350 results about "Glass melting" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent control, in particular to an intelligent control method and system for a high-compatibility charging machine of a glass all-electric melting furnace. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out data preprocessing on obtained original data; state estimation and feature extraction are carried out on the preprocessed data; carrying out distribution track planning based on the extracted features; performing parameter decision by using the control parameters after the neural network distribution track planning; performing control execution and feedback based on a decision result; and outputting a control instruction and a running state. Through multi-source data acquisition and deep analysis, reinforcement learning optimization and an intelligent decision algorithm are combined, and the system can accurately plan a material distribution track and dynamically adjust control parameters such as the spiral conveying rotating speed and the belt speed.

The invention discloses high-strength high-temperature-resistant fireproof industrial glass and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing. The industrial glass is prepared from the following raw materials: silicon dioxide, boric oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, niobium phosphate, a composite reinforcing component and a clarifying agent, the composite reinforcing component is prepared from hafnium oxide, gadolinium oxide and zinc oxide; the clarifying agent is obtained by mixing cerium dioxide and tin oxide. The preparation method of the industrial glass comprises the following steps: preparing functional components, melting glass, forming a glass substrate, and preparing the industrial glass. The prepared industrial glass is high in strength, good in high-temperature stability and excellent in fireproof performance.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of glass manufacturing. Provided are a recipe of glass capable of carbon emission and a preparation method for the glass capable of carbon emission. The recipe comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 53-60% of quartz sand, 12-18% of wollastonite, 5-12% of albite, 0.5-2% of spodumene, and 15-20% of NaOH; on this basis, 2-5% of water and 5-10% of a silica sol binder are additionally added to ensure the humidity and good adhesive effect of a compounded material. The raw materials are fully mixed and then fed to an extrusion molding machine, the pressure in the extrusion molding machine is controlled to be 50-150 MPa, and extrusion is performed to form spherical or flake-shaped pellets having a diameter of 5-15 mm; and the granulated and molded pellets of the compounded material are then preheated to 500°C and put into a kiln for melting to obtain glass capable of carbon emission. The preparation method can improve the utilization rate of the compounded material, shorten the melting time, reduce the melting temperature, improve the quality of glass melting, reduce the unit energy consumption, and reduce the carbon emission.

The invention discloses a low-glass-phase fused zirconia corundum brick with a special structure and a preparation method thereof. The fused zirconia corundum brick comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: greater than or equal to 32.5% of ZrO2, less than or equal to 15% of SiO2, less than or equal to 1.4% of K2O + Na2O + CaO + MgO, and the balance of Al2O3 and inevitable impurities. In addition, the content of a glass phase of the fused zirconia corundum brick is smaller than or equal to 20%, and the glass phase is divided into discontinuous blocky areas by a corundum phase in a microstructure. By optimizing the raw material ratio and the casting process, a unique microstructure is formed in the fused zirconia corundum brick, the glass phase of the fused zirconia corundum brick is uniformly divided into discontinuous areas by a dendritic corundum phase, coarse baddeleyite grains are accompanied around the discontinuous areas, the viscosity of the glass phase is remarkably improved by the structure, the flow connectivity of the fused zirconia corundum brick is effectively limited, and the fused zirconia corundum brick has good heat resistance. The product has excellent characteristics of high glass phase exudation temperature and low exudation amount, the product is particularly suitable for flame space parts of the glass melting furnace, pollution to molten glass can be avoided due to the low glass phase exudation characteristic of the product, the quality of the glass product can be improved, and the service life of the furnace can be prolonged.

