreased. The arched structure design of the arched alloy base material and the arched ceramic coating is adopted, the stress distribution mode of the traditional plane coating is changed, the stress concentration is reduced, and the thermal shock resistance of the coating is enhanced.

The invention relates to the field of preparation of thermal barrier coatings through electron beam physical vapor deposition, and discloses a preparation method of ceramic target solid solution particles and a preparation method of a zirconium acid gadolinium ytterbium ceramic target. Ceramic target material solid solution particles for preparing the zirconium acid gadolinium ytterbium ceramic target material are prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 31 to 55 parts of zirconium oxide, 40 to 60 parts of gadolinium oxide, 4 to 8 parts of ytterbium oxide, 0.3 to 0.5 part of dispersing agent and 0.5 to 0.7 part of binding agent. The gadolinium ytterbium zirconate ceramic target prepared from the ceramic target solid solution particles not only meets the use requirements of electron beam physical vapor deposition, but also has higher use temperature, lower heat conductivity coefficient and longer service life compared with the traditional thermal barrier coating.

The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory material production, and particularly relates to a cast alpha-beta corundum brick and a preparation method thereof. The cast alpha-beta corundum brick is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 94 to 97 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.3 to 1.2 parts of spinel micro powder, 4 to 6 parts of alkali powder and 0.2 to 0.8 part of ytterbium oxide. The D50 of the aluminum oxide raw material is 40-70 [mu] m, and the particle size of the alkali powder raw material is less than or equal to 180 [mu] m. The volume density of the prepared fused cast alpha-beta corundum brick is as high as 3.58 g / cm < 3 > or above, the apparent porosity is lower than 3.1%, the normal-temperature compression strength can reach 288 MPa or above, and the fused cast alpha-beta corundum brick has excellent erosion resistance and high-temperature phase stability.

A zirconia sintered body with excellent translucency and hydrothermal degradation resistance is provided. A production method for a zirconia sintered body that is to be disclosed herein includes a process body preparing step of preparing a process body containing zirconia and yttria and / or ytterbia, in which a total proportion of the yttria and the ytterbia is 4 mol % or more and 6 mol % or less when a total of the zirconia, the yttria, and the ytterbia is set to 100 mol %, a first heating step of heating the process body at 800° C. or higher and 1200° C. or lower, a second heating step of heating the process body after the first heating step at 1600° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower by microwave heating, and a cooling step of decreasing a temperature of the process body after the second heating step to 1300° C. at a rate of 50° C. / min or more.

The present application relates to the field of catalysts, and discloses a monolithic catalyst for catalytic combustion of organic waste gas containing cyclohexane, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for catalytic combustion of organic waste gas containing cyclohexane.The catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component; wherein the carrier comprises a honeycomb ceramic containing a TS-1 molecular sieve coating; and the active component comprises a noble metal and ytterbium oxide.The catalyst of the present application can be used for catalytic combustion of organic waste gas containing cyclohexane, and can catalytically combust volatile organic compounds such as cyclohexane into carbon dioxide and water, and has high stability and catalyst activity.

There is provided a photonics device including: a doped material including an oxide host hosting a system of ytterbium oxide and network modifiers, containing above 0.5×1026 ions / m3 of ytterbium; a laser pump directed to the doped material; and the lifetime of an excited state of the ytterbium in response to the laser pump is of above 0.9 ms and a phonon energy of the host material is above 1000 cm−1.

This application relates to a high-temperature resistant invisible anti-counterfeiting material for sanitary ceramics, its preparation method, and its application. The raw materials of this high-temperature resistant invisible anti-counterfeiting material include, by weight percentage: 90wt%-95wt% of component A and 5wt%-10wt% of component B. Component A contains 25wt%-32wt% quartz, 7wt%-12wt% kaolin, 5wt%-10wt% dolomite, 25wt%-30wt% feldspar, 6wt%-11wt% calcite, 5wt%-8wt% wollastonite, and 10wt%-14wt% zirconium silicate. Component B contains 38wt%-47wt% alumina, 29wt%-37wt% strontium carbonate, 2wt%-5wt% barium carbonate, 8wt%-11wt% thulium oxide, 2wt%-5wt% gadolinium oxide, 1wt%-2wt% ytterbium oxide, and 5wt%-8wt% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The high-temperature resistant invisible anti-counterfeiting material prepared in this application conceals product information under natural light irradiation and displays clear product information under ultraviolet light irradiation, thereby achieving the invisible effect of anti-counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting information.

