49 results about "Membrane conductivity" patented technology

The present teachings relate to the application of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to demonstrate the multifunctionality of carbon nanocomposite thin films under various types of environmental stimuli. Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films are fabricated by a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique or other techniques and mounted with electrodes along their boundaries. The response of the thin films to various stimuli determined by relying on electric current excitation and corresponding boundary potential measurements. The spatial conductivity variations are reconstructed based on a mathematical model for the EIT technique. Here, the ability of the EIT method to provide two-dimensional mapping of the conductivity of CNT thin films is validated by (1) electrically imaging intentional structural defects in the thin films and (2) mapping the film's response to various pH environments.

Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Particular aspects of the present invention provide compositions and methods suitable for modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Additional aspects provide compositions and methods suitable for modulating intracellular signal transduction, including modulation of at least one of membrane structure, membrane potential or membrane conductivity, membrane proteins or receptors, ion channels, and calcium dependant cellular messaging systems, comprising use of the inventive electrokinetically altered solutions to impart electrochemical and/or conformational changes in membranous structures (e.g., membrane proteins, receptors and/or other components) including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), G-proteins, and/or intracellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes).

The invention pertains to the technical field of composite materials and function materials, in particular to a functionalized hollow silica microsphere and a preparation method thereof. The functionalized hollow silica microsphere is formed by taking polystyrene microspheres with positive charge as a template and by taking alkali as an etchant and a catalyst to lead silane coupling agent to carry out condensation and hydrolysis on the surfaces of the polystyrene microspheres; meanwhile, the polystyrene microspheres are etched. The varied functional groups functionalized hollow silica microspheres prepared by the invention have small density, large specific area and special functional groups, thereby being used for absorbing heavy metals, proton exchange membrane conductivity modifiers, functional filling and functional material carriers.

Particular aspects of the present invention provide compositions and methods for modulating intracellular signal transduction, including modulation of at least one of membrane structure, membrane potential or membrane conductivity, membrane proteins or receptors, ion channels, and calcium dependant cellular messaging systems, comprising use of the inventive electrokinetically generated solutions to impart electrochemical and/or conformational changes in membranous structures (e.g., membrane and/or membrane proteins, receptors or other components) including but not limited to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and/or G-proteins, and intracellular junctions. In particular embodiments, the electrokinetically generated solutions or compositions are gas-enriched and/or comprise other therapeutic agents. Other embodiments include particular therapeutic methods comprising administration or formulations of the therapeutic compositions, and in various combination treatments.

An advanced control system for a membrane bioreactor based wastewater treatment plant is disclosed. The disclosed control system comprises a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system and a microprocessor based controller that receives signals corresponding to selected measured MBR parameters and calculates or estimates one or more MBR calculated parameters including Membrane Conductivity (Fxc); and/or Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR). The microprocessor based controller compares one or more calculated or estimated MBR parameters to prescribed setpoints or desired ranges and governs one or more pumps and valves in the MBR system to adjust the cleaning cycle the MBR system, the MBR flows in the MBR system, or the influent flow to the biological basin in response thereto.

A method is provided for making crosslinked acidic polymers useful as ion conductive membranes, such as crosslinked sulfonated polyether ketones, sulfonated polysulfones, sulfonated polystyrenes, and other acidic polymers, by crosslinking with a species which generates an acidic functionality. The crosslinker preferably binds to acid functions by conversion of acid groups to imide functionality, which, due to the acidity of the N-H bonds therein, compensate for the acidity lost by the occupation of the acid groups and thus preserve membrane conductivity while contributing to membrane strength and resistance to swelling.

The invention provides a preparation method of a flexible elastic stress sensing conductive film and belongs to the technical field of conductive materials. According to the preparation method of theinvention, metal conductive nanoparticles are modified, so that the metal conductive nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in a polymer material, and the load capacity of the metal conductive nanoparticles is increased. The film provided by the invention combines the conductivity of the metal conductive nanomaterial and the flexibility of the polymer material; when the film is subjected to tensile and compressive stress, the polymer material is deformed, and therefore, the nano conductive particles move, electron delocalization occurs, and the conductivity of the film changes, and as a result, a piezoresistive effect can be directly measured according to the magnitude of the deformation. In the light of experimental data in the embodiments of the present invention, the load capacity ofthe metal conductive nanoparticles in the polymer material can reach 45%.

The invention discloses a method for improving the electric conductivity of an amorphous silicon membrane, and belongs to the technical field of amorphous silicon membrane materials and apparatuses. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning an insulating substrate; (2) depositing an amorphous ruthenium alloy film on the surface of the substrate by silicon-ruthenium composite target sputtering; (3) carrying out in-situ annealing treatment; and (4) preparing a metal electrode by adopting a copular electrode method. According to the method for improving electric conductivity of the amorphous silicon membrane disclosed by the invention, noble metal ruthenium is introduced to an amorphous network, so that the electric conductivity of the amorphous silicon membrane is effectively improved when the higher resistor temperature coefficient and good optical adsorption characteristics of the amorphous silicon membrane are kept. The method can be used for the fields such as thermistors, infrared detectors, silicon-based film solar cells, and the like.