The invention provides a method and a system for accurately regulating and controlling waste gas denitration air quantity of a glass melting furnace. According to the method, an ultrasonic Doppler sensor group is arranged around a glass melting furnace flue, ultrasonic beams are synchronously emitted to collect flow velocity pulsation data required by exhaust gas denitration air volume, time sequence waveforms are decomposed to generate multi-dimensional frequency characteristics, and the multi-dimensional frequency characteristics are aggregated into a multi-dimensional flow velocity vector representing a flow field state; vector deviation is synchronously corrected through space coordinate alignment and a time sequence, and difference variable quantity is extracted and fused to generate a flow field thermodynamic diagram; establishing a time-space correlation model of the multi-dimensional flow velocity vector and the thermodynamic diagram, predicting an air volume adjusting threshold value meeting the denitration requirement, and converting the air volume adjusting threshold value into a fan rotating speed control signal to drive an execution mechanism; and according to waste gas pulsation response data caused by fan rotating speed change and thermodynamic diagram updating frequency relevance, multi-dimensional flow velocity vectors are dynamically adjusted to form closed-loop regulation and control. According to the application, the dynamic demand of the denitration air volume and the millisecond-level closed-loop response executed by the fan are realized, the flue gas purification efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses an overflow port structure of an ultra-white rolled glass melting furnace in the technical field of glass melting furnaces. The overflow port structure comprises a branch passage, the overflow port is formed in one side of the tail end of the branch passage; the outlet arch is arranged above the overflow port; the first electric boosting piece is arranged at the bottom of the tail end of the branch path and is used for preventing the molten glass from crystallizing; the second electric boosting pieces are arranged on the overflow port pool walls on the two sides of the overflow port and are used for reducing the transverse temperature difference of the molten glass. According to the invention, an electric boosting mode is adopted, and the molten glass at the tail end of the branch path is integrally heated through the first electric boosting piece, so that the temperature of the molten glass at the tail end of the branch path can be increased, and a crystallization phenomenon is prevented; and the second electric fluxing piece is used for locally heating the glass liquid in the overflow port, so that the transverse temperature difference of the glass liquid in the overflow port is reduced, and the uniformity and the glass quality of the glass liquid are improved.

An apparatus for producing glass includes: a recuperator heating a heat transfer medium through heat exchange with a combustion gas emitted from a glass melting furnace; a reactor causing a reverse shift reaction to progress by heating CO2 gas and H2 gas through heat exchange with the heat transfer medium heated by the recuperator and producing at least CO gas from the CO2 gas and the H2 gas; and a burner forming a flame inside the glass melting furnace by burning a flammable gas containing the CO gas produced by the reactor and a oxidizing gas.

The invention discloses a low-carbon glass melting furnace adopting a pre-melting pool, which relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing, solves the technical problem of reducing energy consumption, and comprises a pre-melting pool adopting electric melting or submerged combustion and a clarification pool communicated with the pre-melting pool and adopting flame combustion, a cold top structure is arranged in the upper space of the pre-melting tank, and the upper structure of the clarification tank adopts an arch structure and is hermetically connected with the upper space of the pre-melting tank through an L-shaped hanging wall; in the glass melting process, the silicate forming stage and the glass forming stage are completed in a pre-melting pool, and the molten glass clarifying stage is completed in a clarifying pool. A pre-melting pool is communicated with a clarification pool, electric melting or submerged combustion heating is adopted in the pre-melting pool, combustion space flame heating is adopted in the clarification pool, and a novel function partition structure is developed and designed in a targeted manner according to the fact that all stages of the glass melting process have different required effects on all areas of an energy supply area of the glass melting furnace. And the carbon emission and the energy consumption are obviously reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of melting furnace combustion control, in particular to a visual identification-based natural gas spray gun angle adjusting system for a melting furnace, which determines the actual auxiliary heating temperature according to the real-time glass liquid temperature and the main heating temperature so as to determine the heat loss equivalent, and determines whether to adjust the spray gun angle according to the fluidity. And after a simulated auxiliary heating temperature is determined according to a judgment result of adjusting the angle of the spray gun in combination with the heat loss equivalent, an angle adjusting strategy is determined through a melting furnace simulation module to control an angle adjusting device to adjust the flame spraying direction, so that the adjusted auxiliary heating temperature is higher than the auxiliary heating temperature before adjustment. According to the invention, the flame spraying angle of the spray gun is automatically adjusted and monitored in real time according to the multi-dimensional data of the glass melting furnace, so that the glass clarifying and homogenizing efficiency is optimized.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass smelting, in particular to a waste gas treatment mechanism for glass smelting, which comprises a base, a preliminary filtering assembly is arranged on one side of the base, a pair of support frames is arranged on the base on one side of the preliminary filtering assembly, a deep filtering assembly is arranged between the two support frames, and a waste gas treatment assembly is arranged on the deep filtering assembly. A water circulation assembly is arranged on one side, far away from the preliminary filtering assembly, of the deep filtering assembly. Sewage generated in the deep filtering assembly is guided into the water storage tank by arranging the water circulation assembly and the sewage flow guide pipe, impurities in the sewage can be filtered through a filter screen, water can be reused, cyclic utilization of water resources is achieved, water resource consumption and treatment cost are reduced, and then the sewage treatment device has the advantages of being simple in structure and convenient to use. A water suction pump pumps filtered water in the water storage tank through a water taking pipeline, and supplies water to a sprayer I and an annular water sprayer through a water supply pipeline I and a water supply pipeline II respectively, so that normal operation of water mist spraying and water bath treatment in the deep filtering assembly is ensured.

