312 results about "Ion channel" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, in particular to a sulfonated polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The proton exchange membrane structurally comprises a polybenzimidazole polymer main chain and a sulfonic acid group, the free volume of the polybenzimidazole polymer is regulated and controlled by synthesizing raw materials with different structures, and the polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane is obtained by sulfonating the polybenzimidazole polymer. Aiming at the problems of cross permeation of vanadium ion electrolyte of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, capacity attenuation of the all-vanadium redox flow battery and low energy conversion efficiency, the preparation method comprises the following steps: constructing a polybenzimidazole polymer main chain by selecting raw materials with high rigidity and high free volume; the mechanical property of the polybenzimidazole membrane is improved while a rapid ion channel is constructed in the polymer membrane, and water molecules can be contained to limit swelling of a membrane material.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a recombinant engineered deubiquitinase (DUB) and methods for treating or ameliorating an inherited ion channelopathy, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, or cystic fibrosis, in a subject. Further provided are methods for screening mutations causing such inherited ion channelopathies for a trafficking-deficient mutation that is treatable by the recombinant engineered DUB disclosed herein.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a recombinant engineered deubiquitinase (DUB) and methods for treating or ameliorating an inherited ion channelopathy, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, or cystic fibrosis, in a subject. Further provided are methods for screening mutations causing such inherited ion channelopathies for a trafficking-deficient mutation that is treatable by the recombinant engineered DUB disclosed herein.

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission membranes, in particular to a transmission membrane based on dithienylethene and a preparation method of the transmission membrane. The transmission film comprises a base film and light-operated molecules, the base film is coated with the light-operated molecules, and the light-operated molecules have light response groups. A detection result shows that after ultraviolet irradiation, the transmission film can quickly realize complete conversion from an open loop to a closed loop; after visible light irradiation is recovered, the transmission film can efficiently and reversibly recover to an open-loop state. In addition, the transport membrane has a high on-off ratio to five ions of sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium and calcium. The transmission membrane based on dithienylethene, which is prepared by taking terminal amino-modified dithienylethene as a basic unit, not only has abundant nano-channels, but also is endowed with the characteristic of regulating and controlling the opening and closing of the nano-pore by a photoresponse functional group, and the closing and opening of an ion channel can be accurately regulated and controlled through the alternate irradiation of ultraviolet light and visible light, so that the transmission membrane has a good application prospect. And the controllability of light-operated ion transmission is finally realized.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an organic polymer solid electrolyte composite additive. According to the preparation method, a poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane-Li6PS5Cl composite additive material is prepared by adopting a click chemistry reaction; functional groups at two ends of a mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane molecule are respectively coupled with chemical bonds of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and Li6PS5Cl inorganic electrolyte to construct a stable bonding interface of organic matrix-silane coupling agent-inorganic matrix under the action of chemical bond valence force. The problems that traditional inorganic additives are serious in particle aggregation, poor in compatibility with a polymer solid electrolyte body interface and the like are solved, and by starting with the stability of the internal interface of the additives and construction of ion channels, the organic polymer solid electrolyte is prepared by means of defect regulation and control between organic polymer functional groups and the inorganic additives. The interfacial compatibility and the efficient and rapid ion transmission capability of the material are obviously improved. According to the invention, efficient ion transmission and long-acting cycle stability of an internal interface of the organic polymer solid electrolyte can be realized.

The invention discloses a screen cloth enhanced polybenzimidazole porous membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing polybenzimidazole, a polar solvent and a template to obtain a mixed solution, coating a base material with the mixed solution, placing a polymer mesh on the previous base material, and carrying out in-situ compounding, polar solvent removal and film formation to obtain a compact mesh reinforced polybenzimidazole film; and then carrying out in-situ etching treatment to prepare the screen cloth enhanced polybenzimidazole porous membrane. The size and connectivity of ion channels in the membrane can be regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the type and content of templates in the membrane casting process, and the polybenzimidazole porous layer can be ultrathin by combining the effect of enhancing the mechanical property of the polymer mesh cloth, so that the mass transfer resistance of the polybenzimidazole porous separation layer is remarkably reduced, and the performance of the membrane is improved. The mesh-reinforced polybenzimidazole porous membrane has good dimensional stability and pore uniformity, and has the characteristics of high ion selectivity, high ion conductivity and high stability.

