179 results about "Erosion rate" patented technology

A ceramic article which is resistant to erosion by halogen-containing plasmas used in semiconductor processing. The ceramic article includes ceramic which is multi-phased, typically including two phase to three phases. The ceramic is formed from yttrium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 50 mole % to about 75 mole %; zirconium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 10 mole % to about 30 mole %; and at least one other component, selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, scandium oxide, neodymium oxide, niobium oxide, samarium oxide, ytterbium oxide, erbium oxide, cerium oxide, and combinations thereof, at a molar concentration ranging from about 10 mole % to about 30 mole %.

A ceramic article useful in semiconductor processing, which is resistant to erosion by halogen-containing plasmas. The ceramic article is formed from a combination of yttrium oxide and zirconium oxide. In a first embodiment, the ceramic article includes ceramic which is formed from yttrium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 90 mole % to about 70 mole %, and zirconium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 10 mole % to about 30 mole %. In a second embodiment, the ceramic article includes ceramic which is formed from zirconium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 96 mole % to about 94 mole %, and yttrium oxide at a molar concentration ranging from about 4 mole % to about 6 mole %.

A water soluble, biodegradable reverse thermal gelation system comprising a mixture of at least two types of tri-block copolymer components is disclosed. The tri-block copolymer components are made of a hydrophobic biodegradable polyester A-polymer block and a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol B-polymer block. The drug release and gel matrix erosion rates of the biodegradable reverse thermal gelation system may be modulated by various parameters such as the hydrophobic/hydrophilic component contents, polymer block concentrations, molecular weights and gelation temperatures, and weight ratios of the tri-block copolymer components in the mixture.

The invention provides an ecological environment-friendly dust inhibitor which comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.5-0.8% of modified starch, 0.05-0.10% of microbial polysaccharide, 0.1-0.3% of cellulose derivative, 0.05-0.10% of netty accelerant, 0.05-0.15% of flow dispersant, 0.01-0.10% of film forming agent and 98.0-99.0% of water. The dust inhibitor can enable coal or mineral powder to form a layer of curing film on the surface, is high in viscosity and low in wind erosion rate, can avoid the flowing dust pollution and the flowing dust loss of the coal or the mineral powder to the way side in the railway transportation process, and has a huge economic benefit and a social benefit of environmental protection for railway transportation and coal or mineral powder customers; and the components and a solution of the dust inhibitor do not have any toxic side effect and corrosive effect, the dust inhibitor does not cause any secondary pollution as the dust inhibitor can be quickly and biochemically degraded in the nature after the dust inhibition action period, and the soil can be properly improved.

An erodible prosthesis comprising alternate rates of erosion is disclosed, wherein said alternate rates of erosion can be selectively initiated. Some embodiments according to the invention may comprise an agent for initiating an alternative rate of erosion, such as, for example, a sensitizer, dissolution inhibitor, photo-acid generator, biochemically active additive, thermally activated catalyst, light activated catalyst, electromagnetic radiation activated catalyst, hydration activated catalyst, pH activated catalyst, low melting agent, and/or enzyme activated catalyst. One or more of the foregoing agents may be dispersed within one or more layers.

A drill bit that includes a bit body formed from a matrix powder and at least one cutting element for engaging a formation, wherein the matrix powder included (a) stoichiometric tungsten carbide particles, (b) cemented tungsten carbide particles, and (c) cast tungsten carbide particles, and wherein after formation with the matrix powder, the bit has an erosion rate of less than 0.001 in/hr, a toughness of greater than 20 ksi(in^0.5), and a transverse rupture strength of greater than 140 ksi is disclosed.