According to the present disclosure, a zirconia sintered body with excellent translucency and hydrothermal degradation resistance is provided. A production method for a zirconia sintered body that is to be disclosed herein includes a process body preparing step of preparing a process body containing zirconia and yttria and / or ytterbia, in which a total proportion of the yttria and the ytterbia is 4 mol % or more and 6 mol % or less when a total of the zirconia, the yttria, and the ytterbia is set to 100 mol %, a first heating step of heating the process body at 800° C. or higher and 1200° C. or lower, a second heating step of heating the process body after the first heating step at 1600° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower by microwave heating, and a cooling step of decreasing a temperature of the process body after the second heating step to 1300° C. at a rate of 50° C. / min or more.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of eutectic composite metal ceramic. The method comprises the following steps: mixing ytterbium oxide, nickel oxide and iron oxide, carrying out pressure molding to obtain a green body, sintering the green body in an air atmosphere to obtain a sintered body, and melting, cooling and crushing the sintered body to obtain eutectic ceramic particles; and the eutectic ceramic particles, nickel ferrite powder and an adhesive are mixed and molded, then calcined, degummed and fired, and the eutectic composite metal ceramic is obtained. According to the method, a metal powder raw material is not used, a metal phase is separated out at the grain boundary of eutectic particles in an in-situ oxygen loss mode, and the corrosion resistance of the material is greatly improved on the basis that the conductivity of the material is guaranteed. The prepared eutectic composite metal ceramic inert anode material has important application in the fields of zero-carbon molten salt electrolytic aluminum, zero-carbon molten salt electrolytic magnesium, zero-carbon molten salt electrolytic rare earth, zero-carbon molten salt electrolytic carbon dioxide and the like.

The present application relates to the field of environmental barrier coatings or integrated thermal environmental barrier coatings, and particularly relates to a yttrium-holmium-erbium-ytterbium non-equiatomic high-entropy rare earth monosilicate ceramic material and a preparation method thereof. x Ho (1‑x) / 3 Er (1‑x) / 3Yb (1‑x) / 3 )2SiO5, wherein the atomic molar amount x of Y ranges from 0.05 to 0.95. The yttria powder, holmia powder, erbium oxide powder, ytterbia powder and silica powder are used as raw materials, wet mixing is performed, pressureless sintering is performed in an air atmosphere, and then sintering is performed in a hot-pressing furnace with a protective atmosphere, so that the high-entropy rare earth monosilicate ceramic material with high purity and excellent high-temperature thermal physical properties is obtained.

The invention provides an electric melting manufacturing method of yttrium ytterbium silicate, and belongs to the technical field of inorganic non-metallic materials. Silica sand, yttrium oxide and ytterbium oxide which are easy to obtain are adopted as raw materials and put into an electric arc furnace in batches to be smelted, furnace charge is smelted into high-temperature melt through segmented melting-refining heat preservation homogenization, the raw materials are subjected to high-temperature chemical reaction, and melt with the porosity smaller than 2% is obtained through high-temperature refining heat preservation exhaust; and finally preparing yttrium ytterbium silicate with high density and low porosity. According to the preparation method, an electric arc furnace melting process is adopted, powder prepared through a high-temperature chemical reaction of an electric arc furnace is higher in density and lower in porosity compared with powder prepared through a solid-phase sintering method, and the environment barrier coating prepared through cooperation of the prepared yttrium ytterbium silicate and an atmospheric plasma spraying technology is high in density and lower in porosity; the requirements on oxidation failure resistance and high-temperature water vapor corrosion resistance of the ceramic-based composite material in a use environment can be met.

The invention discloses a silicon nitride fiber monolithic ceramic and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, ytterbium oxide, yttrium oxide and a solvent are mixed, and main material mixed powder is obtained after ball milling, drying, grinding and sieving are conducted; stirring and mixing the dispersing agent, the binder, the plasticizer and the solvent to obtain a mixed solution; ball-milling the mixed solution and the main material mixed powder together to prepare a spinning solution, uniformly spraying the spinning solution into a coagulating bath through a spinning nozzle, and coagulating to obtain a silicon nitride fiber precursor; soaking the precursor in interface layer slurry obtained by mixing boron nitride and aluminum oxide powder to obtain a silicon nitride fiber precursor with an interface layer; cutting, carrying out single-axis or cross arrangement in a mold, and carrying out pre-pressing to obtain a fiber monolithic pre-pressed green body; pre-pressing a green body, and drying to obtain the green body; discharging glue; and carrying out hot pressed sintering to obtain the silicon nitride fiber monolithic ceramic. The process is simple, the cost is low, and the laser ablation resistance is improved.

