122results about "Halide preparation methods" patented technology

A method of treating a coal combustion flue gas, which includes injecting a molecular halogen or thermolabile molecular halogen precursor able to decompose to form molecular halogen at flue gas temperature. The molecular halogen coverts elemental mercury to mercuric halide adsorbable by alkaline solids such as subbituminous or lignite coal ash, alkali fused bituminous coal ash capturable in whole or part by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), baghouses (BHs), fabric filters (FFs), dry flue gas desulphurization solids, with or without subsequent adsorption by a liquid such as a flue gas desulphurization scrubbing liquor.

The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

The present invention provides methods for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) compounds of the formula:

F—S(O)₂—Z—S(O)₂—F  I

by contacting a nonfluorohalide compound of the formula:

X—S(O)₂—Z—S(O)₂—X

with bismuth trifluoride under conditions sufficient to produce the bis(fluorosulfonyl) compound of Formula I, where Z and X are those defined herein.

Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. The positive active material includes at least one compound represented by formulas 1 to 4 andl a metal oxide or composite metal oxide layer formed on the compound. <table-cwu id="TABLE-US-00001"> <number>1</number> <tgroup align="left" colsep="0" rowsep="0" cols="3"> <colspec colname="OFFSET" colwidth="42PT" align="left"/> <colspec colname="1" colwidth="77PT" align="left"/> <colspec colname="2" colwidth="98PT" align="center"/> <row> <entry></entry> <entry></entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="2" align="center" rowsep="1"></entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry>LixNi1-yMnyF2</entry> <entry>(1)</entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry>LixNi1-yMnyS2</entry> <entry>(2)</entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry>LixNi1-y-zMnyMzO2-aFa</entry> <entry>(3)</entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry>LixNi1-y-zMnyMzO2-aSa</entry> <entry>(4)</entry> </row> <row> <entry></entry> <entry namest="OFFSET" nameend="2" align="center" rowsep="1"></entry> </row> </tgroup> </table-cwu> (where M is selected from the group consisting of Co, Mg, Fe, Sr, Ti, B, Si, Ga, Al, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, IPu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No and Lr, 0.95<=x<=1.1, 0<=y<=0.99, 0<=,z<=0.5, and 0<=a<=0.5)

The present invention provides a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which has a large volume capacity density and high safety, and excellent durability for charge and discharge cycles and charge and discharge rate property, and its production method.

The lithium-containing composite oxide is represented by the general formula Li_pN_xM_yO_zF_a (where N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Co, Mn and Ni, 0.9≦p≦1.2, 0.965≦x<2.00, 0<y≦0.035, 1.9≦z≦4.2, and 0≦a≦0.05), wherein when a powder of the lithium-containing composite oxide is classified into small particles with an average particle size of 2 μm≦Ds₅₀≦8 μm and large particles with an average particle size of 10 μm≦Dl₅₀≦25 μm, a content of the small particles is from 15 to 40% by weight and a content of the large particles is from 60 to 85% by weight, and 0.01≦ys≦0.06, 0≦yl≦0.02 and 0≦yl/ys<1, where (ys) is a ratio of the M element in the above general formula in the small particles and (yl) is a ratio of the M element in the general formula in the Large particles.

The present invention provides a vibration measurement method and apparatus capable of accurately measuring displacement even if the displacement is very small. The vibration measurement method according to the present invention comprises: a laser beam application step (step S1) for applying a laser beam of a first wavelength to an object to be measured; a beat wave generation step (step S2) for mixing a laser beam of a second wavelength which is different from the first wavelength and the return beam reflected from the object to be measured; and a vibration information output step (step S3) for outputting the beat wave thus generated as a vibration information of the object to be measured.

The present invention discloses a process for producing nano-powders and powders of nano-particle loose aggregate, which includes: (a) providing at least two reactant solutions A and B capable of rapidly reacting to form deposits; (b) supplying the at least two reactant solutions A and B at least at the reaction temperature into a mixing and reaction precipitator respectively, in which mixing reaction and precipitation are continuously carried out in sequence, the mixing and reaction precipitator being selected from at least one of a tubular ejection mixing reactor, a tubular static mixing reactor and an atomization mixing reactor; and (c) treating the deposit-containing slurry continuously discharged from the mixing reaction precipitator.

A positive-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure contains a layered lithium(Li)-containing transition metal composite oxide that contains Li in the transition metal layer and more than 0.4 μmol/g and less than 25 μmol/g of iodine (I) or bromine (Br).

