Composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of bare rock wall based on capillary water guide system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and discloses an exposed rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system, which comprises a triangular basin-shaped steel reinforcement framework anchored on a rock wall, an inner side HDPE plate, an outer side HDPE plate, an EVA soft plate, a polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer and a gravel water storage bin, steel bars are anchored on a rock slope to form a basin-shaped device framework, an HDPE plate and a polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer are arranged on the framework to form a triangular basin-shaped device anchored on a rock wall, and a water storage bin, nutrient soil and planting vegetation are arranged in the device, so that the purpose of slope greening is achieved. In addition, the device provides soil and moisture guarantee conditions for growth of vegetation, overcomes the defects of slow greening effect, heavy device mass and difficult lasting greening effect due to large-scale use of earth-rock engineering in a conventional greening technology, guarantees nutrition supply of the vegetation through soil and a water storage bin in the device, and improves the vegetation quality. And rapid and lasting regreening of the bare rock slope can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, in particular to a bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Slope ecological restoration refers to the use of principles and technologies of ecology, engineering, soil science and other disciplines to govern and restore ecological problems such as bare slope, soil erosion, and vegetation destruction caused by natural factors or human activities, so as to restore the ecological function, stability and landscape value of the slope. The core goal is not only to prevent water and soil loss, landslides and other geological disasters, but more importantly, to rebuild the ecological system of the slope and achieve ecological balance.

[0003] In the field of green covering of rock slope, the traditional technology mainly uses planting trough to store soil and plant vegetation, but has the following significant defects:

[0004] 1. Poor structural stability: The main material is cement reinforced steel, with large overall weight (single square meter weight can reach more than 500 kg), increasing the load of the slope, which is not conducive to long-term stability, and is prone to falling under the action of external forces such as earthquakes and strong winds.

[0005] 2. Lack of water management: There is no special water storage and drainage system, which can easily cause root rot in plants during the rainy season, and cause vegetation to die of drought in the dry season due to rapid water loss, requiring frequent manual watering (at least 3 times a month), resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0006] 3. Insufficient temperature and humidity control: Lack of thermal insulation layer, the temperature in the device can reach more than 50℃ at noon in summer, far exceeding the tolerance limit of plants, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings.

[0007] 4. Safety hazards: The device has high rigidity and low flexibility, and is prone to cracking under the action of temperature change and rock mass deformation, with high risk of falling debris, posing a safety threat to the road or facilities below.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present application develops a composite anchoring device integrating water storage and guide, heat preservation and insulation, and lightweight design, which realizes intelligent control of water through a capillary water guide system, and reduces the structural self-weight by using eco-friendly materials, significantly improving the survival rate of plants and the service life of the device. SUMMARY

[0009] (I) Technical problems solved

[0010] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system, which has the advantages of stable structure, light self-weight, strong water storage and guide capacity, good heat preservation and insulation effect, high plant survival rate, and long-lasting re-greening effect, and solves the problems of device weight affecting slope stability, no water storage and drainage measures to guarantee water supply for vegetation, and no insulation layer leading to low plant survival rate in summer in the prior art.

[0011] (II) Technical solution

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system, which comprises a triangular basin-shaped steel framework anchored to a rock wall, an inner HDPE plate, an outer HDPE plate, an EVA soft plate, a polyurethane foaming insulation layer, a gravel water storage bin, and a water guide fiber bundle, an anchor hole is drilled on the bare rock wall, the anchor hole is filled with cement mortar for anchoring vertical steel bars, the entire anchoring device is composed of not less than 8 vertical steel bars, three horizontal anchor bars are welded from top to bottom on the inner side of the vertical steel bars for fixing and connecting each vertical steel bar, an inner HDPE plate is laid on the inner side of the triangular basin-shaped steel framework composed of the vertical steel bars and the horizontal anchor bars, an outer HDPE plate is laid on the outer side of the triangular basin-shaped steel framework, a polyurethane foaming insulation layer is filled between the two HDPE plates, the EVA soft plate, the graded gravel, the capillary water guide fiber bundle, the non-woven fabric, and the nutrient soil are laid from bottom to top on the bottom of the triangular basin-shaped steel framework, and vegetation is planted, and concrete is sprayed outside the outer HDPE plate of the device for stabilizing the device and preventing the device from cracking and deforming.

