387 results about "Bottom water" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir energy development, and discloses a three-dimensional injection and production well pattern construction method based on a multi-objective algorithm. The problem that the delimited potential area is difficult to effectively use due to the fact that existing potential evaluation is only based on a single index is effectively solved. Comprising the steps that a fault inner core, a fault outer core, a fracture development dense zone and a secondary fracture zone are proposed; carrying out inter-well connectivity analysis on the oil reservoir units by utilizing an oil reservoir engineering method and a numerical simulation streamline method; based on the embedded discrete fracture model, analyzing a remaining oil distribution mode under the control of the nuclear band structure; a multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation system is constructed by combining the remaining oil utilization potential, the displacement power, the flow capacity, the connectivity relation and the reserve abundance; a three-dimensional injection-production well pattern construction technology is formed for an oil reservoir with or without bottom water; based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm, three-dimensional collaborative optimization of the recovery ratio, the well control reserves and the net present value is taken as a core, and a high-efficiency well location deployment technology for different fault zones is constructed.

The invention discloses an optimal reservoir building horizon site selection method for a multi-layer water-bearing gas reservoir underground gas storage. The method comprises the following steps: performing reservoir feature evaluation on each layer in a target gas reservoir; analyzing a reservoir cover system by utilizing the relationship between the lithologic configuration relationship of two sides of the fault and the fault mud ratio, and evaluating the change of a three-dimensional stress field under the injection-production pressure disturbance; from the perspective of production dynamics, historical data of a target gas reservoir are researched for productivity analysis, the water invasion amount and the gas-water ratio are calculated layer by layer, fine description and quantitative characterization are performed on the water invasion dynamics, and the gas-water distribution and migration conditions are determined; and finally, carrying out comprehensive evaluation, and selecting an optimal library building horizon. From two aspects of reservoir geologic characteristics and production dynamics, quantitative analysis and evaluation are carried out on all layers and small layers of the target gas reservoir, then the optimal target layer position can be relatively accurately selected, the reservoir building operation effect is good, the oil ring damage degree is small, and bottom water invasion can be effectively blocked.

The invention discloses a residual oil quantitative evaluation method and device, a medium and computing equipment. The method comprises the steps that a ship bottom type remaining oil distribution mode of the homogeneous thin layer bottom water reservoir is determined; obtaining the strong water flooding radius under various bottom water thicknesses in the double-high development stage; obtaining quantitative expressions of remaining oil enrichment areas under various bottom water thicknesses; and obtaining the weak water flooding thickness H of each position of the oil reservoir. The residual oil quantitative evaluation method comprises the following steps: establishing a standard model under different bottom water thicknesses by acquiring strong water flooding radiuses under various bottom water thicknesses in a double-high development stage, and determining a classified bottom water reservoir mixed source displacement mode; aiming at the difficulty in shaping and quantitative description of'ship bottom type 'residual oil, positioning of a potential enrichment area is carried out based on water logging interpretation of a passing well, and rapid quantitative expression of the residual potential area is realized by acquiring quantitative expressions of the residual oil enrichment area under various bottom water thicknesses, so that a reliable basis is provided for accurate potential tapping of residual oil in a double-high stage; and the process is simple and efficient.

The invention discloses an offshore early warning threshold determination method for abnormal waves caused by land frame waves, and belongs to the technical field of marine disaster risk management, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining bottom water flow pressure data collected by a preset seabed pressure sensor array, and sea surface micro-deformation data of satellite remote sensing; reverse deduction is carried out according to the bottom water flow pressure data and the sea surface micro-deformation data, and a land frame wave three-dimensional energy field is reconstructed; carrying out coupling calculation by utilizing the land frame wave three-dimensional energy field to generate dynamic energy coupling parameters; and outputting an abnormal wave early warning signal according to the dynamic energy coupling parameter and a preset dynamic early warning threshold. According to the method, the three-dimensional energy field is reconstructed through the multi-source monitoring data, the terrain and tide dynamic coupling calculation is fused, the adaptive early warning threshold decision is realized based on the energy focusing characteristics, and the accuracy and timeliness of offshore engineering disaster prevention can be remarkably improved.