A method for regenerating a used halide fluid comprising a density greater than 9.0 lbs/gal. and containing both soluble and insoluble impurities. This method comprises the steps of (1) adding acid to the used halide fluid so that the pH is within a range of approximately 0 to 10.0; (2) contacting the used halide fluid with halogen to increase the density to at least 10.0 lbs./gal., adjust the desired true crystallization temperature of the fluid and oxidize soluble impurities; (3) adding a reducing agent while maintaining the temperature at a minimum of 10.degree. C.; (4) contacting the fluid with an alkali to neutralize excess acid; and (5) separating any suspended solid impurities from the fluid.

The instant invention provides methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer.

Disclosed is a clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides (LDHs), in which hydroxides of different metals are used as starting materials for production of LDHs by atom-economical reactions. The atom efficiency of the reaction is 100% in each case because all the atoms of the reactants are converted into the target product since only M²⁺(OH)₂, M³⁺(OH)₃, and CO₂ or H_nAⁿ⁻ are used, without any NaOH or other materials. Since there is no by-product, filtration or washing process is unnecessary. The consequent reduction in water consumption is also beneficial to the environment.

When high purity silicon is produced through a gas-phase reaction between silicon tetra-chloride and zinc in a reaction furnace, the produce silicon is obtained as block or molten state. after the reaction in which the silicon is not in contact with air and reaction temperature is maintained at melting point of the silicon or less.

There is obtained a material of a positive electrode for a secondary lithium-ion cell having high cycle durability and high safety in high-voltage and high-capacity applications, which is a particulate positive electrode active material for a secondary lithium-ion cell represented by a general formula, Li_aCO_bA_cB_dO_eF_f (A is Al or Mg, B is a group-IV transition element, 0.90≦a≦1.10, 0.97≦b≦1.00, 0.0001≦c≦0.03, 0.0001≦d≦0.03, 1.98≦e≦2.02, 0≦f≦0.02, and 0.0001≦c+d≦0.03), where element A, element B and fluorine are evenly present in the vicinity of the particle surfaces.

In the method for growing large-volume monocrystals crystal raw material is heated in a melting vessel with heating elements to a temperature above its melting point until a melt is formed. A monocrystal is then formed on the bottom of the melting vessel by lowering the temperature at least to the crystallization point. A solid/liquid phase boundary is formed between the monocrystal and the melt. The monocrystal grows towards the melt surface in a direction that is perpendicular to the phase boundary. A vertical axial temperature gradient is produced and maintained between the bottom of the melting vessel and its upper opening and heat inflow and/or heat outflow through side walls of the melting vessel is prevented, so that the solid/liquid phase boundary has a curvature radius of at least one meter. A crystal-growing device for performing this process is also described.

A method for producing halide brine wherein an alkali and a reducing agent are added to an aqueous fluid having a density greater than 8.30 lb/gal., (0.996 kg/L) water, waste water or sea water for example. The resulting fluid is then contacted with a halogen to form a halide brine. The reaction occurs in a conventional reactor such as a mixing tank.

Process to recover ruthenium in the form of ruthenium halide, particularly ruthenium chloride, from a ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material comprising:

• a) chemically decomposing the ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material;
• b) producing a raw ruthenium salt solution;
• c) purifying the raw ruthenium salt solution and optionally stripping gaseous ruthenium tetroxide from the raw ruthenium salt solution; and
• d) treating the purified ruthenium compound obtained in c), particularly the ruthenium tetroxide, with hydrogen halide or hydrohalic acid to obtain ruthenium halide, particularly with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid to obtain ruthenium chloride.

A cathode active material for a secondary battery including a lithium-manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure and represented by the following general formula (I), Li_a(M_xMn_2-x-y-zY_yA_z)(O_4-wZ_w) (I), wherein 0.5≦x≦1.2, 0≦y, 0≦z, x+y+z<2, 0≦a≦1.2 and 0≦w≦1; M contains at least Co and may further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Cr and Cu; Y is at least one element selected lo from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K and Ca; A is at least one of Ti and Si; and Z is at least one of F and Cl. When the cathode active material for the secondary battery is used as the cathode for the a secondary battery, a higher operating can be realized while suppressing the reliability reduction such as the capacity decrease after the cycles and the deterioration of the crystalline structure at a higher temperature.