This invention belongs to the field of functional coatings, specifically disclosing an infrared stealth coating, its preparation method, and its application. The coating comprises a first ceramic layer, a second ceramic layer, and a modified layer stacked sequentially. The first ceramic layer is made of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The second ceramic layer is made of zirconium oxide and at least two oxides selected from yttrium oxide, gadolinium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide, thulium oxide, and neodymium oxide doped in the zirconium oxide. The modified layer contains Ti, Al, or an AlTi alloy. The coating of this invention, by introducing a modified layer to encapsulate the ceramic layer, exhibits high bonding strength between the ceramic layer and the modified layer, exceeding 70 MPa, and possesses excellent thermal insulation performance and low infrared emissivity. Specifically, the coating's thermal conductivity from room temperature to 1500℃ is <1 W / m·K, and its infrared emissivity under atmospheric conditions is ≤0.55.

The present technology relates to an electrode for electrolysis which has a coating layer containing an ytterbium oxide, wherein the electrode for electrolysis of the present technology is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage. Further, the present technology relates to a method of preparing an electrode for electrolysis which includes: applying a coating composition on at least one surface of a metal base, and coating by drying and heat-treating the metal base on which the coating composition has been applied, wherein the coating composition includes a ruthenium precursor and an ytterbium precursor.

The application provides a high-entropy fluorite oxide modified calcium-based thermochemical heat storage material and a preparation method thereof, the material comprising a calcium-based material and a high-entropy fluorite oxide, the mass percentage of the calcium-based material being 70-85%, the calcium-based material being calcium oxide, and the high-entropy fluorite oxide being a fluorite structure oxide formed by zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and ytterbium, the molar ratio of the zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and ytterbium oxides being 1:1:1:1:1, the high-entropy fluorite oxide being used as an anti-sintering component to disperse the calcium oxide and hinder the sintering of the calcium oxide, and at the same time, the high-entropy fluorite oxide promotes the adsorption, dissociation and migration of CO2 on the surface of the material, so that the cycle stability and energy density of the heat storage material are improved.

The thermal barrier coating system comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer in sequence from inside to outside, the bottom layer is an MCrAlY coating and comprises, by weight, 12-15 parts of Al, 0.1-0.5 part of Hf, 0.5-1.0% of Y, 0.1-0.5 part of B and the balance X, X is Ni, Co and Cr in equal proportion, Al / (Ni + Co + Cr) is larger than or equal to 0.12 and smaller than or equal to 0.18, and (Hf + Y + B) / Al is larger than or equal to 0.05 and smaller than or equal to 0.17; the middle layer is a zirconium oxide-nickel chromium metal ceramic coating and comprises the following chemical components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of Ni, 1-7 parts of Cr, 1-2 parts of Al and the balance of MgO stable ZrO2, and (Cr + Al) / (Ni + MgO stable ZrO2) is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.11; the surface layer is a ytterbium oxide stabilized zirconia coating and comprises the following chemical components in parts by weight: 7-12 parts of Yb2O3 and 28-93 parts of ZrO2. The thermal barrier coating system disclosed by the invention has high-temperature resistance and also has excellent scouring resistance and cold and hot fatigue stability. The middle layer can resist the temperature of 900 DEG C, and the surface layer can resist the temperature of 1500 DEG C, so that the requirement on the performance of the heat-resistant component is met.

According to the high-temperature nickel battery used at the temperature of 55 + / -2 DEG C, modified nickel hydroxide is adopted as a positive electrode active material, rare earth elements yttrium oxide and ytterbium oxide are adopted as additives, and the additives, the gelatinizing agent and the adhesive act together, so that the stability and the conductivity of the positive electrode material at the high temperature are improved. The invention further provides a preparation method of the high-temperature nickel battery used at the temperature of 55 + / -2 DEG C. According to the preparation method, paste preparation, grouting and continuous production modes are adopted, positive electrode paste flows into a pre-pressed positive electrode substrate material in a self-flowing mode, it is ensured that the paste can be evenly and fully filled into pores of a substrate, surface treatment and post-treatment are adopted, the flatness and smoothness of the surface of a positive plate are ensured, and the high-temperature nickel battery used at the temperature of 55 + / -2 DEG C is obtained. And the product quality and reliability are improved.

The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant ceramic composite powder material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The ceramic composite powder material is formed by compounding hafnium oxide and rare earth oxide, wherein the rare earth oxide comprises one or two of lutetium oxide and ytterbium oxide. The method comprises the following steps: mixing hafnium oxide and rare earth oxide, carrying out spray granulation, and carrying out plasma spheroidizing on the powder obtained by granulation to prepare spherical powder with sufficient solid solution and better strength. The high-temperature-resistant ceramic composite powder provided by the invention is suitable for preparing an ultra-high-temperature-resistant oxidation-resistant coating, and in a plasma simulation ablation test, the coating does not generate obvious ablation damage, has good high-temperature resistance and can also be used for doping modification of refractory metal materials.