The invention discloses a biomarker for early diagnosis of femoral head necrosis and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of biology. The biological marker is a serum mechanical gating cation channel Piezo1. The research finds that after early vascular endothelial cells of femoral head necrosis are damaged, the Piezo1 expression is reduced, so that the Piezo1 in blood is obviously reduced, that is, the serum mechanical gating cation channel Piezo1 can assist MRI to serve as a new index of femoral head necrosis; the monitoring of the level of the serum mechanical gating cation channel Piezo1 provides a new marker for the screening of early femoral head necrosis.

The invention discloses a patch clamp electrophysiological data processing method and a patch clamp electrophysiological data processing system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ion channel current data through a patch clamp microelectrode; baseline drift removal processing is carried out on the ion channel current data through an adaptive quadratic linear fitting function to obtain baseline correction current data; performing discretization processing and high-frequency filtering processing on the baseline correction current data based on a preset sampling frequency to obtain a filtering current signal sequence; performing calculation through a false nearest neighbor method to obtain an optimal embedding dimension, performing calculation based on an average displacement method to obtain optimal delay time, and performing second phase space reconstruction through the filtering current signal sequence, the optimal embedding dimension and the optimal delay time to obtain an optimal vector set and a phase space reconstruction matrix; calculating through a singular value decomposition algorithm and a Shannon formula to obtain a principal component vector set and an information entropy corresponding to each vector, judging through a preset information entropy threshold to obtain a principal vector sequence, and reconstructing through a singular matrix to obtain electrophysiological feature data.

The invention discloses a far-infrared functional photobiotin composite material, an acupoint patch prepared from the far-infrared functional photobiotin composite material and application of the acupoint patch, and belongs to the technical field of far-infrared medical materials. The photobiotin composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 45 parts of modified stone needle, 20 to 30 parts of medical stone, 10 to 20 parts of germanite, 5 to 10 parts of silicon dioxide and 5 to 10 parts of aluminum oxide. The modified stone needle is prepared by processes of bentonite interlayer chambering, LaFe perovskite / TiO2 quantum dot intercalation, Prussian blue analogue loading and the like. The composite material has a far infrared emission characteristic and can generate resonance absorption with human tissues, negative oxygen ions are released through quantum dot photocatalysis, and a porous structure adsorbs inflammatory factors, namely LaFe perovskite / TiO2 quantum dot photocatalysis and cooperates with stone needle far infrared radiation to destroy bacterial cell membranes; and the medical stone releases trace elements to inhibit bacterial activity. The prepared acupoint patch is compounded with a medical pressure-sensitive adhesive through a compression molding process to generate micro-current to stimulate a TRPV1 ion channel, so that the treatment of facial paralysis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of anion exchange membranes, in particular to a dual-ion-channel synergistic enhanced conduction anion exchange membrane for alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production and a preparation method of the dual-ion-channel synergistic enhanced conduction anion exchange membrane for alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, and the dual-ion-channel synergistic enhanced conduction anion exchange membrane for alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production is prepared by blending and crosslinking quaternized polyether-ether-ketone and carboxylated polyether sulfone, the carboxylated polyethersulfone provides a cation channel to form a double-ion synergistic conduction structure; the preparation process of the anion exchange membrane comprises the steps of quaternized polyether-ether-ketone synthesis, carboxylated polyether sulfone synthesis, membrane casting solution preparation, tape casting drying, crosslinking treatment and alkali liquor ion exchange. By constructing a double-ion channel structure, the synergistic conduction of anions and cations is realized, and the total ion conduction efficiency of the membrane is remarkably improved. The two polymer components form a continuously interlaced channel network, so that the defect that the conduction path of the traditional single ion channel membrane is isolated is avoided.