This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring the liquid glass level in a furnace during substrate glass preparation, belonging to the field of substrate glass manufacturing technology. It solves the technical problem that existing technologies cannot achieve real-time monitoring and adjustment of the liquid glass level in a substrate glass furnace to ensure its stability. The method involves collecting weighing data of glass powder and substrate glass, and calculating the theoretical height of the liquid glass level in the furnace. Subsequently, a glass volume conversion coefficient is set, and the actual liquid glass level is manually measured. The theoretical and actual liquid glass levels are compared to correct the volume conversion coefficients for melting glass powder and substrate glass. By comparing the difference between the theoretical and target liquid glass levels, the feeding frequency of the feeding system is adjusted, thereby achieving adjustment and stability of the liquid glass level in the substrate glass furnace.

A glass melting apparatus, such as a submerged combustion melter, has a housing that includes at least one wall, which may be liquid cooled. The wall includes an inner composite layer that faces an interior chamber of the melting apparatus and, in operation of the apparatus, contacts molten glass. The inner composite layer is comprised of a composite material that includes glass and clay and, additionally, may further include one or more of a refractory material, reinforcing fibers, an adhesion agent, or an atomizing agent. The wall of the housing may be provided by a plurality of panels with each panel providing a portion of the inner composite layer. A method of making the composite material from a castable material, which may be an aqueous slurry that includes water and a solids mixture, is also disclosed.

The present invention provides a molten material discharge device and discharge method for a glass melting furnace in a nuclear power plant. The molten material discharge device for a glass melting furnace in a nuclear power plant includes a target body containing molten material positioned at the top and a discharge assembly for continuously discharging the molten material to the bottom, the discharge assembly including a main body module, a drive module for providing driving force, a nozzle module for discharging the molten material from the target body, a heating module for heating the nozzle module by induction heating, a first temperature measurement module for acquiring first temperature information due to heating the nozzle module, and a second temperature measurement module for acquiring second temperature information, which is temperature information due to heating the nozzle module, separately from the first temperature information, the heating module maintains the nozzle module at a set temperature based on the first and second temperature information.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass melting furnaces, in particular to a glass melting furnace which comprises a melting part melting pool. The melting part molten pool comprises a plurality of pure oxygen combustion areas and a plurality of air combustion areas; the pure oxygen combustion area and the air combustion area are sequentially and circularly arranged in the melting part molten pool; the pure oxygen combustion area is connected with a pure oxygen combustion gun; the air combustion area is connected with a small furnace; the small furnace is connected with a heat storage chamber; according to the invention, a pure oxygen combustion and air combustion combined distribution structure is adopted, the advantages of high melting temperature and high heat radiation efficiency of pure oxygen combustion are fully played, and a forced melting effect is achieved in a specific area; meanwhile, flue gas generated by pure oxygen combustion and flue gas in an adjacent air combustion area are mixed and are quickly discharged together through a heat storage chamber of the air combustion area, the water content in the kiln cannot be greatly increased, and excessive foam cannot be generated; the higher smoke temperature of the pure oxygen combustion area can improve the heat storage temperature of the air heat storage chamber, and the heat storage efficiency is further improved.

