The invention relates to a method for preparing an aquogel matrix, in particular to a method for preparing the aquogel matrix for ultraviolet light three-dimensional (3D) printing and belongs to the technical field of preparation of biological materials. An alkenyl group is ingrafted on a chitosan molecular chain, a sulfydryl group is ingrafted on polyvinyl alcohol, and mixing is performed to obtain the aquogel matrix for ultraviolet light 3D printing. According to the aquogel matrix, sulfydryl-alkene 'click' reaction characteristic is fully utilized, gel forming is rapidly achieved under ultraviolet irradiation, inhibition of oxygen in air or a system can be fully overcome, 3D printing efficiency is greatly increased, cytocompatibility of the aquogel matrix is good, enough supporting environment is provided for cell growth, and cell adhesion, growth and proliferation can be facilitated. The preparation method is simple and low in costs, and industrial production is easy.