[0013] Preferably, the anchor hole has a hole diameter of 40mm, a hole depth of 300mm-400mm, and a hole distance of 200mm, and the anchor hole direction is perpendicular to the ground and forms an angle of 15°-30° with the rock wall to improve the anchoring force;

[0014] The vertical steel bars are arranged in the anchor hole, and the anchor hole and the vertical steel bars are filled and fixed with M10 cement mortar, the entire device is composed of 8-12 vertical steel bars to form a triangular basin-shaped steel framework, the tip is located at the bottom and gradually expands upward in space, the vertical steel bars are connected by three horizontal anchor bars welded above and below to form a stable triangular stress structure.

[0015] Preferably, the vertical steel bars and the horizontal anchor bars are both HRB400 threaded steel with a diameter of 18mm, the length of the vertical steel bars is adjusted within the range of 1.5m-2.5m according to the slope of the rock wall, and the length of the horizontal anchor bars is adapted to the width of the framework.

[0016] Preferably, the inner HDPE plate is selected from a food-grade plate with a thickness of 1 mm, the surface is plated with a 0.1 mm thick anti-permeation film, the left and right ends of the plate are reserved with 30 cm folded edges at the contact position with the rock wall, and the folded edges are fixed on the rock wall by M8 expansion bolts (with a spacing of 50 cm), and the inside of the folded edges is sealed by applying butyl waterproof glue.

[0017] The outer HDPE plate is selected from an ultraviolet-resistant plate with a thickness of 2 mm, the surface is provided with a rhombic concave-convex texture with a depth of 3 mm, the texture interval is 5 cm, and the texture is fixed by stainless steel straps (with a spacing of 30 cm) and the steel reinforcement framework.

[0018] Preferably, the polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer is selected from a flame-retardant material with a density of 40 kg / m 3 - 50 kg / m 3 , and the filling thickness is 20 mm. During the foaming process, the inner and outer HDPE plates need to be completely attached without air bubbles and cavities.

[0019] Preferably, the triangular basin-shaped steel reinforcement framework is laid with an EVA soft plate with a thickness of 5 mm at the bottom tip, which is made of a food-grade material with a Shore hardness of 60°, and the side close to the rock wall is reserved with a 10 cm folded edge and is hot melt welded with the inner HDPE plate, and the joint is coated with polyurethane sealant.

[0020] Preferably, the EVA soft plate is layered with 5 mm-10 mm and 10 mm-20 mm graded gravel above, forming a double-layer gradient filtration layer (the lower layer of 10 mm-20 mm gravel is 200 mm thick, and the upper layer of 5 mm-10 mm gravel is 100 mm thick), and the overall gravel layer is 300 mm thick. The graded gravel is covered with 200 g / ㎡ polyester non-woven fabric, the edges of the non-woven fabric are folded upward by 10 cm and are fixed with steel nails.

[0021] Preferably, the capillary water guide fiber bundle is made of polypropylene (pp) material, which is composed of 72 fiber filaments with a diameter of 0.1 mm, and is covered with a 0.5 mm thick polyethylene protective sleeve with a diameter of 8-12 mm. The entire device is provided with 6-8 bundles, which are distributed in a radial manner, the lower end is buried in the graded gravel layer by 20 cm, and the upper end extends to 5 cm below the surface layer of the nutrient soil.

[0022] Preferably, the sprayed concrete is selected from 42.5R portland cement, which is mixed with 0.2%-0.5% of 6 mm long basalt chopped fibers by mass fraction, and the C20 concrete mix ratio (water-cement ratio 0.45) is used for two-time spraying (the first spraying is 30 mm-40 mm, and the second spraying is 20 mm-40 mm after 24 h of maintenance), and the surface is roughened (roughness 5 mm).

