96results about "Cyanic/isocyanic acid" patented technology

In an embodiment, a method for transferring a pattern constituted by vertical spacers arranged on a template with intervals to the template, includes depositing by plasma-enhanced cyclic deposition a layer as a spacer umbrella layer substantially only on a top surface of each vertical spacer made of silicon or metal oxide, wherein substantially no layer is deposited on sidewalls of the vertical spacers and on an exposed surface of the template, followed by transferring the pattern constituted by the vertical spacers to the template by anisotropic etching using the vertical spacers with the spacer umbrella layers.

The present invention provides methods for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) compounds of the formula:

F—S(O)₂—Z—S(O)₂—F  I

by contacting a nonfluorohalide compound of the formula:

X—S(O)₂—Z—S(O)₂—X

with bismuth trifluoride under conditions sufficient to produce the bis(fluorosulfonyl) compound of Formula I, where Z and X are those defined herein.

In a method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube surface, the nanotube surface is exposed to at least one vapor including at least one functionalization species that non-covalently bonds to the nanotube surface, providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a functionalized nanotube surface. A functionalized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one vapor stabilization species that reacts with the functionalization layer to form a stabilization layer that stabilizes the functionalization layer against desorption from the nanotube surface while providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a stabilized nanotube surface. The stabilized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one material layer precursor species that deposits a material layer on the stabilized nanotube surface.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a layered structure usable in a strain sensor. In one embodiment, the layered structure has a substrate with a first surface and an opposite, second surface defining a body portion therebetween; and a film of carbon nanotubes deposited on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the film of carbon nanotubes is conductive and characterized with an electrical resistance. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are aligned in a preferential direction. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are formed in a yarn such that any mechanical stress increases their electrical response. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymeric scaffold that is attached to the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes are functionalized such that its electrical conductivity is increased.

The invention discloses novel Prussian blue mesocrystals and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of the preparation of inorganic materials. The Prussian blue mesocrystals with novel hierarchical self-assembly structures are prepared by mixing ferrocyanide salt serving as a raw material with inorganic acid at a specific concentration through hydro-thermal treatment. The prepared integral mesomorphous particles are in shapes of scobinate octahedrons, similar octahedrons, similar spheroids and great lake rocks and consist of numerous small-scale crystals, and all the small-scale crystals are nanorods and nanocubes of between 150 and 250 nm. The Prussian blue mesocrystals can be applied in the field of catalysis due to larger specific surface areas and a mass of pore spaces; and the invention has the advantages of novel morphology of product particles, low cost, simple equipment, easy operation and the like.

The invention relates to a magnetically-separable noble metal catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst consists of a magnetic carrier and noble metal nanoparticles, wherein the magnetic carrier is a microsphere with a core-shell structure; the core is made of ferroferric oxide and the shell is made of silicon dioxide; and the noble metal nanoparticles are aurum nanoparticles. The aurum nanoparticles are loaded on the magnetic microsphere by a layer-by-layer self-assembling method, so that the catalyst can be effectively separated out from a solution obtained after reaction through an external magnetic field and can be reused, and the problem that the metal nanoparticles in the conventional noble metal catalytic reaction system are difficult to separate is solved.

The invention discloses prussian blue nano-scale hollow olivary microballoons, and belongs to the technical field of prussian blue materials. A preparation method of the prussian blue nano-scale hollow olivary microballoons comprises the following steps that 1, acrylamide as a monomer, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent, ammonium persulfate as an initiator and ethanol as a solvent are prepared into crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel microballoons by a dispersion polymerization technology; 2, hydrogel microballoon/ethanol suspending liquid is added with a Fe<3+> salt aqueoussolution; 3 the mixed solution obtained by the step 2 is stirred violently for one night so that the crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel microballoons swelled by Fe<3+> deform; 4, a potassium ferrocyanide aqueous solution is added dropwisely into the mixed solution treated by the step 3 to form prussian blue shells; and 5, the solvent is removed so that the prussian blue nano-scale hollow olivarymicroballoons are obtained. The preparation method of the prussian blue nano-scale hollow olivary microballoons has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, good adaptability for large-scale production, and controllability of microballoon sizes. The prussian blue nano-scale hollow olivary microballoons have nano-scale short axis sizes and micron-scale long axis sizes, and can be utilized widely for drug slow release, sensors, electrode materials and the like.

