67 results about "Gyrotron" patented technology

The invention discloses an ion source automatic beam adjusting method, a radiotherapy system and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of radiotherapy, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring and adjusting a plurality of control parameters in real time, and obtaining an optimal control parameter combination; under the optimal control parameter combination, the variable quantity of each control parameter before and after adjustment and the performance change of the proton beam are obtained; performing a pulse width charge test according to the variation of each parameter before and after adjustment and the performance change of the proton beam; obtaining an optimal adjustment parameter and an adjustment amount through a pulse width charge test result; and through the optimal adjustment parameter and adjustment amount, automatic beam adjustment is realized, stable and efficient acceleration of the proton beam in the synchrocyclotron system is realized, and the stability and consistency of the proton beam are ensured.

The invention discloses a high-power and frequency-adjustable gyrotron loading test system for nuclear fusion, which relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion and comprises a 2-megawatt coaxial gyrotron with adjustable frequency of 170 / 240GHz and a loading test platform. The loading test platform comprises a gyrotron part loading system, a strong magnet system, a vacuumizing system, a power supply system, a load system, a cooling system, a monitoring and diagnosing system and a control system. The component loading system is used for precise assembly; the strong magnet system provides an adjustable strong magnetic field; the vacuumizing system maintains ultrahigh vacuum; the power supply system comprises a cathode power supply and a body power supply, and the body power supply is used as a high-voltage amplifier to realize 10kHz rapid power modulation; the cooling system provides independent active cooling; the load system simulates a real load; comprehensive detection of the monitoring and diagnosis system; and the control system realizes coordinated control and rapid protection. According to the invention, a complete solution is provided for development, test, operation and maintenance of the 2-megawatt-level and frequency-adjustable gyrotron.

The invention provides a multi-tube ECRH system thermal load management method based on low-power basic operation, and belongs to the field of electron cyclotron resonance heating systems. When the target total power and the operation duration are received, a time period is judged, one gyrotron is dispatched in turn as a rest gyrotron, and the other gyrotrons are dispatched as working gyrotrons; the method comprises the following steps: periodically collecting the operation power and the collector temperature of each gyrotron, calculating the accumulated thermal load of each gyrotron, calculating the thermal load relative deviation of each gyrotron based on the average thermal load of all gyrotrons at the end of each time window, marking the gyrotron with the thermal load relative deviation exceeding a threshold value as a gyrotron to be adjusted, and adjusting the gyrotron to be adjusted according to the thermal load relative deviation. According to the thermal load relative deviation of the gyrotron to be adjusted, the adjustment amount is calculated, the operation power of the gyrotron to be adjusted is adjusted, and the operation power of all the working tubes is dynamically adjusted; the invention further provides a thermal load management system. And the contradiction between quick response and heat management and between power stability and heat balance is broken through.

The invention discloses a fixing device applied to assembling and welding of a whole gyrotron. The fixing device comprises an assembling mechanism and a welding mechanism. The assembling mechanism comprises a frame body, vertical sliding rails are arranged on the two sides of the frame body, and a first sliding module used for clamping and pressing a collector, a second sliding module used for clamping a high-frequency component and a third sliding module used for clamping an electronic gun are sequentially arranged on the two vertical sliding rails from top to bottom in a sliding mode. The first sliding module, the second sliding module and the third sliding module are in transmission connection with the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism respectively, and a rotating module used for clamping an electronic gun and driving the electronic gun to rotate is arranged at the bottom of the frame body; a coaxiality detection mechanism and an air tightness detection mechanism are arranged on the assembling mechanism; according to the scheme, the modular integrated design is adopted, all functional units work cooperatively, the assembling and welding requirements of gyrotron of multiple specifications are met, and the assembling and welding precision and efficiency are high.

