325results about "Forehearths" patented technology

The invention discloses a discharging mechanism and a glass ceramic production device, and relates to the technical field of glass production. The discharging mechanism comprises a discharging hopper, a first heating piece and a second heating piece. The discharging hopper comprises a material receiving section, a buffering section, a material uniformizing section and a discharging nozzle which are sequentially arranged in the discharging direction, the volume of the material receiving section is larger than that of the material uniformizing section, the buffering section is in a necking shape, the large end of the buffering section is connected with the material receiving section, the small end of the buffering section is connected with the material uniformizing section, the material uniformizing section is connected with the discharging nozzle, and the first heating piece is connected with the material receiving section. The second heating piece is connected with the material uniformizing section, and the heating power of the first heating piece is smaller than that of the second heating piece. Compared with the prior art, the discharging mechanism provided by the invention can be used for carrying out buffering and sectional type accurate temperature control on the glass melt, so that the flowing uniformity and the temperature distribution uniformity of the glass melt are effectively improved, and the product quality is ensured.

The utility model provides an overflow device and a glass production system, and relates to the technical field of glass production, the overflow device comprises a first channel and an overflow assembly, the overflow assembly comprises a driver, a plurality of overflow blocks and an overflow channel communicated with the downstream of the first channel, the driver can be controlled to drive the overflow block to ascend and descend so as to adjust the overflow height of the overflow channel. The overflow device can be applied to molten glass overflow, a mode of adjusting the overflow height by padding a molybdenum sheet is replaced, the overflow height of the overflow channel can be adjusted by driving the overflow block through the driver, and a switch of the driver can be arranged at a position far away from the overflow channel or in a remote control mode. Operators are prevented from adjusting the overflow amount in a high-temperature environment, the operation safety is high, and potential safety hazards caused by the high-temperature environment are reduced.

According to one aspect of the disclosure, a bulk material handling method includes receiving bulk material on a first level of a system at receiving stations equipped with dust control filtration equipment, pneumatically conveying the bulk material up to a third level into bulk material storage hoppers, storing the bulk material, dispensing the stored bulk material to a bulk material transporter on the first level, including dosing the stored bulk material to an interior of a bulk material dosing hopper to create a bulk material dose, docking the dosing hopper with the transporter via a docking apparatus, and releasing the dose into the interior of the transporter, through a reduced pressure region in an internal volume of the docking apparatus. Other disclosed aspects include a related system, subsystems, and apparatuses.

The invention discloses an unequal-thickness flexible glass forming device and glass production equipment, and relates to the technical field of flexible glass production. The unequal-thickness flexible glass forming device comprises a feeding pipe, a material uniformizing hopper and a discharging nozzle. The refining hopper comprises a cache shell and two drainage channels, the two drainage channels are oppositely connected to the two sides of the feeding pipe, the two drainage channels are both connected with the cache shell, the drainage channels are arranged above the cache shell, and the ends, away from the feeding pipe, of the drainage channels are lower than the ends, close to the feeding pipe, of the drainage channels; the discharging nozzle is connected to the lower portion of the temporary storage shell, and a flange is arranged in the discharging nozzle. The unequal-thickness flexible glass forming device provided by the invention can realize one-time forming of unequal-thickness flexible glass, omits an etching processing step, is time-saving and labor-saving, improves the production efficiency, reduces the production cost, is suitable for large-scale commercial production, and is uniform in discharging, good in forming effect, capable of avoiding various product defects and high in yield.

The invention discloses a low-swing high-efficiency homogenizing stirring structure and a stirring method, and fully considers that single-side glass flows into a stirring tank, nonuniform acting force is generated on a stirrer, long-term stable operation of the stirrer is influenced, and single-side flowing-in glass liquid is easy to form a viscosity-temperature segregation phenomenon at a near end; and the influence on the homogenization effect is weakened. The acting force transition of fluid before the fluid enters the stirring tank body is realized by adding the special-shaped buffer pool, and molten glass is continuously injected into the stirring tank in a 360-degree overflow manner, so that the rotation stability of the whole stirrer is remarkably improved, and full guarantee is provided for long-life reliability and high-flow efficient homogenization of equipment. According to the stirrer, uniform stress of molten glass on the stirrer in the circumferential direction can be realized, the problem of abnormal swinging of the stirrer in the operation process is remarkably improved, high-flow molten glass is efficiently homogenized, and an equipment guarantee is provided for manufacturing of high-flow substrate glass.

