The invention relates to a mountain restoration system based on a sponge ecosystem. The mountain restoration system based on the sponge ecosystem is characterized in that the position, away from a slope, of the upper surface of a mountain is provided with a flood intercepting trench; a planting base material bearing body is laid on the slope; the lower end portion of the slope is provided with a flow guiding slope with the gradient being 4%; and the flow guiding slope is adjacently connected with a rainwater treatment unit. The invention further discloses a construction method of the mountainrestoration system based on the sponge ecosystem. The construction method includes the following steps that firstly, the slope is trimmed; secondly, anchoring rod hole planning and lofting are performed; thirdly, an anchoring rod is installed and the anchoring rod is closed; fourthly, a galvanized steel wire net is anchored; fifthly, a spraying pipe and a draining pipe are fixed; sixthly, the slope is moistened; seventhly, a spraying seeding planting base material containing seeds is configured; eighthly, a spraying seeding device is used for spraying the planting base material; and ninthly, aseedling growing device is maintained and managed. The mountain restoration system based on the sponge ecosystem has the beneficial effects of being high in mechanical degree, uniform in spraying, high in earth surface covering speed, low in cost, capable of meeting the requirement of fast making the mountain become green again, easy to popularize and the like.