Systems and methods for performing MMWD using a gyrotron to provide electromagnetic waves into a borehole via a waveguide during formation of the borehole are provided herein. Radar or acoustic signal processing techniques may be used to determine the depth of the borehole and the distance between the waveguide and the bottom of the borehole. Radar and acoustic signal sources may be configured to transmit measurement signals into the waveguide simultaneously with the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the gyrotron, eliminating the need for downhole sensing equipment and eliminating the need for drilling operation downtime to perform diagnostic depth measurements.

This disclosure provides a planar resonant cavity for a planar gyrotron and a method for increasing its output power, relating to the field of microwave technology. The planar resonant cavity includes: a resonant cavity for increasing the energy of electromagnetic waves; wherein the energy of the electromagnetic waves gradually increases based on the interaction between the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave; electron emitting surfaces, respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the cavity surface in the negative Z direction, for emitting electron beams; wherein the electron emitting surfaces at the upper and lower ends of the cavity surface are symmetrical based on both the central YZ plane and the central XZ plane of the resonant cavity; and baffles, including a left baffle and a right baffle, the left and right baffles having identical structures, respectively disposed in the X direction of the resonant cavity between the electron emitting surfaces and the two ends of the resonant cavity, for reflecting electromagnetic waves to enhance the interaction between the electron beam and the wave, increase the energy of the electromagnetic waves, and increase the output power of the electromagnetic waves.

This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology, specifically to a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure. It includes a nonlinear interaction section, after which multiple segmented units are coaxially connected. Each segmented unit includes an output mode transition or output mode converter and a collector uniformity section. An electron beam channel and a microwave transmission channel are formed within the nonlinear interaction section and the segmented units. The ends of the electron beam channel and microwave transmission channel have an output window. The nonlinear interaction section, the multiple segmented units, and the output window cause microwaves to undergo a series of reflections, resulting in phase superposition and cancellation. This invention, while maintaining the output window parameters, significantly reduces the number of secondary and reflected electrons impacting the output window, thereby effectively improving the power capacity of the structure. This structure has the advantages of convenient fabrication and simple process implementation. This invention can be used in all high-power gyrotrons with axial output modes.

The invention discloses a gyrotron high-frequency interaction structure formed by continuous curves, which is characterized in that the gyrotron high-frequency interaction structure is composed of a cut-off section, an interaction section and an output section of a cubic spline difference fitting curve structure, and the curve slope at the joint of the cut-off section and the interaction section and the curve slope at the joint of the interaction section and the output section are consistent. Through the high-frequency interaction structure, a higher harmonic working mode can be excited in a terahertz frequency band, and the output characteristics of high efficiency and wide bandwidth are achieved. Under the working condition of a high-order axial mode, the gyrotron has stable output power and linear frequency change in the frequency adjusting process, and the effective working bandwidth is remarkably improved. The problems of power fluctuation and frequency hopping of the gyrotron under the working condition of a high-order axial mode are effectively solved, so that an excellent output effect is obtained.

The utility model discloses a gyrotron component loading platform belongs to gyrotron component assembly automation production equipment technical field, this gyrotron component loading platform includes loading frame, is provided with a plurality of material disc on loading frame, is provided with a plurality of circular grooves on every material disc, every material disc is matched with a gyrotron component, and a plurality of circular grooves are used for installing all different cylindrical rotator parts in single gyrotron component, when actually using, the manipulator can find the required part according to the preset program quickly, accurately and take, can satisfy the requirement of automation production, realizes the efficient automation assembly of gyrotron component. Compared with the need in manual assembly in a large number of tooling fixtures to find and take parts, greatly shorten the taking time, improve the assembly efficiency. Avoid the use of a large number of tooling fixtures in traditional manual assembly, reduce the cost of making new tooling fixtures due to new pipe type development, reduce the production cost of gyrotron.