The invention discloses a one-kiln two-line production process for energy-saving glass, and relates to the technical field of energy-saving glass plate production. A shunting pressure stabilizing chamber, a central partition wall and an electromagnetic-platinum combined stirring device are arranged at the tail end of a melting furnace, and are matched with prolonging of clarification residence time and a microbubble bubbling device, so that a highly uniform temperature field and component distribution can be obtained before molten glass enters a feeding channel, and bubbles and inclusions are fully eliminated. By means of the collaborative measure, the melt cleanliness is remarkably improved, optical defects such as stripes, stones and white points in the subsequent forming process are greatly reduced, and the appearance and the physical strength of a finished product are more reliable. By means of the Y-shaped double feeding channels and the independent temperature control tin bath, ultra-thin glass and medium-thickness glass can be produced at the same time in the same melting furnace and do not interfere with each other. The main line focuses on the flatness and the optical quality of the energy-saving glass of the building curtain wall, and the branch line focuses on the thickness control and the surface smoothness of the ultrathin energy-saving glass.

The invention discloses an overflow port structure of an ultra-white rolled glass melting furnace in the technical field of glass melting furnaces. The overflow port structure comprises a branch passage, the overflow port is formed in one side of the tail end of the branch passage; the outlet arch is arranged above the overflow port; the first electric boosting piece is arranged at the bottom of the tail end of the branch path and is used for preventing the molten glass from crystallizing; the second electric boosting pieces are arranged on the overflow port pool walls on the two sides of the overflow port and are used for reducing the transverse temperature difference of the molten glass. According to the invention, an electric boosting mode is adopted, and the molten glass at the tail end of the branch path is integrally heated through the first electric boosting piece, so that the temperature of the molten glass at the tail end of the branch path can be increased, and a crystallization phenomenon is prevented; and the second electric fluxing piece is used for locally heating the glass liquid in the overflow port, so that the transverse temperature difference of the glass liquid in the overflow port is reduced, and the uniformity and the glass quality of the glass liquid are improved.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device and method for controlling an extraction amount and homogenizing glass liquid, comprising a feeding device and an auxiliary heating device. The feeding device includes a feeding inner pipe and a feeding outer pipe, the feeding inner pipe being provided inside the feeding outer pipe. The feeding outer pipe includes a feeding upper outer pipe, a feeding middle outer pipe, a feeding lower outer pipe, and a tapered pipe, the feeding upper outer pipe being mounted at an upper end of the feeding middle outer pipe, the feeding lower outer pipe being installed at a lower end of the feeding middle outer pipe, and the feeding upper outer pipe, the feeding middle outer pipe, and the feeding lower outer pipe being connected through the tapered pipe, and the auxiliary heating device includes an inner heater and an outer heater.

This invention relates to a furnace for producing high-quality photovoltaic glass and a novel overflow outlet for calendering. The furnace includes a furnace pool comprising a melting section, a refining section, a necking section, and a transverse passage connected in sequence. The end of the transverse passage is directly connected to the overflow outlet. In this furnace structure, the transverse passage does not have branch passages; instead, it connects directly to the overflow outlet. This reduces the large lateral temperature difference caused by excessively long branch passages in existing technologies, resulting in low glass melt temperature at the overflow outlet and high temperature in the middle section. It also reduces flow fluctuations caused by excessive bends in the branch passages, thus helping to reduce glass bubble defects. In this furnace structure, the transverse passage is directly connected to one or more overflow outlets, resulting in a small temperature difference between the glass melts at each overflow outlet. This ensures a relatively consistent forming temperature at the calendering stage, facilitating glass forming control.

