70 results about "Breakthrough time" patented technology

The invention relates to a test method for an intrastratal nonhomogeneous model. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the porosity, the air permeability, the water phase permeability, the oil phase effective permeability and the bond water saturation of a plurality of natural reservoir cores serving as single-layer core models respectively; putting all the layers of cores with bond water into a nonhomogeneous multi-layer core holding device according to a reverse rhythm order, wherein the core holding device is provided with a plurality of liquid outlets, each liquid outlet is aligned with a layer of core respectively, a joint between two layers of correspondingly adjacent cores on the right tops of the cores is provided with a sealing gasket, and effluent liquid which passes through each layer of core flows out from the corresponding liquid outlet of each layer; adding 0 to 50MPa of ambient pressure; performing water displacement on the cores at a speed of between 0 and 10ml/min; recording the water breakthrough time, the accumulated oil yield during the water breakthrough time, the accumulated liquid yield, and displacement differential pressure at both ends of each layer of core; and finishing an experiment when the moisture content reaches 99.95 percent. By the test method, the variation rules of nonhomogeneous water displacing oil in each layer can be precisely reflected.

A filtration device including a fluid-impermeable housing having a gas inlet and outlet, and containing within the housing first filter media particles of an extended surface area substrate and containing at least one metal impregnant, and second filter media particles of an extended surface area zirconium hydroxide substrate and zinc (hydr)oxide. The device may be used in atmospheres containing various harmful gases, and may provide particularly useful improvements in NO_x breakthrough times compared to a device containing only the first filter media particles or only the second filter media particles.

In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a material intended for personal protective equipment is disclosed, wherein the material includes at least four different layers, the layers being: an outer first layer of a material comprising at least one polymer, which material is self-extinguishing; a second layer of a fiber material, which fiber material is self-extinguishing; a third layer being adhesive; and an inner fourth layer being a barrier laminate; wherein all at least four different layers individually are attached to layers located next to them. Furthermore, a protective suit including a material according to the present invention and the use of such a material for the production of personal protective equipment are also described. Moreover, a chemical and flash fire escape protective suit is disclosed, including a material according to the present invention, the suit meeting all of the basic requirements according to NFPA 1991, the suit having a minimum breakthrough time of at least 480 minutes for the chemicals according to NFPA 1991 when tested in accordance with EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 with breakthrough criterion of 0.1 μg/cm²*min, the suit passing the permeation resistance test which lasts more than 180 minutes after flexing and abrasion according to NFPA 1991 and the suit passing the flame test according to ASTM F 1358 and the garment material flame test and the whole suit flash over test according to NFPA 1991 optional flash fire escape.

An evaporation fuel processing system is equipped with a vapor passage, a canister, a purging passage, a purge control valve, a filling amount detector, and an ECU. The ECU comprises an adsorption amount detecting circuit that detects the adsorption amount of an evaporation fuel, which is adsorbed by the canister upon filling of the fuel at a time when a fuel is filled into a fuel tank, a breakthrough time calculating circuit that calculates a time, based on the detected adsorption amount, at which the canister would experience breakthrough in the event that the evaporation fuel were not purged into an engine from the canister, and a control circuit that carries out purge processing by the purge control valve based on the calculated time.

A method for determining at least one of an effluent concentration profile, a breakthrough time and a filter cartridge recommendation includes receiving at least one input parameter, determining at least one of the effluent concentration profile, the breakthrough time and the filter cartridge recommendation based on the input parameter, and graphically displaying at least one of the effluent concentration profile, the breakthrough time, and the filter cartridge recommendation. The effluent concentration profile includes a plot of a concentration of a chemical species over a period of time. The breakthrough time includes a time at which a predetermined concentration of the chemical species passes through a filter cartridge.

A completion design method by bottom water reservoir horizontal well segregated water control includes the steps of determining horizontal well water control well sections by analyzing and determining the well sections needing to be packed during segregated completion according to collected data information, and defining final water control well sections; performing optimization design of a segregated scheme by determining reasonable segregated number and segregated length according to the final water control well sections; performing optimization design of a completion scheme by taking minimum difference of water breakthrough time of the water control well sections of the segregated scheme and minimum completion total additional percolating resistance as a principle, optimizing to obtain reasonable liquid production capacity and additional resistance values of the water control well sections, and determining throttling passage parameters of the water control well sections; and performing horizontal well segregated water control completion construction by performing construction of the water control completion scheme according to the reasonable liquid production capacity, the additional resistance values and the throttling passage parameters, and controlling the liquid production capacity of each water control well section to achieve water control and oil stabilization.