A gyrotron component (100) is assembled, comprising: (a) a vacuum tube (110) including (i) a resonant cavity (130) at least partially defined by a tubular component (132); (ii) an electron gun chamber (120) hermetically sealed to the gun end of the tubular component such that its interior is continuous with the interior of the resonant cavity; and (iii) a collector chamber (140) hermetically sealed to the collector end of the tubular component such that its interior is continuous with the interior of the resonant cavity; and (b) an electromagnet coil 152 arranged around the outside of the tubular component. After the gyrotron assembly is assembled, the vacuum tube is vacuumed by (i) applying a vacuum to the vacuum tube and (ii) baking the vacuum tube by selectively heating the electron gun chamber and the collector chamber. Other embodiments are also described.

A drill head (1) and corresponding method for drilling a borehole (2) into a sub-surface formation (3) comprises at least one drill housing (4) configured to be arranged sub-surface, and at least one gyrotron (5, 5a, …). The gyrotron (5, 5a, …) comprises an electron gun (6) configured to produce an electron beam, at least one magnet (7) configured to produce a magnetic field, and a cavity (8) configured to receive the electron beam and to generate microwaves by a resonance coupling between the electron beam and the magnetic field produced by the magnet (7). The microwaves are injectable into the sub-surface formation (3) for drilling the borehole (2). The gyrotron (5, 5a, …) is at least partially arranged in the drill housing (4) such, that the microwaves are generated sub-surface.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vacuum devices, and discloses a compact gyrotron terahertz source device based on a pulsed high-intensity magnetic field, which comprises a power supply part and a gyrotron body, the gyrotron body is provided with a cathode used for generating electron beams and a resonant cavity serving as an electron beam channel, and the peripheral wall of the outer side of the electron beam channel of the gyrotron body serves as an anode. A coil unit for generating a pulsed magnetic field is distributed on the outer side peripheral wall of the electron beam channel of the gyrotron body; the coil unit comprises a continuous electric conductor which is spirally wound for multiple circles along the peripheral side of the gyrotron body; according to the invention, the coil unit and the gyrotron body are connected in series in the same circuit, so that the current generated by the same power supply flows through the coil unit and the gyrotron body in sequence, and the problems of complex structure, poor synchronous control precision and large energy loss of a conventional dual-power-supply power supply system are effectively solved. And the working reliability and the energy utilization efficiency of the terahertz source device are improved.

A directed energy firefighting device is disclosed to extinguish fires with light, comprising a structured light generator and a directed energy controller for detecting and extinguishing fires remotely and at the speed of light. The device employs structured directed light energy capable of inducing atmospheric avalanche breakdown, generating at least one of sound waves and shockwaves, and dynamically forming space-time acoustic arrays for precise fire suppression. The system may integrate one or more energy sources, including gyrotrons, traveling wave tubes, klystrons, free electron lasers, and others, to produce diffraction-resistant and dynamically structured beams that penetrate through the atmospheric and non-metalic solid physical obstructions. Key features also may include safety mechanisms and artificial intelligence for real-time optimization. Other applications include power beaming, environmental monitoring, medicine, disaster response, and orbital debris clearing are also discussed. A key feature is the ability for arbitrary manipulation of light over large areas.

The application relates to the technical field of battery pack testing, in particular to a cyclotron type impact device which comprises a base, an arc-shaped track which is semicircular, an acceleration track which is semicircular and is vertically slidably connected to the base, an impact track which is vertically slidably connected to the base and is located above the acceleration track, one end of the impact track is matched with an outlet, and the other end is vertically upwardly provided with an impact head, an acceleration rod which is rotatably connected to the base, a rotating shaft which is vertically rotatably connected to the base and is controlled by an acceleration motor and is located at the center of the arc-shaped track, one end of the acceleration rod is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the acceleration rod is provided with an acceleration plate used for pushing a ball. The ball can be accelerated by rolling in the whole-circular track for unlimited times, the acceleration effect of the ball is not limited, the rolling number of the ball can be selected according to experimental requirements, the speed of the ball can be changed, and the application range is wide.