The present invention is a process for the conversion of aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) to aluminum oxide. About 30 to 70 wt-% of AlOOH, about 30 to 70 wt-% ammonium hydrogencarbonate NH₄HCO₃ and 0 to 20 wt-% water are combined to produce a mixture. This mixture is then cured at a temperature from about 30° to about 90° C. to convert at least 5% of the AlOOH to a ammonium hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite-type) intermediate and then the dawsonite-type intermediate is decomposed at a temperature from about 130° to 320° C. to produce aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide can be further calcined at 500° to 800° C. to produce a gamma-theta phase alumina.

The methods are utilized to recover ammonium from waste water using CO₂ acidified absorption water. The process is particularly suited for utilization of cellular matter and a CO₂ rich tail gas from a syngas fermentation process and derives significant benefit from the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. Ammonia and ammonium are recovered from the treatment of the syngas as an ammonium rich solution, at least a portion of which is recycled to the fermentation zone to aid in the production of liquid products. A carbon dioxide rich gas produced by fermentation is used to capture the ammonia and ammonium, forming the ammonium rich solution.

The invention relates to a purification method of hydrocyanic acid. In the method, a purification raw material adopts 1-10% by weight of hydrocyanic acid water solution. The purification method comprises the following steps of: preheating the purification raw material to 40-60 DEG C, then introducing into a rectifying tower, adding a polymerization inhibitor, and performing distillation under the conditions that the tower top pressure is 10-90KPa negative pressure, the tower top temperature is 0-25 DEG C, the tower kettle pressure is 20-95KPa negative pressure, the tower kettle temperature is 60-100 DEG C and the reflux ratio is 3-15 so as to realize refining and purification of the hydrocyanic acid. The whole device comprises a vacuum pump which is connected with a reflux tank for operating and used for maintaining the negative pressure in the tower, and the trace hydrocyanic acid contained in exhaust gas of the vacuum pump is sent to an incinerator for incineration treatment. According to the purification method disclosed by the invention, the pressure difference between the tower top and the tower kettle is reduced, the operation temperature is reduced, the corrosion of all the devices can be avoided or reduced, and the polymerization of the hydrocyanic acid is further eliminated, thus the quality of a hydrocyanic acid product and the yield thereof are further improved; and the purification method has the characteristics that the purification method is more economic, energy-saving, environment-friendly and safer.

The invention discloses a low-water low-defect ferrocyanide manganese potassium Prussian blue cubic crystal and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material synthesis.The invention aims to solve the problems of [Fe (CN) 6] 4-defect and high crystal water of ferrocyanide manganese potassium Prussian blue mateials, and provides the low-water low-defect ferrocyanide manganese potassium Prussian blue cubic crystal. A chemical general formula of the low-water low-defect ferrocyanide manganese potassium Prussian blue cubic crystal is shown in the description, wherein1.9<=x<=2.1, 0<=y<=0.03, 0<=z<=0.2, and a mass content of crystal water is less than 1%. By the adoption of the low-water low-defect ferrocyanide manganese potassium Prussian blue cubic crystal and the preparation method thereof, soluble manganese salt and potassium ferrocyanide are used as raw materials; and by optimizing a complexing agent and the reaction temperature, an excessively fast precipitation reaction speed is effectively reduced, and crystal growth time is prolonged, so that defects and crystal water in the Prussian blue crystal are reduced, and the Prussian blue cubic crystal with high quality and near stoichiometric ratio is obtained.