[0023] The nutrient soil is mixed by mountain skin soil (60%), rotten organic fertilizer (20%), river sand (10%), perlite (5%), water retaining agent (3%), slow-release fertilizer (2%), pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, organic matter content is greater than or equal to 5%, the filling height is 1.3m-1.5m, 5cm sinking amount is reserved, and 2cm thick coarse sand (particle size 2mm-5mm) is laid on the surface to preserve soil moisture.

[0024] Preferably, the vegetation adopts a three-dimensional configuration of "climbing type + shrub type + herb type", Parthenocissus tricuspidata (3 plants / m 2 ) is planted near the rock wall side, soft body forsythia (2 plants / m 2 ) is planted outside the device, Amorpha fruticosa (1 plant / m 2 ) and tall fescue (seeding amount 20g / m 2 ) are planted inside, and all the varieties are local original resistance varieties.

[0025] (III) beneficial effects

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system, which has the following beneficial effects: a basin-shaped device framework is formed by anchoring steel bars on a rock slope, an HDPE plate and a polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer are arranged on the framework to form a triangular basin-shaped device anchored on the rock wall, a water storage bin and nutrient soil are arranged in the device, and vegetation is planted, so that the purpose of slope greening is achieved. In addition, the device provides soil and water guarantee conditions for the growth of vegetation, overcomes the shortcomings of conventional greening techniques, such as large-scale use of earthwork engineering, slow greening effect, heavy device quality, and difficult to maintain the effect of re-greening, and ensures the nutrition supply of vegetation through the soil and water storage bin in the device, so that rapid and persistent re-greening of bare rock slopes can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on the capillary water guide system proposed in the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on the capillary water guide system proposed in the present application Figure 1 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of structure A in the device;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a front view of the steel bar anchoring in the bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on the capillary water guide system proposed in the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the steel bar anchoring in the bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on the capillary water guide system proposed in the present application.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Anchor hole; 2. Cement mortar; 3. Vertical steel bars; 4. Horizontal steel bars; 5. Inner HDPE sheet; 6. Outer HDPE sheet; 7. Polyurethane foam insulation layer; 8. EVA soft board; 9. Graded gravel; 10. Capillary water-conducting fiber bundle; 11. Non-woven fabric; 12. Sprayed concrete; 13. Nutrient soil; 14. Vegetation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example:

[0034] Refer to the attached Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system includes a triangular basin-shaped steel frame anchored to the rock wall, an inner HDPE sheet 5, an outer HDPE sheet 6, an EVA soft board 8, a polyurethane foam insulation layer 7, a gravel water storage tank 9, and a water-conducting fiber bundle 10. An anchor hole 1 is drilled on the exposed rock wall, and the anchor hole 1 is filled with cement mortar 2 for anchoring vertical steel bars 3. The entire anchoring device consists of no less than 8 vertical steel bars 3. Three transverse anchor bars 4 are welded from top to bottom on the inner side of the vertical steel bars 3 to fix and connect each vertical steel bar. Steel bars 3, a layer of inner HDPE sheet 5 is laid on the inner side of the triangular basin-shaped steel frame composed of vertical steel bars 3 and transverse anchor bars 4, a layer of outer HDPE sheet 6 is laid on the outer side of the triangular basin-shaped steel frame, a polyurethane foam insulation layer 7 is filled between the two layers of HDPE sheets, and EVA soft board 8, graded gravel 9, capillary water-conducting fiber bundle 10, non-woven fabric 11, nutrient soil 13, and vegetation 14 are laid on the bottom of the triangular basin-shaped steel frame from bottom to top, and concrete 12 is sprayed on the outside of the HDPE sheet 6 to stabilize the device and prevent the device from cracking and deformation.