The invention relates to a continuous ion beam screening and enriching system and method and a mass spectrograph, and the continuous ion beam screening and enriching system comprises a vacuum differential unit, a first ion focusing unit, a mass screening unit, a second ion focusing unit, an enriching and releasing unit and a third ion focusing unit which are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream. The enrichment and release unit is provided with a shell and a plurality of annular electrode plates which are arranged in parallel and located in a cavity of the shell, a resistor and a capacitor are connected between every two adjacent annular electrode plates to form a gradient electric field, and center holes of the annular electrode plates are concentrically arranged to jointly form an ion channel penetrating between an inlet and an outlet of the enrichment and release unit. According to the invention, continuous ion beam low-energy-consumption enrichment and pulse release can be realized, and strict requirements of scientific and industrial fields on mass spectrum detection and ion control precision are met.

The invention discloses a normal-temperature and normal-pressure optical fiber chemical synthesis method and device. The core is a sandwich type optical fiber chemical membrane electrode (anode / ion exchange membrane / cathode + diffusion layer); the parallel scattering type optical fiber realizes near-uniform illumination and local enhancement on an interface. The anode uses 90-112 nm VUV to promote H dissociation, and the cathode uses 80-100 nm VUV to activate and reduce N; the direct current / pulse of the power supply is programmable. The membrane is PEM / AEM / CEM (5-200m), and an ion channel is functionally optimized through nanofiller, crosslinking and functionalization; and the catalytic surface is loaded with 1-100nm of transition metal compound and anchored. Arranging an inert / reduced-pressure sealed light path to improve VUV coupling; raw material gas H: N = 1: 1-5 (preferably 1: 3), and inert carrier gas can be added. The system is connected to online characterization and AI closed loop, ammonia is continuously produced at 0-40 DEG C and 0.8-1.2 atm, and selectivity and Faraday efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to a composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, the composite solid electrolyte comprises: a lithium zirconium phosphate (LZP) oligomer: a chain nanocluster with a polymerization degree of 5-10, the surface of which is modified by trimethyl phosphate (TMP) to form a phosphate group; a polymer matrix, namely PVDF-HFP; the lithium salt is lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) LiFSI or LiDFOB, and the molar ratio of the lithium salt to the polymer repeating unit is (1: 8)-(1: 12); wherein the LZP oligomer and a-CF2 group of the PVDF-HFP form a hydrogen bond through a phosphate group of the TMP, and the LZP oligomer and the-CF2 group of the PVDF-HFP interact with each other through a dipole, so that molecular-level interface bonding is realized; the LZP oligomer constructs a continuous three-dimensional ion channel in the electrolyte, and the dielectric constant is 60-80; the electrolyte forms a film at 60 DEG C or below by a solution casting method.

A construction and use of an environmentally adaptive co-regulated mRNA nanodelivery system. By incorporating EACR molecules into mRNA nanoparticles, the microenvironment is remodeled to be suitable for robust and sustained mRNA expression, while tissue damage associated with the self-immunogenicity of mRNA drugs is avoided. The nanodelivery system is compatible with ionizable lipid nanoparticles, cationic liposomes, cationic nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles. The EACR molecules include: anti-inflammatory drugs, tyrosine kinases / adaptors, JAK / STAT and MAPK pathway inhibitors, nutrients and metabolites, membrane transporters / ion channels, phosphodiesterase and cellular stress inhibitors, and natural viral proteins. The therapeutic mRNAs may encode tumor, viral, or bacterial antigens, immunomodulatory factors, therapeutic antibodies, or functional proteins / enzymes, and can play a role in the fields of regenerative medicine, protein supplementation / replacement therapy, targeted gene editing, and immunotherapy.

The invention relates to a multi-gradient positive electrode and a preparation method thereof, and an all-solid-state battery and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the multi-gradient positive electrode comprises a current collector, a high electron channel layer and a high ion channel layer which are arranged in sequence, and the mass ratios of positive electrode active materials in the high electron channel layer and the high ion channel layer are the same; the mass ratio of the conductive agent in the high electron channel layer is higher than the mass ratio of the conductive agent in the high ion channel layer; and the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte in the high electron channel layer is lower than the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte in the high ion channel layer. The mass ratio of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode is kept, and the component gradient of the electrode is constructed through the content change of the conductive agent and the solid electrolyte, so that the optimized distribution of the electrode components is realized, the contact between the solid electrolyte and the active material is increased, and the high energy density is kept; therefore, the solid battery gives consideration to both energy density and rate capability, and the cycling stability and the capacity retention ratio of the solid battery are improved.