The invention is a method of developing a sedimentary basin from a stratigraphic simulation of multilithologic filling accounting for fine sediment transport. The sedimentary basin is broken up into geologic layers with each geologic layer being subdivided into a series of climatic layers. Each climatic layer is associated with at least one constant climatic parameter. A stratigraphic simulation is performed within each climatic layer using a stratigraphic model. The sediment transport in the continental domain and sediment bottom layer transport in the marine and lacustrine domains are modelled using nonlinear diffusion equations under maximum erosion rate constraint. Suspended sediment transport in the marine and lacustrine domain is modeled using an advection-diffusion equation accounting for a particle fall rate and of a marine and lacustrine current velocity. The climatic layers belonging to a single geologic layer are then homogenized and the basin is developed according to the stratigraphic simulation results.

Magnetically shielded miniature Hall thrusters are disclosed that use a unique magnetic field topology that prevents the magnetic field lines from intersecting the discharge channel walls in the acceleration region of the thruster. Instead, the lines of force originating from both the inner and outer pole pieces curve around the downstream edges of the discharge channel and follow the channel walls towards the anode. This unique field topology results in low electron temperature at the discharge channel walls while eliminating strong electric field components that would otherwise lead to high erosion rates and power deposition from ion acceleration into the channel walls.

This invention relates to polymers for self-polishing marine antifouling coatings. More particularly, the invention relates to polymer binders, which provide an erosion rate in seawater that is suitable for use in marine antifouling coatings. These polymer binders contain pendant benzylsilylacrylate groups. Additionally it was found that marine antifouling coatings could be formed with lower silyl acrylate levels using the monomers of the invention, and still achieve a suitable erosion rate in seawater.

A method of providing information regarding erosion in an oil and/or a gas production system, which system includes at least one equipment/piping, the method including the steps of obtaining CFD results regarding hot spots in the equipment/piping from a CFD analysis of the equipment/piping for a range of pressures, flow rates and sand rates; and to, during production, obtaining data regarding erosion rates in a particular location in the system; and combining the data regarding erosion rates and CFD results to estimate and monitor sand erosion rates in the hot spots of the system. Further disclosed is a module performing the method steps as well as a computer program.

Diamond-impregnated cutting tools including fibers and drilling systems incorporating such tools are described. The cutting tools contain a diamond-impregnated cutting portion that contains fibers made from carbon, glass, ceramic, polymer, and the like. The fibers may be used to both control the tensile strength and the erosion rate of the matrix to optimize the cutting performance of the tools. Additionally, the fibers may also weaken the structure and allow higher modulus binders to be used for the cutting tools at a lower cost, allowing the amount of fibers to be tailored to retain the diamonds in the cutting portion for the desired amount. As the cutting portion erodes, the fibers may also increase the lubricity at the face of the cutting portion. Using the fibers allows the cutting tools to last longer and make them safer and more economical because they need to be replaced less often.

A thermal barrier coating high temperature erosion detection method is disclosed. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring initial mass of a sample or an initial area of a thermal barriercoating on a sample surface; spraying a high temperature flame flow to the sample surface fixed at a preset position; when a sample surface temperature and the direction of the high temperature flameflow satisfy certain conditions, doping erosion particles into the high temperature flame flow, and carrying out high temperature erosion on the thermal barrier coating on the sample surface; obtaining residual mass of the sample after high temperature erosion or the remaining area of the thermal barrier coating of the sample surface; and calculating an erosion rate of the thermal barrier coatingof the sample surface based on the initial mass and the residual mass of the sample, or calculating a ratio of the remaining area of the thermal barrier coating and the initial area of the thermal barrier coating based on the initial area of the thermal barrier coating on the sample surface and the remaining area of the thermal barrier coating. Through simulating a high temperature erosion environment under a working condition of an aero-engine, high temperature erosion detection is performed on the thermal barrier coating, a reliable basis is provided for the research of a thermal barrier coating material and detection efficiency of the thermal barrier coating is improved.