The utility model discloses a glass melting furnace bubbler which comprises a mounting plate and an insertion pipe, a shunting adjusting structure is mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate, a mounting frame is connected to one side of the mounting plate in a sliding manner, fastening adjusting structures are arranged at the two ends of the mounting frame, the insertion pipe is arranged above the mounting frame, and an auxiliary air injection structure is arranged in the insertion pipe. The auxiliary air injection structure comprises a double-helix liquid injection groove, a liquid injection opening, a drainage groove, an ejector pin, a high-temperature-resistant spring, a check block and an air injection opening, and the double-helix liquid injection groove is formed in the insertion pipe. When the bubbler disclosed by the utility model is not started, the top of the ejector pin blocks the air jet hole due to the elastic extrusion of the high-temperature-resistant spring, and when bubbles need to be generated, as gas flows to the air jet hole through the drainage groove, the ejector pin retracts under the action of air pressure, so that air flow can be jetted through the air jet hole.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass ceramics, in particular to a silicon dioxide-containing glass ceramic wafer substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum oxide, hydroxyethyl urea, chromium dioxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, a clarifying agent, a toughening agent and silicon dioxide; preparing an aqueous solution from hydroxyethyl urea, and putting the powder, a clarifying agent, a toughening agent and the aqueous solution into a ball milling tank to obtain slurry; carrying out vacuum defoaming, tape casting, drying, glue removal heat treatment, glass melting, rolling and annealing treatment to obtain a glass plate; and polishing, ultrasonically cleaning and drying the glass plate to obtain the wafer substrate. According to the preparation method, hydroxyethyl urea and chromium dioxide are combined under a specific controlled heat treatment system, so that the functions of a conventional dispersing agent are exceeded, a unique toughening phase existing in a grain boundary is generated through in-situ reaction, uniform formation of a superfine nanocrystalline structure is realized synergistically, and thus the fracture toughness and the surface flatness of the material are synchronously and remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a glass smelting device and method, and belongs to the technical field of optical glass manufacturing. The invention mainly solves the quality problems of poor product quality reproducibility, unstable optical property, high possibility of foreign matter defects and the like when an intermittent single crucible is used for melting optical glass. The melting furnace is mainly characterized in that the melting area is composed of a feeding port, a melting crucible, an isolation plate and a round bar; the working area consists of a material receiving bowl, a working crucible, a stirrer and a material leaking pipe; the connecting pipe is composed of a siphon pipe, an overflow pipe and a cooling cavity, the siphon pipe and the overflow pipe are connected between the side wall of the melting crucible and the material receiving bowl, and the cooling cavity is arranged on the overflow pipe; and a certain fall is formed between the melting crucible and the working crucible. The invention has the characteristics that the batch is fully melted in the melting crucible, completely flows to the working crucible through the cooperation of the overflow pipe and the siphon, and is fully clarified and homogenized in the working crucible, and is mainly used for melting optical glass with glass components easy to fly, volatilize and crystallize.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass melting furnaces, in particular to an immersed combustion glass pre-melting system and a glass melting furnace feeding method.The immersed combustion glass pre-melting system comprises a plurality of pre-melting units separately arranged at an inlet of a main melting furnace; the melting temperatures of the plurality of pre-melting units are different, so that the glass liquid entering the main melting furnace generates a transverse temperature gradient for convection homogenization. Aiming at the problem that a pre-melting system in the prior art easily generates a flowing dead zone at a corner position, a molten pool is divided into a plurality of discrete pre-melting units, the volume of a single molten pool is reduced, so that the problem of non-uniform temperature conduction in the molten pool is avoided, and meanwhile, the pre-melting temperature of each pre-melting unit is controlled to have a certain difference, so that the pre-melting efficiency is improved. Therefore, when feeding is carried out on the main melting furnace, a specific temperature gradient is generated in the main melting furnace to enhance convection homogenization of molten glass among the pre-melting units, and the temperature and the distribution uniformity of raw materials are improved.

The present invention is named Glass Melting Experimental Furnace and Method. It belongs to the field of optical glass manufacturing technology. Its main purpose is to solve the problems of existing side-entry experimental furnaces, such as relatively bulky and cumbersome operation process, high operation intensity, and difficulty in aligning the coaxiality of the agitator and the crucible. Its main features are: comprising a side-entry furnace body, a crucible, a sleeve and a furnace door; the crucible and the sleeve are fixed on the furnace door; the side-entry furnace body and the furnace door are connected by a sliding mechanism to achieve the extension and closing of the furnace door; a positioning mechanism is provided between the side-entry furnace body and the furnace door, which is used to keep the agitator and the crucible coaxial when the furnace door is in a closed state. The present invention has the characteristics of simple equipment operation, convenient addition of materials into the crucible and removal of the crucible, and convenient coaxial alignment of the agitator and the crucible, and is mainly used in optical glass melting experimental furnaces.