The invention discloses a water-absorbing and moisture-preserving type long-acting resistance-reducing grounding module and an industrial production method thereof. The water-absorbing and moisture-preserving type long-acting resistance-reducing grounding module comprises a grounding module body, a graphite-based flexible grounding belt and a water-absorbing pipe. The grounding module body is obtained by mixing graphite chippings, bentonite and water glass and then performing compression molding. And one end of the graphite-based flexible grounding strip is arranged in the grounding module body. One end of the water suction pipe is arranged in the grounding module body, and a plurality of water inlet micropores are distributed in a pipe body of the water suction pipe. According to the invention, a'graphite conductive network-water glass ion channel-bentonite water storage unit 'ternary synergistic system is constructed, and the water absorption pipe absorbs water and stores the water into the module, so that the module can still keep stable grounding resistance in a drought or freeze thawing environment, and meanwhile, flexible graphite production waste is adopted as a main raw material, so that the cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. Through surface activation, particle size grading and interface optimization, 100% solid waste resource utilization is realized.

The invention discloses a preparation process of a two-chamber bipolar membrane based on a bipolar membrane and an anion exchange membrane. According to the invention, a nano titanium oxide sol anti-pollution coating technology is introduced, so that the comprehensive performance of the two-chamber bipolar membrane system is remarkably improved. A traditional bipolar membrane is easily adsorbed by pollutants in the organic matter separation process, so that an ion channel on the surface of the membrane is blocked, and the electrochemical efficiency is attenuated. According to the process, a photocatalytic active layer is constructed on the surface of the membrane, residual organic matters can be continuously decomposed under ultraviolet irradiation, and meanwhile, the pollutant attachment probability is reduced through the super-hydrophilic characteristic, so that a membrane assembly keeps stable ion selective permeability in long-term operation, the service life of a membrane stack is effectively prolonged, and the chemical cleaning frequency is reduced. In addition, the interface bonding force is enhanced through chemical bonding of the nano coating and the film substrate, the problem that traditional physical coating is prone to falling off is solved, and the mechanical stability of the film stack under the high current density is guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, in particular to a high-oxidation-resistance polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the proton exchange membrane, different polymeric monomers with high oxidation resistance are mixed in the reaction process to prepare a polybenzimidazole block copolymer, and after the membrane formed by the polybenzimidazole block copolymer is soaked in high-concentration acid liquor, rapid and selective conduction of protons is achieved. Aiming at the problems that in the application process of poly (2, 2 '-(p-oxybiphenyl)-5, 5'-benzimidazole) in an all-vanadium redox flow battery, a polymer skeleton is easily oxidized by VO < 2 + > ions, so that the battery capacity is attenuated, and the energy conversion efficiency is continuously reduced, the preparation method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a high-oxidation-resistance polybenzimidazole block copolymer main chain; the microphase separation structure of the polybenzimidazole block copolymer membrane can be effectively improved, a rapid ion channel is constructed in the polybenzimidazole block copolymer membrane, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of an acid solution is increased.

The invention discloses a high-stability salinity gradient power generation film, a preparation method and application thereof, and a self-supporting film with an ordered layered structure is prepared by compounding montmorillonite MMT nanosheets and nanocellulose and combining vacuum filtration and gradient drying processes. The MMT nanosheet layered structure provides a directional ion channel, the negative charge surface enhances the cation selectivity, the nanocellulose flexible network inhibits MMT stacking, and the hydrogen-bond interaction improves the interface bonding force. The power density of the thin film reaches 4-6 W / m (50 times of salinity difference), the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 20 MPa, and the power attenuation rate is smaller than or equal to 5% after the thin film continuously operates for 100 hours. The preparation process is green and controllable, is suitable for seawater-river water and industrial wastewater salinity gradient power generation scenes, and has large-scale application potential.