[0035] Furthermore, the diameter of the anchor hole 1 is 40mm, the hole depth is between 300mm-400mm, the hole spacing is 200mm, the direction of the anchor hole 1 is perpendicular to the ground and forms an angle of 15°-30° with the rock wall to enhance the anchoring force; vertical steel bars 3 are arranged in the anchor hole 1, and the anchor hole 1 and the vertical steel bars are filled and fixed with M10 cement mortar 2. The entire device is composed of 8-12 vertical steel bars 3 to form a triangular basin-shaped steel bar skeleton, with the tip located at the bottom and the space gradually expanding upward. The vertical steel bars are connected by welding three upper and lower transverse anchor bars 4 to form a stable triangular force-bearing structure.

[0036] Further, the vertical steel bars 3 and the transverse anchor bars 4 are both HRB400 threaded steel with a diameter of 18 mm. The length of the vertical steel bars 3 is adjusted according to the slope of the rock wall in the range of 1.5 m-2.5 m, and the length of the transverse anchor bars is adapted to the width of the framework. The inner HDPE plate 5 is selected from food-grade plate with a thickness of 1 mm, and the surface is plated with a 0.1 mm thick anti-seepage film. The left and right ends of the plate are reserved with 30 cm folded edges at the contact position with the rock wall, and are fixed on the rock wall by M8 expansion bolts (with a spacing of 50 cm). The inside of the folded edge is sealed by applying butyl waterproof glue. The outer HDPE plate 6 is selected from anti-ultraviolet plate with a thickness of 2 mm, and the surface is provided with a diamond concave-convex texture with a depth of 3 mm and a texture spacing of 5 cm. The texture is fixed by stainless steel straps (with a spacing of 30 cm) and the steel bar framework.

[0037] Further, the polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer 7 is selected from flame-retardant material with a density of 40 kg / m 3 -50 kg / m 3 , and the filling thickness is 20 mm. During the foaming process, it needs to be ensured that the inner and outer HDPE plates are completely attached without air bubbles and cavities. The bottom tip of the triangular basin-shaped steel framework is laid with an EVA soft plate 8 with a thickness of 5 mm, which is made of food-grade material with a Shore hardness of 60°. The side close to the rock wall is reserved with a 10 cm folded edge and is hot melt welded with the inner HDPE plate 5. The joint is coated with polyurethane sealant. The EVA soft plate 8 is layered with graded gravel 9 with a thickness of 5 mm-10 mm and 10 mm-20 mm, respectively, to form a double-layer gradient filtration layer (the lower layer of 10 mm-20 mm gravel with a thickness of 200 mm, and the upper layer of 5 mm-10 mm gravel with a thickness of 100 mm). The overall gravel layer has a thickness of 300 mm. The graded gravel 9 is covered with 200 g / m2 of polyester non-woven fabric 11. The edges of the non-woven fabric 11 are folded upward by 10 cm and are fixed by steel nails.

[0038] Further, the capillary water guide fiber bundle 10 is made of polypropylene (PP) material, composed of 72 fiber filaments with a diameter of 0.1 mm, covered with a 0.5 mm thick polyethylene protective sleeve, with a diameter of 8-12 mm. The entire device is set up with 6-8 bundles, distributed in a radial pattern, with the lower end buried in the graded gravel 9 layer 20 cm, and the upper end extending 5 cm below the surface layer of the nutrient soil 13. The sprayed concrete 12 is made of 42.5R Portland cement, with 0.2%-0.5% by mass of 6 mm long basalt chopped fibers mixed in, using C20 concrete mix ratio (water-cement ratio 0.45), sprayed in two times (first spray 30-40 mm, spray 20-40 mm after 24 hours of curing), surface roughening treatment (roughness 5 mm). The nutrient soil 13 is made of mountain soil (60%), mature organic fertilizer (20%), river sand (10%), perlite (5%), water retaining agent (3%), slow-release fertilizer (2%), with pH value adjusted to 6.5-7.5, organic matter content ≥5%, filled to a height of 1.3-1.5 m, with a reserved 5 cm sinking amount, and a 2 cm thick coarse sand (particle size 2-5 mm) is laid on the surface to conserve moisture. The vegetation 14 adopts a "climbing type + shrub type + herbaceous type" three-dimensional configuration, with threeammonia (3 plants / m 2 ) planted near the rock wall side, soft body forsythia (2 plants / m 2 ) planted on the outside of the device, and purple falseindigo (1 plant / m 2 ) and tall fescue (seeding amount 20 g / m 2 ) planted inside, all varieties being local native stress-resistant varieties.

