The invention discloses a water-based pollution-resistant reflective thermal insulation coating and a preparation method thereof. The coating is prepared from an emulsion, nano-particles, polybenzimidazole, sodium tetraborate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, inorganic nonmetallic compounds, a reflecting material, a filling, a dispersing agent, a flexibilizer, a binder, glycol and deionized water. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly mixing deionized water with the dispersing agent, heating in a warm water bath, sequentially adding the nano-particles, the inorganic nonmetallic compounds and a reflecting pigment, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the emulsion, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, polybenzimidazole and sodium tetraborate, stirring, continuing to add the filling and glycol, finally adding the flexibilizer and the binder, and uniformly stirring. The coating disclosed by the invention has the properties of pollution resistance, high temperature resistance, reflectivity and the like as well as excellent adhesive force and scrubbing resistance, is high in tensile strength and elongation at break, good in decoration effect and low in construction cost and maintenance cost, and scars are unlikely to be formed; and the coating prepared from the environment-friendly raw materials is environmentally friendly and healthy.