This invention belongs to the field of solid waste resource utilization and energy storage technology, specifically relating to a highly conductive, ion-uniformly distributed porous solid waste-fiber composite electrolyte and its preparation and application. Currently, cement-based electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity, small pore size, and poor connectivity. This invention involves bridging two copper meshes with fibers to form a chain-like aggregate structure, creating a three-dimensional framework. A mixed slurry of steel slag, mineral powder, and polymer microspheres is then filled into this framework. The polymer microspheres are then removed to create uniformly distributed pores, yielding the solid waste-fiber composite electrolyte. This invention utilizes industrial solid waste to prepare the electrolyte matrix, introduces fibers to form short-distance interconnected ion channels, and incorporates soluble polymer microspheres to create a controllable and uniformly distributed pore structure within the solid waste-fiber composite electrolyte, thereby improving the electrolyte's ionic conductivity. The prepared composite electrolyte can be used to assemble supercapacitors, achieving performance optimization.

The present invention discloses a far-infrared functional bioluminescent composite material, an acupuncture patch prepared from the composite material, and its application, belonging to the technical field of far-infrared medical materials. The bioluminescent composite material is composed of the following components by weight: 25-45 parts of modified Bianstone, 20-30 parts of medical stone, 10-20 parts of germanium stone, 5-10 parts of silicon dioxide, and 5-10 parts of aluminum oxide. The modified Bianstone is prepared by processes such as bentonite interlayer pore expansion, LaFe perovskite / TiO2 quantum dot intercalation, and Prussian blue analog loading. The composite material has far-infrared emission characteristics and can resonate with human tissue to absorb negative oxygen ions through quantum dot photocatalysis. The porous structure adsorbs inflammatory factors. The LaFe perovskite / TiO2 quantum dot photocatalysis synergizes with the far-infrared radiation of the Bianstone to destroy bacterial cell membranes; the medical stone releases trace elements to inhibit bacterial activity. The prepared acupuncture patch is compounded with a medical pressure-sensitive adhesive through a molding process to generate microcurrent to stimulate the TRPV1 ion channel, achieving the treatment of facial paralysis, hypertension, and diabetes.

This invention discloses an acaricide targeting calcium ion channels and its application, belonging to the field of pesticides. Specifically, it relates to an acaricide based on the L-type calcium ion channel (L-VGCC) target and its application in the control of agricultural mites. The acaricide, artemisinin [Formula (I)], is a natural coumarin compound that is highly effective against agricultural mites and safe against predatory mites. It is a targeted, natural, and environmentally friendly acaricide with minimal harm to humans and the environment, and has the potential to be developed into a selective acaricide.

The invention discloses an ordered ion channel polyamide nano composite membrane, a preparation method and application, relates to the field of lithium magnesium membrane separation, and aims to solve the problem of poor selectivity in the prior art. The technical scheme is as follows: amino benzo crown ether is covalently grafted on an ultrafiltration base membrane in situ through diazotization-coupling reaction; then, a polyamide compact layer is prepared on the crown ether nano layer subjected to in-situ self-assembly through interfacial polymerization, and the polyamide nano composite membrane with the ordered ion transmission channel is jointly constructed. The residual amino groups on the surface of the in-situ covalent grafted crown ether nano layer can also participate in interfacial polymerization reaction, so that the ordered ion channel crown ether macromolecular layer and the polyamide compact layer are connected through chemical bonds to jointly form the polyamide nano composite membrane with the ordered ion transmission channel. And the method is suitable for extracting lithium from the salt lake brine.