The invention discloses a gyrotron structure based on a gradual change output section and a second harmonic electromagnetic wave generation method thereof. The gyrotron structure comprises an open type gyrotron resonator with a three-section cavity structure, the open type cyclotron resonator comprises a cut-off section cavity of an inclined annular open type metal structure, an interaction section cavity of an open type metal cylindrical waveguide structure and an output section cavity of an inclined gradual change annular open type metal structure. The cut-off section cavity, the interaction section cavity and the output section cavity are sequentially connected end to end from left to right. According to the invention, three cavity structures which are combined in sequence are adopted to form the open-type cyclotron resonator, so that high-power electromagnetic waves can be generated at 263 GHz, and the open-type cyclotron resonator has the characteristic of second harmonic operation; the open-type rotary resonance device with the three-section cavity structure is composed of an inclined annular open-type metal structure cut-off section, a cylindrical waveguide structure interaction section and an inclined gradual change annular open-type metal structure output section which are sequentially connected end to end from left to right. The gyrotron structure is simple in design and low in cost, and solves the problem of low output efficiency caused by the fact that second harmonic terahertz wave band electromagnetic waves generated by an existing gyrotron structure are difficult to be compatible with high beam-wave interaction efficiency and a suppression competition mode.

The application discloses a gyrotron maturation debugging system and method, belongs to the technical field of microwave vacuum electron device testing and maturation, integrates the gas removal maturation, power measurement and protection of the gyrotron, and operates the cathode power supply and the anode power supply in a modulation mode with a settable total pulse width, modulation period and duty cycle, takes the titanium pump current as a vacuum feedback quantity and sets multiple threshold values, automatically reduces the duty cycle, shortens the wave emission time and increases the exhaust time when the titanium pump current exceeds the first threshold value, and automatically stops when the titanium pump current exceeds the second threshold value, so that the closed-loop control of the self-adaptive slowing down first and the protection shutdown later is formed; the water load calorimetry method is used in combination with the integral method to solve the thermal equilibrium problem under the short pulse, and the power calibration is completed in the same process; the wave-free protection is automatically switched according to the output power level, the threshold value is self-calibrated by the actually measured detection voltage in the high-power stage, and the protection is enabled; and the application can improve the flexibility, consistency and reliability of the gyrotron maturation, and significantly improve the maturation efficiency.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack testing, in particular to a rotary acceleration type impact device which comprises a base, a rotary acceleration mechanism and a rotary acceleration mechanism. The arc-shaped track is semicircular; the acceleration track is semicircular, and the acceleration track is vertically connected to the base in a sliding mode; the impact track is located above the acceleration track and is vertically and slidably connected with the base, one end of the impact track is matched with the outlet, and the other end of the impact track is vertically and upwards provided with an impact head; the acceleration rod is rotationally connected to the base, a rotating shaft which is located at the circle center of the arc-shaped track and controlled by an acceleration motor is vertically and rotationally connected to the base, one end of the acceleration rod is installed on the rotating shaft, and an acceleration plate used for pushing the ball is arranged at the other end of the acceleration rod. The ball body can roll and accelerate in the whole circular track for unlimited times, the acceleration effect of the ball body is not limited, the number of rolling circles of the ball body can be selected according to experiment requirements, and therefore the speed of the ball body is changed, and the application range is wide.

The invention provides an electron gun design method applied to an ultra-wideband terahertz gyrotron system, and belongs to the technical field of high-frequency microwaves. The method comprises the following steps: S1, based on axial magnetic field data of an existing magnetic field system, calculating to obtain three-dimensional space magnetic field distribution corresponding to n typical maximum magnetic field intensity points; s2, based on the design indexes, calculating to obtain initial values of partial parameters of the electron gun; and S3, according to the three-dimensional space magnetic field distribution obtained in the step S1, electron gun parameters are optimized by adopting a joint simulation method, and the electron gun parameters meeting the design requirements are obtained. According to the electron gun design method provided by the invention, high-quality electron beams can be stably output within the frequency band of 330 GHz to 600 GHz, and the working performance and the application reliability of a frequency-adjustable terahertz gyrotron system are remarkably improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery temperature monitoring device for battery management, which comprises a battery box and a box body fixedly connected to the top of the battery box, a plurality of positioning frames are welded in the battery box, thermistors are embedded in the positioning frames, gyrotron is wrapped outside the positioning frames, and the gyrotron is connected with the box body. The interior of the box body is connected with a cold and hot water tank and a filter tank in a threaded screwing mode through bolts, the top of the cold and hot water tank is connected with a sealing plate, and three heating rods and three cooling rods penetrate through the interior of the sealing plate. At the moment, water is conveniently drained to the top of a filter plate through a first inclined plate in the filter box, scale is filtered through the filter plate, then tiny impurities in the water are diluted through activated carbon cloth, and therefore blockage of the gyrotron can be reduced.