The invention provides an application of an MXene membrane in reverse electrodialysis power generation, and the MXene membrane has a two-dimensional layered structure, wherein the thickness of the MXene membrane is 1-30 microns, and the single-layer spacing is 0.1-0.5nm. When the MXene membrane is applied in reverse electrodialysis power generation, a power generation system with higher membrane conductivity, stronger ion conductivity, larger ion exchange capacity, lower membrane resistance and stronger ion selectivity can be obtained, so that higher power generation efficiency is provided, and the maintenance time is long. Moreover, the MXene membrane is applied in the reverse electrodialysis power generation process, so the concentration and pH range of the concentrated salt solution andthe dilute salt solution can be expanded, high power generation efficiency can be ensured in the environments with small concentration difference, acidity and alkalinity, and the MXene membrane has agood application prospect in the field of reverse electrodialysis.

An acid-base proton conducting polymer blend membrane is provided. The acid-base proton conducting polymer blend membrane comprises a first acidic polymer having acidic subunits, a second basic polymer having basic subunits, and a third polymer containing one or more functional units for improving membrane conductivity, flexibility, water remaining ability, dimension stability, and methanol crossover. In one embodiment, the acid-base polymer blend membrane of the present invention comprises a first acidic polymer having acidic subunits, a second basic polymer having basic subunits, wherein at least one of the first acidic and second basic polymer comprises one or more functional units to improve the properties of the membrane. The functional units include hydrophilic units, methanol blocking units, methanol blocking units, dimensional stabilizer units, and flexible units.

Disclosed is a fuel cell anionic membrane capable of blocking methanol permeation. Isobutylene, 1-chloroisopentene and cross-linked monomer 2-trifluoromethyl-6-methyl-5- heptylene acetate are subjected to processes of cationic pre-polymerization, amination, quaternization and dehydrating and cracking to obtain ethylenic bond, and then free radicals are subjected to polymerization and dense cross-linking to form the polyisobutene anionic membrane. The anionic membrane cannot be degraded in strong alkaline due to its saturated tertiary alkyl main chain, and further has the advantages of excellent alkali resistance and methanol blocking capacity. The membrane conductivity at room temperature is not less than 80mS/cm.

A fuel cell system (100) and operational methods (200, 300 and 400) are described that utilize a combination of sensor input and component models for causing the system's cathode effluent (150) to selectively bypass cathode effluent processing components (140) so as to obtain or maintain a desired cathode inlet relative humidity or dew point. The described system and methods may operate open loop (e.g., without sensor feedback to verify operation) or closed loop (e.g., relying on cathode inlet relative humidity/dew point sensors or fuel cell stack membrane conductivity measures).

The application discloses an apparatus and method for testing the conductivity of a battery diaphragm. The apparatus comprises a conductance cell housing, a conductance cell cover, a diaphragm clamp, and a conductivity meter. The conductance cell housing is in a cylindrical shape with one open end, comprises a first circular conductance electrode piece at the inner surface of the bottom, and a first electrode external interface electrically connected with the first circular conductance electrode piece and on the outer surface. The two electrode external interfaces are used to be connected with the conductivity meter. The conductance cell cover is detachably inserted and fixed to the open end of the conductance cell housing, comprises a second circular conductance electrode piece at the inner surface, and a second electrode external interface electrically connected with the second circular conductance electrode piece and on the outer surface. A vacuum valve port and a liquid injection valve port are arranged on the sidewall of the housing. The diaphragm clamp is an interlocked annular structure, has an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the conductance cell housing, is in parallel with the two conductance electrode pieces and coaxial with the two conductance electrode pieces. The apparatus is simple in structure and easy to operate and can accurately and accurately measure the conductivity and the resistance of the diaphragm.

The invention discloses polyaniline functionalized graphene conductive ink and a preparation method thereof, wherein a polyaniline functionalized graphene material is prepared by carrying out ultrasonic treatment on sulfonated polyaniline and graphene oxide dispersion liquid and then carrying out in-situ reduction; according to the preparation method, a graphene composite material which can be stably dispersed in water is obtained by utilizing pi-pi interaction between polyaniline and graphene and sulfonic acid groups on polyaniline, so that the problem that a graphene lamellar structure is easy to agglomerate is solved. According to the conductive ink, polyaniline functionalized graphene and conductive carbon black are used as conductive fillers, water-based resin is used as a binder, anda mixture of water and low-carbon alcohol is used as a solvent to form a point-surface contact conductive network, so that the conductivity of the conductive ink is improved, and the conductive ink is green, environment-friendly and friendly to environment. Furthermore, after the conductive ink is formed into a film, a conductive film with high conductivity, uniform film formation and strong bending resistance can be obtained, the conductivity is as high as 6.61 S/cm, and the conductive ink is expected to be applied to the field of flexible electronic circuit printing.