The invention relates to an upwelling circulating water culture system for high-density culture of abalone larvae and a use method. Relates to the technical field of abalone recirculating aquaculture. Comprising a circulating water system, a breeding barrel, an electric one-way check valve, an electric adjusting valve and a drain valve, a water outlet of the circulating water system is connected with a water inlet of the breeding barrel through a water inlet pipeline sequentially provided with the electric one-way check valve and the electric adjusting valve, and a water outlet of the breeding barrel is connected with the water inlet end of the circulating water system through a water return pipe. A water outlet branch is arranged between the electric one-way check valve and the breeding cylinder, and the drain valve is arranged on the water outlet branch. Based on the characteristics of abalone larva culture, a three-dimensional culture system with bottom water rising flow is designed, meanwhile, the water flow direction is controlled to rise in a one-way mode through the water pump and the electric one-way check valve, high-density accumulation and adhesion of fertilized eggs in local areas in the pond are reduced, the metamorphosis rate of abalone larvae subjected to abalone larva circulating water culture is greatly increased, and the survival rate of abalone larvae is increased. And high-density accumulation of fertilized eggs in a local space is avoided.

The utility model discloses a pond oxygenation temperature adjusting device which comprises a stable conveying device, a conveying pipeline and a pumping device, the stable conveying device is connected with the pumping device through the pumping device, and the stable conveying device is arranged below the pumping device. The stable conveying device is used for sucking pond bottom water; the conveying pipeline is used for controlling the depth of the stable conveying device in the pond; the pumping device is used for placing a water suction pump and sucking pond water; the utility model provides the oxygenation and temperature regulation equipment for the pond, which is simple in structure, reasonable in design and capable of adapting to different depths and areas with different sizes.

The utility model discloses an ecological pond filtering system, which relates to the field of pond filtering and comprises a water collecting unit, a sediment filtering unit, a sterilization bin and a circulating water pump, the water collecting unit comprises a surface water pipe and a bottom water pipe, and one end of the surface water pipe and one end of the bottom water pipe are respectively communicated with the surface and the bottom of a pond. In actual operation, water sources on the surface of the pond and at the bottom end of the pond can be input into the precipitation bin by starting the circulating water pump, the surface water pipe and the bottom water pipe, fish manure and impurities at the bottom of the pond and aquatic plants or impurities floating on the water surface can be conveniently absorbed, and the water quality of the pond is improved. Impurities of a water source can be filtered through the rotary drum filter, the cleanliness of the water source is improved, the filtered water source enters the sterilization bin, the water source is sterilized and disinfected through the matrix type ultraviolet generator, and finally the water source is output into the pond to complete circulation of the water source.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an energy-saving temperature-control aquaculture system which comprises net cage single bodies, a waterproof fence, a water inlet device and a water outlet device. The peripheral edge of the first net cage group is fixedly connected with a water-proof fence to form a semi-closed space which is water-permeable up and down and water-proof at the periphery; wherein a water diversion well vertically extending to the water bottom direction is arranged in the first net cage group, and the water inlet equipment is arranged at the preset position of the water diversion well and used for guiding water at the preset position of the water diversion well upwards and discharging the water into the breeding layer; the water outlet device is arranged at the position where the first net cage set is connected with an external water body and opposite to the water inlet device. According to the energy-saving temperature-control aquaculture system, bottom water with low water temperature is introduced into the surface layer through the water pushing type water inlet equipment in the water diversion well, so that the vertical movement of the water body is realized, and the balance of the water temperature of the aquaculture water body is achieved with the lowest energy consumption.

