The invention discloses a terahertz radiation source based on a special Smith-Purcell effect. The terahertz radiation source comprises an electronic gun (1), metal rectangular gratings (3), a collector (4), a metal flat reflector (6) and an output port (8), wherein the electronic gun (1) is opposite to the collector (4), the metal rectangular gratings (3) are arranged between the electronic gun (1) and the collector (4), the metal flat reflector (6) is disposed above the metal rectangular gratings (3), and the output port (8) is arranged at the metal flat reflector (6). According to the invention, the oscillation-starting current density of an electron beam can be substantially reduced, through adjusting the distance from the reflector to the gratings, the terahertz radiation source can work at a lowest mold or a secondary mode in a controllable way, the structure is simple, required work voltages are low, huge external additional equipment is unnecessary, and miniaturization and integration are quite easily realized.