The invention discloses a calculation method of scouring a bridge pier by debris flow. The method includes: establishing an erosion rate formula of scouring a bridge by the debris flow, wherein it isassumed that the debris flow is homogeneous mixture and is in an incompressible state in a motion process, an empirical parameter xi is introduced, and the revised erosion rate formula is obtained; completing numerical calculation according to working condition physical-parameters determined by scouring the bridge by the debris flow, wherein the revised erosion rate calculation formula is transformed into a vector form, dispersion on time and space is carried out, the physical parameters of the debris flow are determined, assignment is carried out, a finite volume method is adopted for solvingof the flux Riemann problem, solving is respectively carried out in x and y directions according to the above-mentioned dispersion equations and calculation formats, scouring condition judgement is carried out according to the revised erosion rate formula, and thus a calculation cycle is completed; and carrying out visualization processing to obtain scouring information results, wherein computergraphics and image processing technology are utilized to convert calculation data into graphs or images for output, and conclusions of scouring the bridge pier by the debris flow are obtained.

The invention relates to an automatic liquid level control method for a crystallizer of a large square bland continuous-casting machine, and belongs to the metallurgical steel-making technical field. According to the technical scheme, the automatic liquid level control method comprises the following steps: firstly setting a liquid level output value to be a sinusoidal variation curve; secondly controlling the actual liquid level value to change according to the set liquid level output value by a PID (proportion integration differentiation) control module in a liquid level control program of acomputer so as to finally realize sinusoidal liquid level control of the crystallizer. The automatic liquid level control method has the beneficial effects that by programming and setting the controlmodule, the actual liquid level value of the crystallizer is changed according to the set liquid level value as well as the change cycle and amplitude so as to realize sinusoidal liquid level controlon the crystallizer, thereby effectively reducing the erosion rate of a submersed nozzle of a large square bland, prolonging the continuous casting time and improving the surface quality of casting blank. Statistical data shows that the automatic liquid level control method has obvious effect of prolonging the service life of the nozzle and the continuous casting time; and meanwhile as the liquidlevel of the crystallizer is active and casting powder has good slagging effect, the repair rate of the (casting) blank and (steel) products caused by surface defects is lowered.

An expandable medical device includes a plurality of elongated struts, forming a substantially cylindrical device which is expandable from a cylinder having a first diameter to a cylinder having a second diameter. A plurality of different beneficial agents can be loaded into different openings within the struts for delivery to the tissue. For treatment of specified conditions such as edge effect restenosis or for improved spacial distribution of the delivered beneficial agent, different beneficial agents are loaded into different openings in the device in a predefined pattern. The different beneficial agents may include one or more different drugs, the same drugs in different concentrations or with different erosion rates, or different forms of the same drug.

The invention discloses a composite fireproof material, and belongs to the technical field of fireproof material. The composite fireproof material includes the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 75% of electric-molten and/or sintering magnalium spinel, 5 to 17% of carborundum, 5 to 15% of graphite, 1 to 10% of additive, and 3 to 5% of resin binder which is 3 to 5% of the total mass of all the mentioned components above. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the composite fireproof material. The magnalium spinel is introduced as the main component of the composite fireproof material, thus forming a magnalium spinel-carborundum-carbon fireproof material; compared with alumina, the magnalium spinel reduces the reactivity of CaO in the desulfurizined slag, therefore, the slag resistance of the material is improved, the erosion rate is reduced, and the benefit is brought for prolonging the service life of the pre-desulfurizing hot metal ladle. The composite fireproof material can be applied to a ferrous metallurgy high-temperature container, and particularly serves as the lining of the hot metal ladle for iron-making; and the requirement on smelting the pre-processing hot metal ladle can be met.

The invention discloses a long-acting ground antiseptic resistance-reducing agent (modified), which is characterized by the following: consisting of sodium base alta-mud and graphite; making each item of parameter satisfy all index; keeping resistance property stable under multitime industrial frequency and punching electricity action; protecting ground metal; reducing erosion rate from 0.0245 mm per year to 0.0064 mm per year.