The invention relates to a continuous cold crown induction glass melter. An inductive glass melting system for producing glass includes a vertical melting tank to contain batch material for melting and molten glass. The system also includes a batch material feeder for feeding batch material to the melting tank at a top side of the melting tank, and a glass melt outlet for discharging the resulting glass melt at a bottom side of the melting tank. The system includes a multi-zone heating system having a plurality of induction coils around the perimeter of the melting tank to independently heat a plurality of heating zones vertically along the height of the melting tank. The system comprises in-situ monitoring and realizes a continuous cold crown melting process.

This utility model discloses an electrode brick structure for a substrate glass melting furnace, relating to the technical field of glass electric melting furnaces. It includes a furnace body and an oxy-fuel combustion system. The oxy-fuel combustion system includes an oxygen supply mechanism and a heating mechanism. The heating mechanism includes an electrode brick, a support assembly, and a propulsion assembly. A slot is formed on the side of the furnace body, and the electrode brick is slidably disposed within the slot. Both the support assembly and the propulsion assembly are fixedly connected to the furnace body, with the support assembly located at the bottom end of the slot and abutting against the electrode brick. The propulsion assembly is used to push the electrode brick to slide within the slot. During the operation of the substrate glass melting furnace, by setting up the propulsion assembly, when the electrode brick's heating power decreases due to erosion, it can be further pushed into the furnace, maintaining effective contact with the molten glass, continuously providing sufficient heating power, ensuring stable operation of the glass melting furnace, and avoiding the impact of insufficient power on glass production quality and efficiency.

The utility model belongs to the field of milky white glass melting equipment, and particularly relates to a large milky white glass electric melting furnace, which comprises a top inserting electrode and a melting cavity, the top inserting electrode is inserted into the upper end of the melting cavity, and the large milky white glass electric melting furnace is characterized in that a melt flow channel is arranged on one side of the melting cavity and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the inlet end of the melt flow channel is located below the liquid outlet end, the bottom of the melting cavity is communicated with an inlet of the melt flow channel through a connecting channel, a slag discharging hole is formed in the junction of the connecting channel and the melt flow channel, and an outlet of the slag discharging hole is formed downwards. According to the electric melting furnace, molten glass at the lower part of the melting cavity can be stably homogenized and clarified, the product quality is obviously improved, the slag discharging hole can be prevented from being blocked, and the slag discharging effect is improved.

The invention relates to an at least partially electrical glass manufacturing furnace (1) comprising a melting tank (2) made of a refractory material adapted to contain a bath (3) of molten vitrifiable material and a plurality of electrodes (An, Bn, Cn, Dn) for heating said bath (3), said electrodes being supplied with alternating current by an electrical device (4) comprising at least one transformer (6), the transformer (6) is adapted to generate groups of outputs in one phase, with a phase difference between each output group, each output being connected to at least one of the electrodes (An, Bn, Cn, Dn) by a conductor (7) in one phase generating a first magnetic field (B1). The device comprises means capable of generating a magnetic reversal field mounted in a first electromagnetic field.

The embodiment of the invention provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly glass melting method. The energy-saving and environment-friendly glass melting method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the surface tension of molten glass based on a melting temperature curve so as to solve the problem of liquid layering; the heating power of the smelting furnace is regulated and controlled according to real-time energy consumption data analysis so as to reduce energy consumption; the feeding rate is regulated and controlled according to the fluctuation of raw material components so as to ensure stable uniformity of the glass; and the combustion air proportion is optimized and regulated according to the flue gas emission concentration so as to reduce pollutant emission. The method has the beneficial effects that the surface tension of molten glass is regulated to solve the problem of liquid layering; the heating power of the smelting furnace is regulated and controlled to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption; the feeding rate is regulated and controlled so as to solve the problem that the uniformity of the glass is unstable; the proportion of combustion air is regulated and controlled to solve the problem that pollutants exceed the standard; and the cooling air speed is regulated and controlled to solve the problem of stress concentration of finished products.