[0039] A bare rock wall ecological restoration composite anchoring device based on a capillary water guide system, the core structure comprising:

[0040] An anchoring system: a triangular basin-shaped framework composed of anchor holes 1, cement mortar 2, vertical steel bars 3, and horizontal anchor bars 4, forming a monolithic force structure with the rock wall through multi-point anchoring.

[0041] A protective and thermal insulation system: inner HDPE board 5, outer HDPE board 6, and intermediate polyurethane foam insulation layer 7, forming a composite protective layer that is waterproof, heat-insulating, and impact-resistant.

[0042] A water storage and guide system: EVA soft board 8 and graded gravel 9 constitute a water storage warehouse, and the water guide fiber bundle 10 realizes directional water transmission through capillary action.

[0043] A planting system: non-woven fabric 11 and nutrient soil 13 provide growth substrate for vegetation 14, and sprayed concrete 12 enhances the overall stability of the device.

[0044] Construction preparation

[0045] Slope treatment: remove loose rocks on the slope, use geological radar to detect the integrity of the rock mass, and pre-reinforce the loose area with anchor rods (φ22mm anchor rod, spacing 1.5m x 1.5m).

[0046] Equipment setup: according to the height of the slope, set up double-row scaffolding (height ≤20m) or use electric hoist (height >20m), the vertical rod spacing of the scaffolding is 1.2m, the horizontal rod step is 1.5m, and diagonal support is set up to enhance stability.

[0047] Construction steps

[0048] Anchor hole construction:

[0049] 1. Mark the points at 200mm intervals, use a pneumatic rock drill (power 2.2kW) to drill φ40mm anchor holes, hole depth 300mm-400mm, drilling direction at 20° angle with the rock wall.

[0050] 2. After drilling, clean the hole with high-pressure air (0.6MPa) to ensure that the hole wall is clean and free of debris.

[0051] Steel reinforcement installation:

[0052] 1. Implant φ18mm HRB400 vertical reinforcement (length 2m), anchor with M10 cement mortar (water-cement ratio 0.4), grouting pressure 0.3MPa, ensure that the mortar is full.

[0053] 2. After the mortar strength reaches 70% (about 7 days), weld three φ18mm horizontal anchor bars to form a triangular basin-shaped framework, double-sided welding is used for welding, and the weld length is 10d (d is the diameter of the steel bar).

[0054] Protection layer construction:

[0055] 1. Lay 1mm thick HDPE board (coated with anti-seepage film) on the inside, fold the edge 30cm to fit the rock wall, fix with M8 expansion bolts (torque 30N·m), and hot melt weld at the joint (temperature 180℃).

[0056] 2. Lay 2mm thick HDPE board (with concave and convex texture) on the outside, tie it with the steel reinforcement framework with stainless steel ties (tension 5kN).

[0057] 3. Use a high-pressure foaming machine to fill polyurethane (foaming ratio 30 times) between the two layers of board, ensure uniform filling density, and cut off the excess part after 24 hours.

[0058] Water storage and water diversion system installation:

[0059] 1. Lay 5mm thick EVA soft board at the bottom, fold the edge 10cm to weld with the inside HDPE board, and brush sealant at the joint.

[0060] 2. Layered paving of graded gravel (10mm-20mm for the lower layer and 5mm-10mm for the upper layer), each layer is compacted (compaction degree ≥ 90%), total thickness 300mm.