The invention relates to the field of glass fiber manufacturing, in particular to a drainage device for glass hot melt and a glass fiber production system. The drainage device comprises a support and a drainage pipe arranged on the support, the drainage pipe is connected with the heat insulation pressure-bearing device, the heat insulation pressure-bearing device is movably connected with the support, the heat insulation pressure-bearing device can heat the drainage pipe, and when the heat insulation pressure-bearing device drives the drainage pipe to move, the drainage pipe can be replaced. Glass liquid at the outlet end of the drainage pipe can be heated through the arranged heat insulation pressure-bearing device, control over the temperature of the glass liquid is further ensured, the temperature of the glass liquid can be monitored and adjusted in real time through the arranged heating piece and temperature measuring piece, the temperature of the glass liquid can meet the requirement of glass fibers for hot melting and wire drawing, and the production efficiency is improved. Therefore, the production efficiency and the product quality are guaranteed.

The utility model discloses a muffle furnace capable of reducing overflow method glass crystallization. Relates to the field of glass manufacturing, a side plate of a furnace body is connected with a heating device in a sliding mode in the horizontal direction, the heating device slides to move to the position below an overflow brick, and the heating device is further provided with a limiting assembly used for limiting sliding of the heating device; two movable baffles are further arranged in the furnace body, the two movable baffles are connected to a shell of the furnace body in a sliding mode in the horizontal direction, and the two movable baffles are arranged in the horizontal direction and slide to abut against the heating device to form a shielding layer; through the arrangement of the sliding shell, the position of the heating source can be changed, so that molten glass at the platinum baffle can be well heated under the condition that the power is not increased; the sliding shell and the movable baffle are matched for use, so that a shielding layer is formed, the influence of cold air flow is reduced, the temperature at the platinum baffle is ensured, and glass crystallization is reduced; and meanwhile, the heating influence of the furnace body is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of plate glass manufacturing, in particular to a device and method for conveying kiln melting glass to the rear end. The device for conveying the furnace molten glass to the rear end comprises a molten glass guide pipe structure, a first cooling system and / or a second cooling system, the molten glass guide pipe structure penetrates through a throat in a throat brick to form a glass fluid conveying channel, and the glass fluid conveying channel comprises at least one guide pipe made of platinum or platinum alloy; the first cooling system is arranged on the inner wall of the throat and is not in direct contact with the guide pipe structural body for the molten glass; and the second cooling system is arranged in the throat brick. According to the device for conveying the kiln melting glass to the rear end, the cooling effect of the throat brick is improved, the temperature of the throat brick is reduced, erosion is reduced, and the quality and benefits of glass production are improved.

The invention discloses a filling structure and method for reducing needle-shaped defects of substrate glass, and belongs to the technical field of substrate glass defect prevention and control. According to the filling structure provided by the invention, the heat preservation and heating characteristics of the filling material are comprehensively considered, and the environmental conditions of the crystallization reaction are fundamentally optimized. By constructing a multi-layer heat preservation filling structure, the devitrification phenomenon is effectively inhibited, and then generation of needle-shaped defects is greatly reduced. By scientifically and reasonably distributing the filler layer, the thermal expansion difference between the platinum body and the peripheral refractory material is balanced, the risk of structural damage caused by overlarge thermal stress is reduced, and the stability and safety of the production process are further guaranteed. Moreover, due to the introduction of the heating element, the temperature of the platinum tube area is finely regulated and controlled, the local temperature difference can be effectively reduced, and the crystallization phenomenon is further inhibited.

The invention discloses an automatic discharging device suitable for electronic display glass substrate production. The automatic discharging device comprises a kiln pool bottom, a supporting structure, a discharging opening and two first steel structures, a sliding rail, a sliding block, a double-rod air cylinder, a bottom plate, a bottom plate and a plug are arranged between the two first steel structures, and cooling mechanisms are arranged in the bottom plate and the plug. Second steel structures are arranged at the positions, located on the two sides below the discharging port, of the bottom face of the supporting structure, and single-rod air cylinders, connecting plates, lifting ring blocks, a plurality of hanging pieces, universal joints, burning guns and pipe hoops are arranged below the second steel structures. Through the arrangement of the double-rod air cylinder, the plug and the cooling mechanism, the speed of molten glass flowing out of the discharging opening is successfully, rapidly and efficiently controlled, non-manual and controllable starting and stopping in the discharging process are achieved on the whole, the structural arrangement is exquisite, and the safety in the discharging process is greatly improved.