The application belongs to the technical field of electric vacuum devices, and discloses a compact gyrotron terahertz source device based on a pulsed strong magnetic field, which comprises a power supply unit and a gyrotron tube body; a cathode for generating an electron beam and a resonant cavity serving as an electron beam channel are arranged on the gyrotron tube body, and the outer side circumferential wall of the electron beam channel of the gyrotron tube body serves as an anode; a coil unit for generating a pulsed magnetic field is arranged on the outer side circumferential wall of the electron beam channel of the gyrotron tube body; the coil unit comprises a continuous electric conductor, and the electric conductor is helically wound around the gyrotron tube body for multiple turns; the coil unit and the gyrotron tube body are connected in series in the same circuit, so that the current generated by the same power supply sequentially flows through the coil unit and the gyrotron tube body, thereby effectively solving the problems of complex structure, poor synchronous control precision and large energy loss of the conventional double-power-supply system, and improving the working reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the terahertz source device.

An electromagnetic power source (100, Fig. 1), e.g. a cylindrical or co-axial cavity gyrotron, surface wave source, klystron or travelling wave tube, configured to generate microwave or terahertz power modes for heating plasma in a nuclear fusion reactor (300, Fig. 6) is described. The power source comprises an excitation cavity 108 configured to generate an electromagnetic power mode 112, wherein the excitation cavity comprises a first, inner layer 122 thermally coupled to a second, outer layer 124, wherein the first layer comprises electrically conducting metal, e.g. copper, silver or gold, and the second layer comprises diamond. The diamond of the second layer may be a metal composite diamond or may be formed by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The second layer may, for example, comprise: a unitary structure; a plurality of coaxially stacked, hollow cylindrical or toroidal segments (130, Fig 8a); or a plurality of rectangular bars joined using a brazing or bonding material (123, Fig. 4).

The application provides a gyrotron fast voltage regulating method based on long pulse power forbidden zone prediction, belongs to the field of nuclear fusion plasma heating, and comprises the following steps: setting a target power, determining the adjustment range of the anode voltage of the gyrotron based on the target power; starting the gyrotron until the power of the gyrotron reaches a safe advance point, the safe advance point is located before the starting boundary of the power forbidden zone, and the anode voltage of the gyrotron is adjusted to the target voltage at one time according to the adjustment range; under the target voltage, the power of the gyrotron rapidly climbs to the target power after crossing the power forbidden zone and enters long pulse steady-state operation; and the system is also provided; the power forbidden zone and the safe advance point of long pulse operation are identified through statistical analysis, the anode voltage is adjusted at one time predictively when the starting process reaches the safe advance point, the power forbidden zone is quickly regulated after the voltage of the gyrotron is raised, and the gyrotron directly reaches the target power stable region, so that the long pulse starting success rate is significantly improved, the failure risk is reduced, and the starting time is shortened.