The invention provides a device and a method for purifying culture circulating water in a higher-place pond, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the culture circulating water and residual feed and excrement in the higher-place pond flow out from a sewage draining exit at the center of the pond bottom, and gradually flow into a self-settling filter well through a water inlet at the bottom of the well; aquaculture circulating water is filtered by an immersion filtering device in the well and overflows out of the well, and residual feed and excrement settle to the bottom of the well and then are discharged through a shrimp shell excrement drain outlet; the breeding circulating water overflowing out of the well flows through a hypochlorous acid oxidation device to be disinfected; the culture circulating water treated by the hypochlorous acid oxidation device flows into an aeration dechlorination tank to remove harmful gas; the culture circulating water treated by the aeration dechlorination tank flows into the ecological tank, so that the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water are reduced; and the culture circulating water treated by the ecological pond is pumped into the higher-place pond through a reflux pump. The system is efficient, energy-saving, small in occupied area, high in automation degree and capable of improving the water quality management efficiency and stability of higher-place pond culture circulating water.

A method and apparatus for removing a layer of sediment which has settled on the bottom of a large water body includes using a structural frame configured to contain a bottom water flow and for containing liquid and suspended particles dispersed during removal of bottom sediment in a suctioning area that is at least about 3 square feet, up to and including 8 square feet, that has support elements and / or silt containing elements, with a plurality of supporting wheels. A sediment removing vacuum unit is operably associated with the structural frame to conduct suctioned bottom water flow through suction lines to a filtering station outside of the water body, such that the water can then be returned to the large water body.

The application discloses a deep-sea mining system bunker device with water inlet at the bottom, and relates to the field of deep-sea mining.The technical scheme of the application comprises a bunker room;the lower part of the inner wall of the bunker room is a conical surface structure with a large upper part and a small lower part;the top of the bunker room is vertically provided with a riser pipe, the lower end of the riser pipe extends to the inside of the bunker room, the upper end of the riser pipe extends to the upper part of the bunker room and is connected with a storage room;the top of the bunker room is provided with a feeding opening, the feeding opening is located at one side of the riser pipe, the feeding opening is connected with a feeding pipe, the feeding pipe is provided with a first valve and a second valve, and a storage space is arranged between the first valve and the second valve;the bottom of the bunker room is provided with a lower bunker opening corresponding to the riser pipe, the lower bunker opening is connected with a transition pipe, and the lower part of the transition pipe is connected with a water outlet and a water inlet.The application can conveniently add minerals into the bunker room, and the minerals will not flow out during the injection process, the lower part of the conical surface structure of the inner wall of the bunker room can make the mineral particles gather in the lower bunker opening, and the upward water flow can easily lift the mineral particles.

The invention relates to a water invasion volume quantitative identification method based on a semi-ellipsoid radial seepage model, and belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir engineering. The method comprises the following specific steps that dimensionless time tD and pressure increment delta pj of an oil well are calculated; calculating dynamic reserves without water invasion according to the dynamic data of the oil well and a flowing substance balance equation; calculating a water invasion coefficient; the water invasion volume is obtained. The invention relates to a novel method for calculating invasion volumes of different types of water bodies invaded into an oil reservoir by radial flow edge and bottom water by utilizing a semi-ellipsoid geometric model of a Van Everdex-Hust equation principle, which can solve the problem of quantification of the invasion volumes of the water bodies at any moment in the water invasion process of the edge and bottom water oil reservoir. The influence of unstable seepage on the water invasion process is considered, the basic law of fluid flowing in the water invasion process is met, meanwhile, the water invasion coefficient calculation method which does not need to estimate the size of an oil reservoir is provided, and the overall error is small.

This invention relates to the field of natural gas development and discloses a method, apparatus, storage medium, and processor for predicting the production of bottom-water gas reservoirs. The method includes: training a model based on a training set of production data from the bottom-water gas reservoir to obtain a first long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model; optimizing hyperparameters based on a validation set to obtain a second LTM neural network model and a corresponding first error; testing the model based on a test set to obtain a corresponding second error; determining the generalization degree based on the first and second errors, and using the second LTM neural network model with a generalization degree meeting preset requirements as the target bottom-water gas reservoir production prediction model; and predicting the production of the bottom-water gas reservoir based on the target bottom-water gas reservoir production prediction model. This method captures long-term dependencies in time-series data using a LTM neural network, which can significantly improve the accuracy of bottom-water gas reservoir production prediction, thereby providing reliable support for oil and gas exploration and production decisions.