The invention discloses a water-control effect-enhancing fracturing method of a carbonate reservoir. The water-control effect-enhancing fracturing method comprises design references and methods of such technologies as a fracturing fluid system (a cation fracturing fluid and a water-in-oil emulsion fracturing fluid), a fracturing process (optimal water control and block design, directional sanding and large-scale fracture forming) and a production scheduling system (high pressure limiting liquid drainage and pressure limiting production). The water-control effect-enhancing fracturing method adopts the basic principle that in the fracturing construction process, a highly-flow-guiding fracture with oil passing and water blocking performance is formed, water blocking of a water breakthrough oil reservoir is realized by virtue of the hydrophobicity of a modified propping agent, and water in the fractured water layer can be effectively controlled not to flow into a shaft through the fracture, so that the water control and block performance of the hydrophobic propping agent are given into full play, the production stimulation effect of carbonate reservoir fracturing is improved, the water breakthrough time after fracturing is pushed back, the water yield after fracturing is reduced and the effective fracturing period is prolonged.

The invention discloses a method for guiding the layout of gasification furnaces for underground coal gasification and determining the directions of main fractures in underground coal beds. The method comprises the following steps: drilling a central hole above the reserving area of an underground coal bed; drilling a plurality of surrounding holes on a circular layout line centering on the central hole; inputting pressurized air from the central hole to the underground coal bed so as to carry out high-pressure air fracturing; monitoring and determining the flow and components of gas discharged from each surrounding hole; carrying out comparison on the determined flow of each discharged gas, determining the position of a first surrounding hole with the largest flow of discharged gas, and determining the position of a second surrounding hole with the second-largest flow of discharged gas; and according to a formula provided by the invention, carrying out calculation on the angles of the main fractures. The practical and economical method provided by the invention can be used for shortening the breakthrough time for underground coal-bed gasification, and reducing the breakthrough difficulty of underground coal-bed gasification.

The invention discloses a separate zone waterflooding technology policy limitation before reservoir water breakthrough. The separate zone waterflooding technology policy limitation comprises the following steps of firstly, considering multiple factors comprehensively, establishing a series of injection-production well group typical models, then carrying out numerical simulation research of multi-layer joint injection on the models, taking the water breakthrough time level difference as the longitudinal equilibrium displacement criterion, and evaluating the longitudinal dynamic non-equilibrium degree before reservoir water breakthrough through the Lorentz coefficient; and finally, determining the separate zone waterflooding technology policy limitations before reservoir water breakthrough with different rhythmicity and different well pattern forms according to a Lorentz coefficient warning value. The separate zone waterflooding technology policy limitation before reservoir water breakthrough is more accurate, simpler and easier to operate, can provide the guidance for the division of the oil field on-site separate zone waterflooding technology policy limitations, so that the oil reservoir development effect is improved, and the oil reservoir recovery rate is increased.

The embodiments of the invention provide a method and a device for determining a waterflood sweep efficiency of multi-layer reservoirs. The method comprises the steps of acquiring physical property parameters of each reservoir stratum in a work area; acquiring a waterflood front saturation of each reservoir stratum according to the physical property parameters of each reservoir stratum; determining a waterflood separate injection quantity of each reservoir stratum; determining waterflood front motion speed, breakthrough time and sweep efficiency of each reservoir stratum according to the waterflood separate injection quantity and the waterflood front saturation of each reservoir stratum. The method and the device can determine sweep efficiency of different strata in different time periods.