The invention discloses a fusion reactor ECRH system gyrotron power prediction method and a fusion reactor ECRH system gyrotron power prediction system. The method comprises the following steps: preprocessing collected gyrotron data; performing parameter selection and weight distribution on the preprocessed data; performing data length constraint, signal stability constraint and stable area proportion constraint on the selected and weighted parameters, and screening data meeting the triple engineering constraint conditions as steady-state operation data; grading the steady-state operation data according to the stability ratio and the relative standard deviation, and selecting a data set trained by the deep learning model according to the grade sequence of grading; inputting the data set into a deep learning model, adjusting hyper-parameters of the deep learning model by using a whale optimization algorithm, training the deep learning model, and inputting gyrotron data collected in real time into the trained deep learning model to obtain predicted gyrotron power; the method has the advantage that the prediction precision and efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a thermal coherence scattering system for measuring the ion temperature of a magnetic confinement fusion device, and relates to the technical field of magnetic confinement fusion plasma microwave diagnosis, and the system comprises a gyrotron which is used for generating a millimeter wave light beam; the quasi-optical matching unit is arranged at the output end of the gyrotron and is used for converting the millimeter wave light beam into a TEM00 mode and coupling the millimeter wave light beam into the metal corrugated circular waveguide in an HE11 mode; one of the three metal corrugated circular waveguides is installed at the output end of the quasi-optical matching unit, the two adjacent metal corrugated circular waveguides are connected through a rotatable polarizer elbow, and the two rotatable polarizer elbows jointly form a rotatable polarizer; according to the thermal coherence scattering system for measuring the ion temperature of the magnetic confinement fusion device, a metal corrugated circular waveguide is adopted for transmission. The advantage that the metal corrugated circular waveguide is used for transmission is that the waveguide has a shielding effect, and an additional shielding mode does not need to be considered.

The application discloses a high-gain radial gradually-changing loading structure of a gyrotron traveling wave tube, which comprises a gradually-changing attenuation ceramic section, a uniform attenuation ceramic section and a metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section which are sequentially nested outside an electron beam channel, wherein the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic section is a plurality of gradually-changing attenuation ceramics which are sequentially connected, the uniform attenuation ceramic section is also a plurality of uniform attenuation ceramics which are sequentially connected, and the outer diameters of the plurality of gradually-changing attenuation ceramics sequentially increase towards the uniform attenuation ceramic section; then a gradually-changing metal cylinder is sleeved outside the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic, and the gradually-changing metal cylinder, the uniform attenuation ceramic and a heat insulation metal gasket have the same outer diameter; and a loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder is further sleeved outside the gradually-changing metal cylinder, the uniform attenuation ceramic and the heat insulation metal gasket, namely, the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic structure is adopted to realize gradually-increasing attenuation, so that the gain and bandwidth of the gyrotron traveling wave tube are improved, and the working stability of the gyrotron traveling wave tube is ensured.

The invention discloses a pre-cavity electron beam channel structure for suppressing parasitic oscillation of a high-power gyrotron. The structure comprises a cathode end electron beam channel cylinder and a resonant cavity end electron beam channel cylinder which are communicated with each other, the cathode end electron beam channel cylinder comprises a cathode end outer cylinder and a cathode end inner cylinder which are sleeved and fixed together, and a first channel in a conical cylinder shape is formed in the cathode end outer cylinder; the resonant cavity end electron beam channel cylinder comprises a resonant cavity end outer cylinder and a resonant cavity end inner cylinder which are sleeved and fixed together, a second channel of a kidney-shaped cylindrical structure is formed in the resonant cavity end inner cylinder, the inner diameter of the second channel is gradually reduced from the two ends to the middle, and the interior of the resonant cavity end inner cylinder is further concaved inwards to form a plurality of inner holes which are not symmetric about the central axis. When the structure is used, the problems that in the prior art, a gyrotron parasitic oscillation suppression mode is complex in machining and high in cost, and parasitic oscillation of a low-frequency band cannot be effectively suppressed are solved.