[Problem] To provide a gob feeding device capable of predicting gob quality defects. [Solution] A gob feeding device 1 comprises: a cooling device 26 that sprays a coolant at an upper funnel 22; a gob timing sensor 34A that detects a gob timing, which is the timing at which a gob G falls from each of a plurality of passage members 25 into a corresponding blank mold 5, and a gob length, which is the vertical length of the gob at said timing; a glass temperature sensor 36 that detects the temperature of molten glass in a forehearth 2; and a gob monitoring device 37 that monitors the state of gobs falling from the plurality of passage members into corresponding blank molds. The gob monitoring device infers the state of a gob on the basis of at least the gob timing, the gob length, and the temperature of the molten glass in the forehearth, and reports the state of the gob.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass fiber processing, and provides a low-thermal-expansion-coefficient glass fiber wire-drawing bushing plate and a kiln, the low-thermal-expansion-coefficient glass fiber wire-drawing bushing plate comprises a bushing box and a discharge spout, the discharge spout comprises a wire-drawing part and a guide part, and the wire-drawing part is fixed on the bottom side of the bushing box in a penetrating manner; the guide part is integrally formed on the top side of the wire drawing part, is in sealed communication with the wire drawing part and is continuously arranged; the bottom end of the guide part is round and is flush with the bottom side in the leakage box, and the top end of the guide part is oval and inclines relative to the bottom side in the leakage box. The discharge spout comprises the wire drawing part and the guide part, the top end of the guide part is of the inclined elliptical structure, and the wire drawing part partially protrudes out of the side wall of the wire drawing part, so that the discharge spout and the leakage box can be positioned through the protruding structure, and the welding machining efficiency of the discharge spout and the leakage box is improved; and bubbles or impurities in the glass liquid can be cut and separated by utilizing the top end of the guide part, so that the processing quality of the glass fiber is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a forming device and glass production equipment, and relates to the technical field of glass production. The forming device comprises a discharging channel, a temperature equalizing mechanism and a forming hopper. A discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the discharging channel, a receiving pipe is arranged at the top of the forming hopper, and one end of the discharging pipe extends into the receiving pipe; the temperature equalizing mechanism comprises a temperature equalizing barrel, the temperature equalizing barrel is arranged outside the discharging pipe and the material receiving pipe in a sleeving mode at the same time, the inner wall of the temperature equalizing barrel, the discharging pipe and the material receiving pipe are arranged at intervals at the same time, a plurality of inner protruding sections are arranged on the inner wall of the temperature equalizing barrel in the circumferential direction at intervals, the multiple inner protruding sections jointly surround the discharging pipe and the material receiving pipe, and the inner protruding sections extend in the axial direction of the temperature equalizing barrel; and the inner convex section is used for reflecting heat radiated by the glass melt. The forming device provided by the invention can effectively reduce the heat loss in the process that the glass melt flows from the discharging channel to the forming hopper, improve the flowability of the glass melt, improve the flowing stability of the glass melt and ensure the pull-down forming quality.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of glass production. Disclosed are a calendering molding device and a glass production line. The calendering molding device comprises a rack, and a glass melt flow channel, a conveying hopper and a calendering roller pair that are arranged on the rack. The conveying hopper extends in the horizontal direction and is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port opposite to each other; the feeding port is in communication with the glass melt flow channel, the calendering roller pair has a roller pair gap, and the roller pair gap is arranged in a discharging direction of the discharging port. The conveying hopper is configured to convey a glass melt flowing out of the glass melt flow channel to the roller pair gap in the horizontal direction, and the calendering roller pair is configured to perform calendering molding on the glass melt to form a glass ribbon. The calendering molding device provided by the present disclosure can improve the uniformity of the flow rate of the glass melt, ensuring the uniform thickness of the calendering-molded glass ribbon, improving product quality.

The present invention is a method for manufacturing glass articles from external cullet and in which the external cullet is added to a molten glass composition present in a feeder.

A glass manufacturing apparatus is disclosed. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a conduit defining a length. The conduit includes an interior passageway defining a conduit cross-sectional footprint having a first cross-sectional area at a point along the length. The apparatus further includes an expansion drum positioned along the length of the conduit or adjacent and collinear with the conduit. The expansion drum defines an expansion drum cross-sectional footprint and a length. The expansion drum cross-sectional footprint extends outwardly of the conduit cross-sectional footprint. The expansion drum includes a second cross-sectional area at a second point along the length of the conduit. The second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross-sectional area. The apparatus may further include one or more reinforcing members attached to and extending along a portion of the length of the conduit.

