The invention relates to the technical field of air purification treatment and discloses an air purification and dust removal device. The device comprises a casing and a dust collecting hopper, wherein a residue discharging pipe is arranged at the lower end of the dust collecting hopper, a residue discharging valve is arranged on the residue discharging pipe, a base plate is arranged in the casingand divides a space in the casing into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, an exhaust pipe is arranged on the side surface of the upper end of the casing, an air inlet pipe is arranged on the side surface of the lower end of the casing, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the base plate, the upper ends of filter bags are open, the lower ends of the filter bags are closed, the open endsof the filter bags are communicated with the positioning holes, a distributor is arranged in the casing and located below the filter bags, a vertical guide pipe is arranged in the center of each filter bag, the lower ends of the guide pipes are fixedly connected with the distributor, exhaust holes are formed in the side surface of each guide pipe, a high-pressure air pipe is arranged on the outerside of the casing, the inner end of the high-pressure air pipe is connected with the distributor, and an electrical control valve is arranged on the high-pressure air pipe. Dust in the air can be effectively removed, the air quality is effectively improved, the filter bags are automatically cleaned regularly, and the manual clearing cost is saved.