The application discloses a gyrotron traveling wave tube axial gradually changing loading high-frequency injection wave interaction circuit structure, relates to vacuum electron technology, and comprises a loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder, a first hollow cylindrical surface and a second hollow cylindrical surface which are coaxial, the radius of the first hollow cylindrical surface is greater than that of the second hollow cylindrical surface, a second substructure as a metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section, gradually changing attenuation ceramic sections arranged at both ends of the hollow cylindrical surface of the first substructure, and the thickness of the gradually changing attenuation ceramic of each section of the gradually changing attenuation ceramic sections of the two parts gradually increases in the axial direction towards the middle part of the first substructure, uniform attenuation ceramic arranged between the gradually changing attenuation ceramic sections of the two parts, and an electron beam channel with a coaxial fixed radius formed based on the hollow cylindrical surfaces of the first substructure and the second substructure. The structure combining axial attenuation at both ends and uniform attenuation can realize precisely controllable attenuation, and can greatly improve the gain, bandwidth and working stability of the gyrotron traveling wave tube.

A low-frequency-band convolution backward wave tube structure disclosed by the present invention comprises a cut-off transition section, an interaction section and an output transition section which are coaxially connected in sequence, the cut-off transition section is internally provided with a cathode structure, the interaction section is cylindrical, the interior of the interaction section is in a vacuum state, the interior of the interaction section is connected with a metamaterial unit sequence, and the output transition section is internally connected with a collector. The metamaterial unit sequence comprises a plurality of three-elliptical-ring metamaterial units which are connected at intervals in the axial direction of the interaction section, a dislocation angle is formed between every two adjacent three-elliptical-ring metamaterial units, the metamaterial unit sequence provides backward waves in the interaction section, and under the action of an external voltage and an axial magnetic field, the metamaterial unit sequence can generate a three-elliptical-ring metamaterial. The cut-off transition section reflects the backward wave back to the interaction section and cuts off the wave with the frequency lower than 2.41 GHz, the metamaterial unit sequence enables electromagnetic energy to be directed to a TE11 mode, the output transition section radiates the electromagnetic energy in the TE11 mode, and a miniaturized structure of the TE11 mode can be achieved at a low frequency band.

The application discloses a gyrotron output window design method, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave. The application firstly establishes a thickness calculation formula of an ideal non-reflection layer window sheet of the output window and a theoretical calculation formula of a reflection coefficient S11 of the output window; then based on a mapping relationship between the thickness of each layer window sheet of the output window and the reflection coefficient S11 of the output window, a fitness function for evaluating the performance of the output window is established, and a global optimization algorithm is used to calculate the theoretical optimal thickness of each layer window sheet of the output window; then a simulation model is established to perform simulation verification or simulation optimization to obtain the output window with a bandwidth meeting the design requirements; finally, the energy absorbed by the output window is solved by the simulation model to serve as a heat source, a grid encryption method is used to perform thermal analysis on the output window, and post-processing is performed on the thermal analysis result until the output window with a power capacity meeting the design requirements is obtained. The application has high design freedom, fast calculation speed and high universality, and can realize high-performance comprehensive design.

The invention provides a gyrotron rapid voltage regulation method based on long pulse power forbidden zone prejudgment, and belongs to the field of nuclear fusion plasma heating, and the method comprises the steps: setting target power, and determining the adjustment amplitude of the gyrotron anode voltage based on the target power; starting the gyrotron until the power of the gyrotron reaches a safety advance point which is located before the starting boundary of the power forbidden zone, and adjusting the anode voltage of the gyrotron to the target voltage at one time according to the adjustment amplitude; under the target voltage, the power of the gyrotron rapidly passes through a power forbidden zone and then climbs to the target power, and enters long-pulse steady-state operation; the invention further provides a system. A power forbidden zone and a safety advance point of long pulse operation are identified through statistical analysis, and the anode voltage is pre-judged and adjusted at one time when the safety advance point is reached in the starting process, so that the gyrotron quickly adjusts the voltage of the power forbidden zone after boosting, and directly reaches a target power stable zone; therefore, the long-pulse starting success rate is obviously improved, the fault risk is reduced, and the starting time is shortened.