This invention provides a glass melt conveying device and its temperature control method, comprising an inner wall, an outer wall, and a cavity disposed between the inner and outer walls; both the inner and outer walls are made of refractory materials; the surface of the inner wall is provided with an anti-erosion layer; multiple inner wall temperature detectors are uniformly arranged in the inner wall; the outer sides of the two walls of the cavity are respectively attached to the inner and outer walls; multiple supports are uniformly arranged in the cavity; the two ends of the supports are respectively fixed to the inner sides of the two walls of the cavity. This invention can achieve a heat preservation effect on the bottom and sides of the glass melt through the anti-erosion layer, preventing related defects caused by temperature differences. At the same time, using non-precious metals such as molybdenum as the anti-erosion layer to prevent the glass melt from eroding greatly reduces construction costs; for platinum tube-type glass melt conveying devices, molybdenum electrode heating can be used instead of platinum heating in the high-temperature section, eliminating the situation where the entire channel is electrified, thereby improving production safety.

We provide a gob supply device that can predict gob quality defects. [Solution] The gob supply device 1 includes a cooling device 26 that sprays coolant onto the upper funnel 22, a gob timing sensor 34A that detects the gob timing, which is the timing of gobs G falling from each of the multiple passage members 25 onto the corresponding rough mold 5, and the gob length, which is the vertical length of the gob at that time, a glass temperature sensor 36 that detects the temperature of the molten glass in the fore hearth 2, and a gob monitoring device 37 that monitors the state of the gobs falling from the multiple passage members onto the corresponding rough mold. The gob monitoring device estimates the state of the gobs based on at least the gob timing, gob length, and the temperature of the molten glass in the fore hearth, and reports the state of the gobs.

A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a conduit with an electrical flange attached to the conduit, the electrical flange having a first ring formed from a first metal and a second ring inside the first ring, attached to the conduit, and formed from a second metal different from the first metal. The second ring includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion joining the first portion to the second portion and configured such that a plane of the first portion is spaced apart from a plane of the second portion, and wherein an angle of a linear part of the third portion forms an angle with the plane of the first portion in a range from about 115 degrees to about 125 degrees. A method of joining subsystems of a glass manufacturing apparatus is also disclosed.

The application discloses a cooling protection system for the connection between a kiln and a channel, comprising a kiln body and a platinum conduit, a flow liquid hole is formed on the pool wall brick at the bottom of the kiln body; the front end of the platinum conduit penetrates into the kiln body from the flow liquid hole, a front baffle and a rear baffle are sleeved on the platinum conduit, and the front baffle and the rear baffle are arranged in close contact with the pool wall brick; a cooling structure is arranged on the part of the platinum conduit outside the kiln body, and the side of the cooling structure close to the kiln body is in close contact with the rear baffle; the platinum conduit is provided with a filling layer, and the filling layer is arranged at least at the positions corresponding to the pool wall brick and the cooling structure of the kiln body of the platinum conduit. The front and rear platinum baffles are combined with the cooling brick structure, the pool wall brick is prevented from being rapidly eroded and damaged by glass liquid, the service life of the pool wall brick is prolonged, the frequency of kiln shutdown and repair is reduced, and the glass quality is improved.

The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of glass production. Disclosed are a discharging mechanism and a glass-ceramic production device. The discharging mechanism comprises a discharging hopper, a first heating member and a second heating member. The discharging hopper comprises a receiving section, a buffer section, a homogenizing section and a discharging nozzle, which are arranged in sequence in a discharging direction, wherein the material receiving section has a greater volume than the homogenizing section, the buffer section is configured to be in a neck shape, a larger end of the buffer section is connected to the receiving section, a smaller end of the buffer section is connected to the homogenizing section, the homogenizing section is connected to the discharging nozzle, the first heating member is connected to the receiving section, the second heating member is connected to the homogenizing section, and the first heating member has a lower heating power than the second heating member. Compared with the prior art, the discharging mechanism provided in the embodiments of the present application can perform buffering and segmented precise temperature control on a glass melt, thereby effectively improving the flow uniformity and temperature distribution uniformity of the glass melt, and ensuring the product quality.