To provide a technique of reducing H2O gas concentration in a furnace atmosphere of a glass melting furnace in the case of using H2 gas as flammable gas.SOLUTION: A glass manufacturing method has: generating at least CO gas from CO2 gas and H2 gas by reaction in which overall reaction is expressed by formula (1) or formula (2) in the specification; and forming a flame inside the glass melting furnace by burning flammable gas containing the generated CO gas and oxidizing gas by a burner.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application discloses a kind of control method and device for balancing glass melting furnace dome top temperature, method includes: obtaining sample data, including the gas flow data of each branch input to glass melting furnace;And the dome top temperature output data of the glass melting furnace;Establish temperature control neural network model, according to the sample data training the temperature control neural network model, obtain temperature control best model;According to the temperature control best model, optimize the input value of each branch gas flow data distribution;After collecting the input value of each branch gas flow data after optimized distribution, the dome top temperature of the glass melting furnace in real time, and compared with the dome top temperature data required by process, obtain comparison data;According to the comparison data, balance multiple dome top temperatures in the glass melting furnace.The control method and device for balancing glass melting furnace dome top temperature disclosed by the application can balance the dome top temperature of glass melting furnace.

The invention belongs to the field of pouring equipment, and discloses a prefabricated furnace cover pouring device which comprises a stirring kettle, a power assembly arranged at one end of the stirring kettle and a filler assembly arranged below the stirring kettle, a supporting seat is arranged below the power assembly, and a supporting frame is arranged at the end, away from the power assembly, of the stirring kettle. The bottom of the supporting frame is upwards provided with a mold inlet-outlet groove. The industrial pain points that refractory material pouring equipment is poor in universality, uneven in material injection, high in hanging material loss and the like are effectively solved. A water injection tank arranged in the stirring rod is combined with a spiral stirring blade, so that the raw material mixing uniformity is improved, and the hanging loss is reduced; the modular detachable design greatly reduces the maintenance cost, the wear-resistant and anti-skid mold inlet and outlet grooves are suitable for production of products of multiple specifications, and the universality of the equipment is remarkably improved. The method is suitable for large-scale and fine production of prefabricated furnace covers in the refractory material industry, and can be widely applied to furnace cover prefabricating operation of industrial kilns such as metallurgical steelmaking furnaces, rotary cement kilns and glass melting furnaces.

The utility model relates to the technical field of glass crucible kilns, and discloses a heat accumulating type glass crucible kiln which comprises a kiln body, a ceramic honeycomb body is fixedly connected to the kiln body, a crucible body is arranged in the ceramic honeycomb body in an attached mode, a top cover is fixedly connected to the top of the kiln body, a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the top of the kiln body, and the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the kiln body. A first servo motor is started, a rotating box is used for stirring a to-be-melted glass material, so that the glass melting efficiency is improved to a certain extent, and meanwhile, a second servo motor is started, two rotating blocks rotate reversely, and a lifting piece ascends and descends in a reciprocating manner, so that the glass melting efficiency is improved to a certain extent. The limiting block is used for driving the plurality of jacking columns inserted into the top of the rotating box to do reciprocating lifting motion, so that under the rotation of the rotating box, through reciprocating lifting of the plurality of jacking columns, small bubbles can be eliminated in time when the materials are stirred and melted to generate the small bubbles, the formation of large bubbles is avoided, and the production efficiency is improved. Therefore, the solution forming and discharging efficiency is improved.

A method for melting vitrifiable materials to produce flat glass, including: providing a furnace including: a melting tank, a fining tank, a neck, at least one inlet means located at the melting tank, an outlet means located downstream of the fining tank, and at least one extraction means of a flue gas located at the at least one upstream zone; charging the vitrifiable materials including raw materials and cullet in the melting tank with the at least one inlet means; cullet pre-heating; melting the vitrifiable materials in the melting tank; fining the melt in the fining tank; flowing the melt from the fining tank to a working zone through the outlet means; and capturing CO2 from the flue gas.