This disclosure relates to the field of petroleum exploration and development technology, and in particular to a method and system for determining bottom water intrusion characteristics. The method includes: determining the water permeability and the correlation coefficients between the matrix and fractures in a target block of a fractured sandstone gas reservoir; establishing and solving a mathematical model for cylindrical bottom water intrusion in a single well of the fractured sandstone gas reservoir based on the determined water permeability and the correlation coefficients between the matrix and fractures, obtaining a pressure function representing the difference between the original water pressure and the pressure at any point within the gas reservoir; using the obtained pressure function, determining the dimensionless bottom water intrusion volume; and determining the cylindrical bottom water intrusion characteristics of the dimensionless bottom water intrusion volume with respect to dimensionless time based on the determined dimensionless bottom water intrusion volume. By establishing a mathematical model of bottom water intrusion and calculating the cumulative water intrusion volume, the bottom water intrusion characteristics are determined, enabling an understanding of the entire dynamic process of bottom water intrusion in the reservoir.

The utility model discloses a multi-step high slope torrent groove device which comprises a slope, a plurality of gullies are arranged from the upper portion to the middle portion of the slope, the upper end of the torrent groove is connected with the gullies, the lower portion of the torrent groove is arranged above a slope bottom road, the torrent groove comprises an end water guide groove, and the end water guide groove is arranged at the uppermost end of the torrent groove and connected with the gullies. The lower portions of the end water guiding grooves are connected with oblique water guiding grooves, the lower portions of the oblique water guiding grooves are connected with horizontal water guiding grooves, the oblique water guiding grooves are formed in the lower ends of the horizontal water guiding grooves, the oblique water guiding grooves and the horizontal water guiding grooves are provided with multiple sections, and the oblique water guiding groove at the lowest end is connected with the bottom water guiding groove. And the bottom gutter is arranged beside a slope bottom road and is connected with a roadside drainage system. By arranging the torrent groove, the problem of gully drainage is effectively solved, the erosion of water flow to the slope is greatly reduced, the slope soil body structure is stabilized, the disaster risks such as landslide are reduced, and the slope safety is powerfully guaranteed.

The invention discloses a water body-sediment pesticide in-situ synchronous monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of monitoring devices.The water body-sediment pesticide in-situ synchronous monitoring device comprises a floating body platform with a through hole formed in the middle, a sediment sampling assembly is arranged at the position of the through hole in the floating body platform, and a supporting frame is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the floating body platform; a water sampling component is mounted on the right side of the upper surface of the floating platform; the water body sampling assembly comprises at least three groups of second water pumps, the input ends of the three groups of second water pumps are fixedly connected with third connecting pipes, the lengths of the three third connecting pipes are different, a bracket is fixedly connected to the right front side of the upper surface of the supporting frame, and three groups of fourth connecting pipes are clamped in the bracket; the lower ends of the three fourth connecting pipes are fixedly connected with the output ends of the three second water pumps through flanges correspondingly. The device has the advantages that surface, middle and bottom water bodies are respectively collected through three groups of third connecting pipes with different lengths, and multi-dimensional data in the vertical direction are covered, so that one-sidedness of a single depth is avoided.

The utility model discloses a grouting experiment platform for simulating a complex surrounding rock environment of a tunnel, which comprises a cubic model box body formed by welding a plurality of independent steel plates, a front / rear side plate of the cubic model box body is provided with regular through holes and is externally connected with a water storage tank, and the water storage tank regulates and controls dynamic water pressure through a bottom water outlet and an external water pressure supply system; a detachable cover plate and a ground stress simulation system are arranged at the top of the model box body, the ground stress simulation system comprises a portal frame, a hydraulic jack and a bearing plate, and stratum stress is reproduced through hydraulic loading and pressure monitoring; the grouting equipment injects grout into the simulation tunnel through the pressure stirring barrel and the grouting guide pipe. The device can accurately simulate a seepage field and a stress field of a complex surrounding rock, and is used for analyzing a grouting liquid diffusion rule in a laboratory, optimizing grouting parameters and reducing site construction risks.