Catalysts are provided which can catalyze both the oxygen reduction during the discharge of a secondary air battery and the oxygen production in the recharging of the battery and which are stable at a high potential in the recharging. The invention has been accomplished based on the finding that a catalyst including an oxycarbonitride of a specific transition metal selected from, for example, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum can catalyze both the oxygen reduction during the discharge of a secondary air battery and the oxygen production in the recharging of the battery and is also stable at a high potential in the recharging.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity potassium cyanate, which belongs to preparation of the potassium cyanate. The method takes industrial urea and potassium carbonate as raw materials and dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide as a solvent, and adopts proper technological conditions: the reaction temperature is 130 DEG C, the reaction time is 8 hours, the mol ratio of the urea to the potassium carbonate is 3.5 to 1, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the urea is 7 to 1; the product with 96 percent (mass fraction) of the potassium cyanate can be obtained, and the obtained potassium cyanate is washed by adopting anhydrous alcohol as a detergent, wherein the amount of the detergent is 3 to 4 times of the volume of the potassium cyanate; and the potassium cyanate after washing is dried, and the potassium cyanate with the purity of more than 98 percent (mass fraction) can be obtained. The method has the advantages that the technology is simple and easy and the purity of the prepared potassium cyanate is as high as more than 98 percent (mass fraction).

The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing carbon material characterized in that it satisfies a specific relational expression between the number ratio of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms and the number ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms and has peaks in specific regions in the X-ray diffraction and in the laser Raman spectrum. The nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention can be produced by carbonizing azulmic acid in an inert gas atmosphere, and it is useful as an electrode material or the like because it has a high nitrogen content and a low hydrogen content.

The invention has an object of providing catalysts that are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential, have excellent durability and show high oxygen reducing ability. An aspect of the invention is directed to a process wherein metal carbonitride mixture particles or metal oxycarbonitride mixture particles are produced from an organometallic compound of a Group IV or V transition metal, a metal salt of a Group IV or V transition metal, or a mixture of these compounds using laser light as a light source.

Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. A catalyst includes a metal oxycarbonitride containing niobium and at least one metal M selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and nickel.

Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst with high catalytic activity that is alternative to a noble metal catalyst, through a heat treatment at a relatively low temperature. A process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst includes a step (I) of obtaining a catalyst precursor, including a step (Ia) of mixing at least a metal compound (1), a nitrogen-containing organic compound (2), and a fluorine-containing compound (3), and a step (II) of heat-treating the catalyst precursor at a temperature of 500 to 1300° C. to obtain an electrode catalyst, a portion or the entirety of the metal compound (1) being a compound containing an atom of a metal element M1 selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, titanium, niobium and zirconium, and at least one of the compounds (1), (2) and (3) containing an oxygen atom.

The invention discloses a waste water integrated treatment method of paraquat produced by cyanamideprocess, belonging to the technical field of waste water treatment. In the method, complexing agent is used for coordinately separating and recovering paraquat in waste water, a liquid membrane extraction method is used for recovering cyanide ions, double-effect distillation is used for recovering salt in the waste water, an incinerator is used for incinerating residual liquid, etc. The method has good treatment effect, high recovery rate, and can realize recycling usage of paraquat waste water resource of cyanamideprocess technique, lower pollutant in the waste water, reduce environmental pollution and lower the waste water treatment cost for paraquat manufacturing enterprises.

A process for producing an oxygen reducing catalyst including a step of heat-treating, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a catalyst precursor including a compound (i) supplying a carbon element and a nitrogen element by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a compound (ii) containing at least one element of iron and cobalt. Also disclosed is an oxygen reducing catalyst, a fuel cell catalyst layer including the oxygen reducing catalyst, an electrode including the fuel cell catalyst layer, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.

Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. The catalysts include a niobium oxycarbonitride represented by a compositional formula NbC_xN_yO_z (wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of the atoms, 0.05≦x<0.7, 0.01≦y<0.7, 0.4≦z<2.5, 1.0<x+y+z<2.56, and 4.0≦4x+3y+2z).

The invention relates to a dual-tower serially connected rectifying, separating and purifying process of hydrocyanic acid. The process comprises the following steps: feeding materials, rectifying in a first rectification tower, partially condensing, adding a polymerization inhibitor, rectifying in a second rectification tower, partially condensing, refluxing and separating once again. The purification process has the beneficial effects that the rectification towers are prevented from being blocked in the process of preparing hydrocyanic acid, and the operation complexity is reduced; the rectification yield is improved, a high-quality hydrocyanic acid product can be obtained, the product concentration is 99.98 percent, and residues in waste water are 0.001ppm; and the high-quality hydrocyanic acid product can be prepared from high-concentration and low-concentration hydrocyanic acid solutions by means of the process.