[0061] 3. Implantation of 6 bundles of water-conducting fibers (φ10mm), distributed at an angle of 30°, with the lower end buried in the gravel layer 20cm and the upper end reserved to the nutrient soil layer.

[0062] Planting system construction:

[0063] 1. Covering with 200g / m2 non-woven fabric, turning up the edges 10cm for fixation, filling with nutrient soil (layered compaction, each layer 30cm), and laying 2cm coarse sand on the surface.

[0064] 2. Spraying C20 shotcrete (mixed with 0.3% basalt fiber) in two times, first spraying 30mm, and then spraying 20mm after 1 day of curing, surface roughening treatment.

[0065] Vegetation planting:

[0066] 1. Planting Parthenocissus tricuspidata (3 plants / m 2 ), soft body forsythia (2 plants / m 2 ), Amorpha fruticosa (1 plant / m 2 ), and sowing tall fescue (20g / m 2 ) according to the designed density.

[0067] 2. Immediately after planting, pour root-fixing water (amount 10L / m 2 ), and use drip irrigation system for maintenance (watering once a week for the first 3 months).

[0068] Quality control points

[0069] 1. Deviation of anchor hole perpendicularity ≤ 5°, and the strength of steel bar welding meets the requirements of GB50205-2020.

[0070] 2. HDPE plate material welding joint pressure detection (0.2MPa, 30min without pressure drop).

[0071] 3. Thermal conductivity of polyurethane insulation layer ≤ 0.025W / (m·K), water absorption rate ≤ 3%.

[0072] 4. The organic matter content and pH value of nutrient soil need to be tested and qualified by the laboratory before use.

[0073] It is to be understood that the terminology "including", "comprising", or other derivatives from the term "contain" are inclusive and that, in addition to the stated combinations, other combinations are also contemplated. It is to be further understood that the term "comprising" or "comprises" does not exclude other elements being present in addition to those listed. It is to be further understood that the term "including" or "includes" does not exclude other elements being present in addition to those listed.

[0074] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the details of the embodiments described, since the scope of the application is defined with respect to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system, comprising a triangular basin-shaped steel frame anchored to the rock wall, an inner HDPE sheet (5), an outer HDPE sheet (6), an EVA soft board (8), a polyurethane foam insulation layer (7), a gravel water storage bin (9), and a water-conducting fiber bundle (10), characterized in that: Anchor holes (1) are drilled on an exposed rock wall. Cement mortar (2) is filled in the anchor holes (1) for anchoring vertical steel bars (3). The entire anchoring device is composed of no less than 8 vertical steel bars (3). Three transverse anchor bars (4) are welded from top to bottom on the inner side of the vertical steel bars (3) for fixing and connecting the vertical steel bars (3). A layer of inner HDPE sheet (5) is laid on the inner side of the triangular basin-shaped steel bar skeleton composed of the vertical steel bars (3) and the transverse anchor bars (4). A layer of outer HDPE sheet (6) is laid on the outside of the basin-shaped steel frame, a polyurethane foam insulation layer (7) is filled between the two layers of HDPE sheet, and EVA soft board (8), graded crushed stone (9), capillary water-conducting fiber bundle (10), non-woven fabric (11), nutrient soil (13), and vegetation (14) are laid on the bottom of the triangular basin-shaped steel frame from bottom to top. Concrete (12) is sprayed outside the HDPE sheet (6) on the outside of the device to stabilize the device and prevent the device from cracking and deformation.

2. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor hole (1) has a diameter of 40 mm, a hole depth between 300 mm and 400 mm, a hole spacing of 200 mm, and a direction of the anchor hole (1) perpendicular to the ground and forming an angle of 15° to 30° with the rock wall to enhance the anchoring force; A vertical steel bar (3) is arranged in the anchor hole (1), and the space between the anchor hole (1) and the vertical steel bar is filled and fixed with M10 cement mortar (2). The entire device is composed of 8-12 vertical steel bars (3) to form a triangular basin-shaped steel bar skeleton, with the tip located at the bottom and the space gradually expanding upward. The vertical steel bars are connected by welding three upper and lower transverse anchor bars (4) to form a stable triangular force-bearing structure.

3. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical steel bars (3) and transverse anchor bars (4) are both HRB400 threaded steel bars with a diameter of 18 mm. The length of the vertical steel bars (3) is adjusted within the range of 1.5 m to 2.5 m according to the slope of the rock wall, and the length of the transverse anchor bars is adapted to the width of the skeleton.

4. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner HDPE sheet (5) is a food-grade sheet with a thickness of 1 mm, and is coated with a 0.1 mm thick anti-seepage film on the surface. 30 cm folding edges are reserved at the left and right ends of the sheet where it contacts the rock wall, and is fixed to the rock wall by M8 expansion bolts (spacing 50 cm). Butyl waterproof glue is applied to the inner side of the folding edge for sealing; The outer HDPE sheet (6) is a 2mm thick UV-resistant sheet with a surface having a 3mm deep diamond-shaped concave-convex texture and a texture spacing of 5cm. The sheet is fixed to the steel frame by stainless steel tie bands (spacing 30cm).

5. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane foam insulation layer (7) has a density of 40 kg / m 3 -50kg / m 3 Flame-retardant material with a filling thickness of 20mm. During the foaming process, it must be ensured that it is completely fitted with the inner and outer layers of HDPE sheets without bubbles or voids.

6. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom tip of the triangular basin-shaped steel frame is paved with a 5mm thick EVA soft board (8), which is a food-grade material with a Shore hardness of 60°. A 10cm folding edge is reserved on the side close to the rock wall and is hot-melt welded to the inner HDPE board (5). Polyurethane sealant is applied to the joint.

7. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The EVA soft board (8) is filled with 5mm-10mm and 10mm-20mm graded gravel (9) in layers to form a double-layer gradient filter layer (the lower layer of 10mm-20mm gravel is 200mm thick, and the upper layer of 5mm-10mm gravel is 100mm thick). The thickness of the entire gravel layer is 300mm. The graded gravel (9) is covered with 200g / ㎡ polyester non-woven fabric (11). The edge of the non-woven fabric (11) is folded upward by 10cm and fixed with steel nails.

8. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capillary water-conducting fiber bundle (10) is made of polypropylene (PP) and consists of 72 fiber filaments with a diameter of 0.1 mm, covered with a 0.5 mm thick polyethylene protective sleeve with a diameter of 8-12 mm. The entire device is provided with 6-8 bundles, which are radially distributed. The lower end is buried 20 cm in the graded gravel (9) layer, and the upper end extends to 5 cm below the surface of the nutrient soil (13).

9. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprayed concrete (12) is made of 42.5R Portland cement, mixed with 6mm long basalt short-cut fibers at a mass fraction of 0.2%-0.5%, and adopts a C20 concrete mix ratio (water-cement ratio of 0.45). It is sprayed twice (the first spray is 30mm-40mm, and the second spray is 20mm-40mm after curing for 24 hours), and the surface is roughened (roughness 5mm); The nutrient soil (13) is mixed with mountain soil (60%), decomposed organic fertilizer (20%), river sand (10%), perlite (5%), water retaining agent (3%), and slow-release fertilizer (2%), with a pH value adjusted to 6.5-7.5, an organic matter content of ≥5%, a filling height of 1.3m-1.5m, a 5cm sinking allowance reserved, and a 2cm thick coarse sand (particle size 2mm-5mm) paved on the surface for moisture retention.

10. The composite anchoring device for ecological restoration of exposed rock walls based on a capillary water conduction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation (14) adopts a three-dimensional configuration of "climbing type + shrub type + herb type", and creepers (3 plants / m) are planted near the rock wall. 2 ), and soft forsythia was planted outside the device (2 plants / m 2 ), planted inside with Amorpha fruticosa (1 plant / m 2 ) and tall fescue (seeding rate 20g / m 2 ), all varieties are local native and stress-resistant varieties.

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