The invention discloses a method for quantifying response of two carbon utilization modes of microalgae to weathered carbon sink of magnesium-containing silicate rock, which comprises the following steps: culturing two groups of microalgae under the same culture condition, adding magnesium-containing silicate rock and microalgae into one group, and setting an inhibitor (AZ / DIDS) added with a certain carbon utilization mode as an experimental group; and only magnesium-containing silicate rock and microalgae are added into one group as a blank group without adding an inhibitor (AZ / DIDS) of a certain carbon utilization mode. Setting the treatment group added with AZ (10mM) and DIDS (2mM) as an experimental group, and subtracting the weathering quantity of the magnesium-containing silicate rocks in the treatment group not added with AZ / DIDS and the treatment group added with AZ / DIDS to obtain the weathering quantity delta Ti of the magnesium-containing silicate rocks under the influence of the microalgae anion channel utilization mode, namely delta Ti = Ti-Ti (AZ / DIDS), and rock weathering carbon sink Qi = delta Ti under the influence of the microalgae anion channel utilization mode. Fitting a polynomial function Q = Q (i) to obtain the response function of the microalgae extracellular carbonic anhydrase mode or the microalgae anion channel utilization mode to the weathering carbon sink of the magnesium-containing silicate rock. According to the method, the rock weathering carbon sink quantity under the influence of two carbon utilization modes of the microalgae can be rapidly and accurately obtained. The invention provides the method for quantifying the response of the two carbon utilization modes of the microalgae to the weathered carbon sink of the magnesium-containing silicate rock so as to overcome the defect that the response of the two carbon utilization modes of the microalgae to the weathered carbon sink of the magnesium-containing silicate rock cannot be quantified in the prior art.

The present invention relates to the technical field of plant compositions, and in particular to a plant anti-allergic, antipruritic and analgesic composition and its application. The present application discloses a plant anti-allergic, antipruritic and analgesic composition, which comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: gentiana cyanus extract: 0.5%-5%, kava root extract: 1%-10%, prickly pear cactus leaf extract: 0.5%-5%, Centella asiatica extract: 1%-10%, and the balance is water. The present application provides a plant anti-allergic, antipruritic and analgesic composition, which achieves the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antipruritic and analgesic by inhibiting NO generation, inhibiting histamine pathways and inhibiting TRPV1 ion channels.

Systems and techniques are provided for making genetically engineered ion channels (ICs) with bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) complexes and using such ICs for efficient readout of neural activity and output of biological neuronal networks.SOLUTION: In one implementation, the disclosed technology includes identifying a target location in the IC for expression of a target protein including a donor tag protein and an acceptor tag protein, and modifying the genome of the neuronal cell at a portion associated with the target location in the IC. The technique further includes causing the neuronal cell to express the target protein in the IC according to the modified genome. In the first (second) state of the IC, the donor tag protein is at a first (second) distance from the acceptor tag protein that is related to the absence (presence) of energy transfer between the donor tag protein and the acceptor tag protein.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A-3C

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a recombinant engineered deubiquitinase (DUB) and methods for treating or ameliorating an inherited ion channelopathy, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, or cystic fibrosis, in a subject. Further provided are methods for screening mutations causing such inherited ion channelopathies for a trafficking-deficient mutation that is treatable by the recombinant engineered DUB disclosed herein.

This application discloses a self-cleaning electrolysis module and electrolysis equipment. The self-cleaning electrolysis module includes a shell and an electrolysis space within the shell. The electrolysis space is divided into a first chamber with a first electrode and a second chamber with a second electrode by a first separator. The first and second electrodes have opposite polarities and their polarities can be switched. The first separator is an ion channel for cations. The first chamber is provided with a first inlet pipe and a first outlet pipe, and the second chamber is provided with a second inlet pipe and a second outlet pipe. The first and second inlet pipes are arranged in parallel. When the electrode in any chamber is an anode, the inlet and outlet pipes of the current chamber are connected, and the inlet pipes of adjacent chambers are disconnected. The self-cleaning electrolysis module of this application can output electrolysis products with high redox potentials and can also achieve self-cleaning of scale in the chamber by switching electrode polarities.

Provided herein are methods of treating a patient suffering from varicose veins, methods of identifying a subject at increased risk of developing varicose veins, and methods of diagnosing varicose veins in a human subject, the methods comprising detecting the presence of a Piezoelectric Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1 (PIEZO1) predicted loss-of-function variant nucleic acid molecule and polypeptide in a biological sample from the patient or subject.

Provided herein are depolarizing ion channel therapeutics and methods of using the same for treating retinal and neurodegenerative diseases.