This invention provides granular materials for environmental improvement that, after being introduced into a body of water, initially float to promote the attachment and dispersal of microorganisms, and then naturally sink to improve the bottom sediment. [Solution] This granular material is formed by mixing a base material containing iron powder and carbon powder with a lightweight porous material derived from plants and then press-molding it. The granular material has a fine void structure inside, and initially floats on the water surface or near the surface due to the buoyancy of the void structure and the lightweight porous material derived from plants. After a certain period of time, as water is absorbed due to the stagnation of the water and the iron powder oxidizes, the specific gravity increases and the material sinks. Without using any special power or equipment, it can gradually achieve both "diffusion and microbial attachment in the surface layer" and "improvement of water and sediment quality in the bottom layer" simply by being added. Furthermore, by using recycled materials such as used hand warmers as the base material, it is possible to provide a resource-recycling material with a low environmental impact.

The present invention discloses a microphysical model, experimental device, and method for simulating bottom-water reservoirs. The microphysical model is made of a transparent material. The microphysical model includes an oil-bearing characteristic area and a bottom-water characteristic area. The oil-bearing characteristic area and the bottom-water characteristic area are located in the same plane, arranged adjacent to each other, and interconnected. A first injection channel is provided at the end of the bottom-water characteristic area away from the oil-bearing characteristic area, an output channel is provided at the end of the oil-bearing characteristic area away from the bottom-water characteristic area, and second and third injection channels are provided on either side of the oil-bearing characteristic area. The present invention can simulate the development process of strong bottom-water reservoirs under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and clarify the mechanisms for enhancing oil recovery in bottom-water reservoirs, such as gas flooding and chemical flooding.

The application discloses an aquaculture tail water biological membrane purification device, and belongs to the field of environmental engineering water treatment. The device realizes tail water purification through a multilayer purification zone series connection structure, comprises a main body shell, a top water inlet and a bottom water outlet, at least two purification zones are arranged in the main body shell, the at least two purification zones are separated by a flow interception plate and are connected through a spiral descending water tank; the purification zone is filled with gravel (physical filtration and gradient denitrification), biological suspended filler (aerobic biological membrane oxidation) and coupled autotrophic filler (sulfur-iron synergistic denitrification and phosphorus removal) in layers. The spiral water tank prolongs the water residence time, and an aerator strengthens oxygen transfer; modular drawer plates and rotating plate supports facilitate maintenance, and combined with microbial flora and water quality sensor cloud monitoring, efficient synergistic removal of pollutants and system self-adaptive regulation and control are realized.

The invention discloses a marine modular plant cultivation system, which belongs to the technical field of marine cultivation systems, and comprises: a frame body fixedly mounted in a cabin; the plurality of bottom water tanks are arranged in the linear direction and are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the frame body; the plurality of planting pipes are arranged in a rectangular array, and the plurality of planting pipes are fixedly connected to the frame body; a nutrient solution is stored in the bottom water tank, flows through the irrigation pipe through power of the water pump, is sprayed into the planting pipe through the spray head to irrigate vegetables fundamentally and then flows back into the bottom water tank through the drainage piece, and when the nutrient solution in the bottom water tank is consumed to the low water level, the pressure sensor can detect the insufficient water level and transmit a signal to the control system. The control system quantitatively supplements the nutrient solution into the bottom water tank through the fertilizer supplementing pipe, the floating ball valve is arranged at the tail end of the fertilizer supplementing pipe, and when the nutrient solution is supplemented to the highest water level, the floating ball valve can prevent the nutrient solution from overflowing excessively.

The invention discloses a clean water carrying air suspension proppant fracturing method for a shallow bottom water reservoir. The clean water carrying air suspension proppant fracturing method comprises the following steps: preparing an air suspension proppant; optimizing an underground fluid system, and selecting clear water as prepad fluid, sand-carrying fluid and displacing fluid; according to the reservoir geologic characteristics and the oil-bearing property, in combination with software, the fracture expansion condition is simulated, the sand amount, the construction displacement, the sand ratio and the prepad fluid proportion parameters are optimized, a construction pump injection program is designed according to the optimized parameters, the fracturing construction process is determined, and a clear water gas suspension sand fracturing technical mode is formed. The surface of the quartz sand is modified, the fracturing propping agent which can generate a large number of bubbles on the surface when encountering water and is fully suspended or flocculent semi-suspended in water is obtained, the fracturing method that clear water carries the air suspension propping agent is adopted, on one hand, the net pressure in a crack can be reduced, the crack height can be controlled, bottom water channeling due to pressure is avoided, and the fracturing propping agent can be recycled; and on the other hand, the sanding profile can be improved to realize effective support of the middle-upper oil layer, so that benefit development of the shallow bottom water reservoir is realized.