The invention provides a lip brick temperature control mechanism, glass plate manufacturing equipment and a temperature control method.The lip brick temperature control mechanism mainly comprises a lip brick, a temperature measuring assembly, a heating assembly and a control assembly, the temperature measuring assembly is located in the lip brick and used for effectively measuring the temperature of molten glass, and the heating assembly is used for heating the molten glass; the top plate body and the side plate body of the heating assembly directly surround the lip tile, the top plate body is directly contacted with the bottom of the molten glass, and the top plate body and the side plate body are connected into the heating circuit, so that the temperature of the molten glass is directly regulated and controlled, and the molten glass can be heated in a targeted manner in cooperation with the detection of the temperature measuring assembly; electric energy waste caused by comprehensive heating is avoided, and the purposes of saving energy, reducing emission and maintaining process stability are achieved. According to the invention, the problems of high energy consumption and poor effect when the temperature of the molten glass on the lip tile position is kept constant in the existing glass plate manufacturing equipment are effectively solved.

The application discloses a glass liquid homogenizing and stable feeding system and method for substrate glass, wherein an outlet pipe of a glass liquid feeding device sends the glass liquid into a second feeding pipe through a first feeding pipe to form a certain liquid level height; inner and outer heaters are divided into several groups of independent heaters to heat the glass liquid, so that the glass liquid extraction amount is conveniently controlled; a parameter acquisition unit acquires the liquid level height and temperature of the glass liquid in the second feeding pipe; a parameter processing unit calculates the difference between the theoretical and target extraction amounts of the glass liquid; and a feedback adjusting unit conveniently increases or decreases the current value of the inner and outer heating units in each group of heaters. The application guarantees the uniformity of the glass liquid temperature during the extraction amount adjustment process, solves the substrate glass defect problem caused by the non-uniformity of the formed glass liquid temperature, realizes the feeding adjustment of each group of heaters and the automatic control of the glass substrate extraction amount, and further realizes the rapid response and accurate control of the extraction amount adjustment.

The present disclosure relates to a riser duct for connecting a glass melting vessel to a fining vessel and a method for fining a glass melt. The fining efficiency is improved by using two or more electric heating circuits in the riser duct for heating the glass melt close to the required fining temperature and ascertaining a homogenous temperature profile over the width of the fining vessel.

The utility model provides a flashboard sealing device based on a float glass liquid flow channel, which relates to the technical field of float glass production and comprises a liquid flow channel, a cover plate is mounted above the liquid flow channel, a sealing cover and a group of sealing structures are mounted on the outer side of the cover plate, a rotating hole and two sliding holes are formed in the middle of the sealing cover, and the rotating hole is communicated with the sliding holes. A sliding hole is formed in the middle of the cover plate, and a gate plate is inserted into the sliding hole in a penetrating mode. The flashboard is sealed by a multi-sealing device consisting of the first sealing strip, the second sealing strip and the sealing cover which are uniquely designed, so that the leakage of glass liquid and the entering of outside air into the liquid flowing channel are effectively prevented, and a triangular blocking strip of the first sealing strip is tightly meshed with a triangular sealing groove in a sliding groove of the liquid flowing channel; and the second sealing strip is tightly attached to the gap of the flashboard under the action of the supporting spring, so that a reliable sealing defense line is formed.

The present invention discloses a device and method for preventing the collapse of a platinum channel cooling flat tube during the heating process. The device according to the present invention includes a tension structure. An outer part of the cooling flat tube is wrapped by a heater module. A plurality of heater modules are provided. A coupling gap is provided between two heater modules that are oppositely connected to each other. The tension structure is disposed on the outer surface of the cooling flat tube. The tension structure includes a tension bar. The tension bar overlaps with the position of the coupling gap. An extension end of the tension bar protrudes from the coupling gap. The extension end is connected to an end of the heater module. The height of the tension bar is equal to the distance between the cooling flat tube and the heater module. The present invention aims to particularly improve the reliability of the cooling flat tube of the platinum channel. By designing a dedicated tension structure on the upper surface of the cooling flat tube and combining a corresponding attachment method, the stability of the cross-sectional structure of the cooling flat tube during the heating process can be ensured, and the deformation and collapse of the cooling flat tube during the heating process can be prevented.