The invention discloses a test clamp for conductivity of a proton exchange membrane. The clamp is capable of combining an electrochemical workstation to test the conductivity of the proton exchange membrane by using a four-electrode method. The clamp is formed by upper and lower parts. The upper part is a four-electrode fixing frame, and comprises an upper seat and two voltage electrode fixing plates. The upper seat is opened with a membrane flat window and an observing window. The lower part is a proton exchange membrane support base. The base is provided with an electrode fixing contact column, a membrane flat window, an observing window and a waterproof condensation hole. The proton exchange membrane is installed between the four-electrode fixing plate and the support base to execute the conductivity test. The clamp can be suitable for the test of the low-temperature, intermediate-temperature and high-temperature proton exchange membrane conductivity, and suitable for the conductivity test under the conditions of deionized water and relative humidity atmosphere. The clamp has the advantages of simple design, convenient operation, and high measurement accuracy.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-flux polypyrrole doped polymer conductive ultrafiltration membrane. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a polymer stabilizer and a surfactant are dissolved in an organic solvent; (2) a polymer precursor and a pyrrole monomer are added to the solution obtained in step (1) and stirred; (3) a certain quantity of oxidizing agent is addedto the solution obtained in step (2), and a membrane casting solution is prepared; (4) a flat membrane with thickness being 100-300 mu m is prepared from the membrane casting solution obtained in step (3) by scraping; (5) the flat membrane obtained in step (4) is immersed into deionized water, and the conductive ultrafiltration membrane is obtained by phase inversion. Conductivity of the preparedhigh-flux conductive ultrafiltration membrane is 0.1-5 S/m, pure water flux under pressure of 0.2 MPa is 2740-3660 L/(m2.h), sodium alginate interception rate is 94%, and flux recovery rate after interception is 74%. The membrane can serve as a cathode, and after being powered on, the conductive ultrafiltration membrane has certain anti-pollution capacity.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a Prussian blue-doped cathode film for improving oxygen reduction performance. One of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and polyethersulfoneis mixed with an organic polymer film-forming and pore-forming agent and the solution stands in an N, N-imethylacetamide solution to obtain a homogeneous solution with bubbles removed; polypyrrole, polyaniline and Prussian blue are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8: 1: 1-8: 1: 2 and the mixed material and the homogeneous solution without bubbles removed are mixed evenly for ultrasonic treatment for 30-40min to prepare a conductive film liquid according to the mass ratio (0.3-0.4 g): 1mL; and the stainless steel mesh coated with the conductive film liquid is immersed in the deionized waterto form the film so as to obtain a Prussian blue-doped cathode film. The highest conductivity of the Prussian blue-doped cathode film is 18.4 ms cm-1 which is increased by 86% in comparison with 9.9ms cm-1 of the blank cathode.

The invention provides a heteropolyacid hybrid perfluorosulfonic acid membrane based on organic covalent grafting and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell proton exchange membranes. Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chloromethyl trimethoxy silane are used as raw materials to prepare polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether trimethoxy silane, then a polymer chain is grafted on Keggin type vacancy heteropolyacid, and the polymer chain grafted on the heteropolyacid can interact with a sulfonate radical in a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane to form a hydrogen bond; the heteropoly acid can be stably immobilized in the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through the acting force, so that the heteropoly acid cannot be eluted and leaked by a solvent while the conductivity of the membrane is enhanced, the problem that the heteropoly acid is difficult to be stably immobilized in the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is solved, and the hybrid proton exchange membrane with high stability and high proton conductivity is obtained.

The invention discloses a proton exchange membrane conductivity test bin and a test method. The proton exchange membrane conductivity test bin comprises a bin body and a test fixture, the test fixture comprises a first fixture, a second fixture, a guide rod, a mounting seat and a jacking assembly, the first fixture and the second fixture are both arranged in the bin body, the first fixture is provided with a first reference electrode and a first working electrode, the second clamp is provided with a second reference electrode and a second working electrode, the first reference electrode, the first working electrode, the second reference electrode and the second working electrode are suitable for being connected with an electrochemical workstation, the mounting base penetrates through the bin wall of the bin body, and the guide rod is connected between the first clamp and the mounting base; the second clamp is arranged between the mounting base and the first clamp and assembled on the guide rod in a guiding and sliding mode. The jacking assembly is arranged on the mounting base in a penetrating mode and is adjustable in position in the extending direction of the guide rod. The proton exchange membrane conductivity test bin is high in test precision, and theoretical and data support can be provided for subsequent research, development and production of proton exchange membranes.