The invention relates to an edge-bottom water reservoir natural energy evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of reservoir development. According to the edge-bottom water reservoir natural energy evaluation method, firstly, the rock pore compression coefficient is calculated, then the accumulated water invasion amount of the reservoir is calculated according to the geological parameters and the production and development parameters of the reservoir, and then the natural energy activity index of the reservoir is calculated. And finally, determining the natural energy activity degree of the oil reservoir according to the natural energy activity index. The edge-bottom water reservoir natural energy evaluation method is suitable for non-closed unsaturated water pressure driven reservoirs, namely the reservoirs which have connected water bodies and have the water invasion effect due to reservoir pressure drop in the exploitation process, is suitable for the reservoirs subjected to water injection development and natural energy production, and has high evaluation accuracy.

The invention provides a river network-based ecological effect simulation system and a control method thereof. The river network-based ecological effect simulation system comprises a water tank, a connecting pipeline and a water supply device, the water tanks comprise N levels, in the vertical direction, the first height between the first water tank located on the ith level and the horizontal plane is smaller than the second height between the second water tank located on the (i + 1) th level and the horizontal plane, N is an integer larger than 2, i is any integer between 1 and N-1, and the number of the second water tanks is larger than that of the first water tanks; each first water tank is communicated with at least two second water tanks through connecting pipelines, and each second water tank is communicated with the first water tank through an independent connecting pipeline; the water supply device is used for supplying water to the uppermost water tank located on the Nth level or supplying water to the lowermost water tank located on the first level. The river network ecological effect simulation method can realize simulation of the river network ecological effect, and is high in simulation trueness and low in cost.

The application discloses a kind of based on stirling machine's emergency water collecting equipment, including condensing unit and water storage unit, and water in water-containing air is condensed to form liquid water droplets by the top condensing unit work, liquid water droplets from the condensing unit drop into bottom water storage unit and realize the collection of pure water.The relatively pure water is efficiently obtained in natural environment by the stirling device, without the fire source and other dangerous factors of distillation, safer and more efficient;The purity is higher than that of filtration and sedimentation;Compared with solar distillation, the device does not need to consider the sun angle, temperature and other conditions, and has wider application conditions and higher efficiency;The temperature of the produced water is low, the taste is better for drinking, and the rotation speed is limited by disassembling the speed limiting device for ice making, preservation or treatment in emergency.

The utility model discloses an urban water-permeable brick, which belongs to the field of floor tiles and comprises a water-permeable brick body and a filter screen, the middle of the water-permeable brick body is provided with a vertically through central water tank, the bottom of the water-permeable brick body is provided with a bottom surface water tank, and the bottom surface water tank transversely penetrates through the bottom surface of the water-permeable brick body. A plurality of water permeable brick bodies are sequentially arranged together in a manner that the end faces abut against one another, so that the bottom surface water tanks are communicated with one another, surface water tanks are formed in the tops of the water permeable brick bodies, and the bottom surface water tanks and the surface water tanks are vertically communicated through central water tanks. The bottom face and the center of the brick body have certain water containing and draining capacity, rainwater can be absorbed and stored in the water permeable brick, the drainage system of a city is effectively improved, and underground water resources are supplemented in time; in addition, rapid drainage can be achieved, runoff drainage is reduced, and pollution of surface accumulated water to the environment is reduced when rainfall is dense.

The application discloses a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle low disturbance water sample sampling device and method for coastal wetland, device includes unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft, sampling unit and recovery unit;Surface sampler is the container bottle of top opening, two sides are connected first float ball and metal ball respectively, after entering water, rely on buoyancy and gravity coupling to keep bottle mouth inclination posture, surface water is naturally flowed into with hydrostatic pressure difference mode;Bottom sampler is the container bottle of airtight, top is equipped with exhaust hole, bottom side is equipped with water inlet, water inlet is hinged with the sealing baffle of with counterweight and guide stress plate, when entering water, water pressure moment overcomes counterweight damping moment to make baffle open smoothly, water enters in laminar flow mode;When rising, counterweight gravity makes baffle automatic reset seal.The application realizes the low physical disturbance of sampling link, can collect surface and bottom water sample once, to obtain water sample for testing dissolved oxygen, solubility greenhouse gas concentration, dissolved organic carbon, particulate carbon, nutrient salt, dissolved organic matter molecular composition.

The application provides a device and method for testing the plugging mechanism of a pressure-reducing well under the condition of bidirectional and alternate clear water and turbid water, which comprises a test tank base, a plexiglass tank fixed to the test tank base, a sample bottom support plate arranged at the bottom of the plexiglass tank, a multi-hole well pipe installed on the sample bottom support plate, a filter layer fixing frame installed on the outer wall of the multi-hole well pipe, and a filter layer sample fixed in the filter layer fixing frame. The filter layer sample is divided into at least three parts by a partition slot. The sample bottom support plate is supported on the test tank base by a bottom support plate annular support, and a bottom water tank is formed between the sample bottom support plate and the test tank base. The bottom water tank is connected to clear water through a bottom water inlet pipe. The top of the multi-hole well pipe is covered by a sample cover plate, and the top of the plexiglass tank is covered by a top fixed cover. A top turbid water tank is formed between the sample cover plate and the top fixed cover, and the top turbid water tank is used for connecting to turbid water. The application can realize the test and quantitative analysis of the plugging evolution process of the filter layer of the pressure-reducing well.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of automatic water cutting systems of storage tanks, in particular to an intelligent water cutting system of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, which comprises a spherical tank, a tank root valve, a desilting pipe and a water cutting tank, an inlet valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the desilting pipe and the water cutting tank, and a water cutting pipeline is arranged at a water outlet at the bottom of the water cutting tank. A floating ball valve device is arranged at a water outlet in the bottom of the water cutting tank, a water cutting valve is mounted on the water cutting pipeline, a level gauge extending into the water cutting tank is arranged at the top of the water cutting tank, a pressure balance pipeline is arranged between an opening in the side wall of the water cutting tank and the water cutting pipeline, and a balance valve is mounted on the pressure balance pipeline; the water draining device further comprises a water draining controller and a plurality of externally-attached liquid level switches installed on the outer side wall of the water draining tank. According to the intelligent water cutting system, the interface level meter is calibrated in real time through the externally-attached liquid level switch, water in the water cutting tank can be drained safely, conveniently and rapidly, the situation that the floating ball blocks the water outlet under high pressure is avoided, the situation that normal water cutting work is affected due to failure or damage of the interface level meter is avoided, the water drainage efficiency is high, and the water drainage effect is good.

The present application relates to a kind of across fault city comprehensive pipe gallery anti-fault let pressure protection structure and construction method, belong to city infrastructure protection technical field.The across fault city comprehensive pipe gallery anti-fault let pressure protection structure, comprising: multiple distribution in pipe gallery both sides and bottom water bag, set on foundation stainless steel mesh belt chain and multiple set on stainless steel mesh belt chain stainless steel rectangular spring, bottom water bag is set between pipe gallery and stainless steel mesh belt chain, the top of bottom water bag and pipe gallery between is provided with PVC waterproof cloth, the stainless steel mesh belt chain is placed with multiple isolation shell in bottom water bag;Adapt to fault dislocation, improve the anti-deformation ability of pipe gallery;Using the combination design of water bag, foamed solidified soil, automatic pressure control water valve, can absorb and disperse stress when fault occurs dislocation, adjust pressure locally by water valve, reduce the direct impact on pipe gallery main structure, reduce the risk of pipe gallery wall cracking or damage.