A system and method for controlling an exhaust after-treatment apparatus for vehicle are provided. The method includes detecting, by a controller, signals from a front lambda sensor and a rear lambda sensor of a Lean NOx Trap (LNT), when an engine is driven in a rich mode and acquiring, by the controller, a temperature of exhaust gas detected by a temperature sensor, when the engine is driven in a rich mode. Further the method includes comparing, by the controller, the signals from the front lambda sensor and the rear lambda sensor to detect a breakthrough time when a breakthrough occurs between the signals from the front lambda sensor and the rear lambda sensor. In addition, the controller is configured to determine an additional rich time period based on the breakthrough time and the temperature of exhaust gas.

Disclosed herein is a method to control distribution of injected microorganisms, nutrients or other chemical treatment fluids from a single injection well to multiple production wells. The sweep efficiency is improved preventing premature production of fluids from production wells with short breakthrough times. This is a useful technique for treatment of subterranean target sites for practice of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery and bioremediation.

The invention provides a multi-objective optimization method for current limiting strength of a horizontal well inflow control device (ICD). The multi-objective optimization method includes building ahorizontal well ICD completion flow coupling model; taking the horizontal well yield and water breakthrough time variable coefficient as the objective function, setting constraint conditions and building an ICD current limiting strength multi-objective optimization model; solving the multi-objective optimization model through an NSGA-II algorithm to obtain the optimal solution set of the multi-objective optimization method; ranking according to the the distance from all solutions in the optimal solution set to the ideal optimal solution and the ideal inferior solution through the Topsis method, thereby acquiring the optimal solution of the current limiting strength of the horizontal well ICD .

The invention provides a method and a device for predicting water breakthrough time of a bottom water condensate gas reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: based on the factors of skin effect, gas non-Darcy effect and retrograde condensation, the calculation model of water breakthrough time of bottom water condensate gas reservoir is established based on the gas plane radial abortionenergy model of perforated interval and the gas hemispherical centripetal abortion energy model of the lower part of perforated interval; actual production data of bottom water condensate gas reservoir are obtained. Based on the water breakthrough time calculation model of the bottom water condensate gas reservoir, the water breakthrough time of the bottom water condensate gas reservoir is predicted according to the actual production data of the bottom water condensate gas reservoir. Because the influence of non-Darcy effect, skin effect and retrograde condensation on water breakthrough timenear the bottom hole is considered comprehensively in this scheme, the water breakthrough time calculation model which is more suitable for the water cone behavior of bottom water condensate gas reservoir can be established, and the accuracy of water breakthrough time prediction can be improved.

Methods and devices for determining the breakthrough times and steady state permeation rates of a chemical sample through a material and calibration methods that utilize the principal of relative carbon response factors using flame ionization responses of a reference gas.

The invention discloses a highly-efficient flow control sieve tube. The sieve tube comprises a parent tube, wherein the parent tube is provided with a parent tube inlet; a filtering sleeve is sleeved outside the parent tube; a circumferential seam between the parent tube and the filtering sleeve is a flow deflecting layer; and the sieve tube is provided with a flow control device of which an inlet is communicated with the flow deflecting layer, while an outlet is communicated with the parent tube inlet. Under the condition of the relatively greater viscosity ratio of oil water, the sieve tube of the invention is cased off so that water yield is greatly reduced and oil production is slightly reduced. Before the surface of the oil water reaches the sieve tube, the flow velocities of a fluid at each position along a production section are substantially the same, which plays a role in controlling the uniform advancing of the oil water and delaying water breakthrough time.

The invention provides a water breakthrough time prediction method and device for a low permeability bottom water gas reservoir. The method comprises the following steps of building a water breakthrough time computing model based on a gas phase plane radial flow throughput model and a hemispherical centripetal flow of the lower part of a perforated zone according to a gas phase non-Darcy flow effect influence factor and a stratum skin effect influence factor; acquiring actual production data of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir; and predicting the water breakthrough time of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir according to the actual production data of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir based on the water breakthrough time computing model of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir. The scheme comprehensively considers the influences of the gas phase non-Darcy flow effect and the stratum skin effect, and builds the dynamic water breakthroughtime computing model fitter for the fracturing well water cone of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir, so that the water breakthrough time of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir can be accurately predicted, and the guiding significance and practical value are provided for improving development benefit and reasonable production allocation of the low permeability bottom water gas reservoir.

The invention discloses a multifunctional combined dry hot rock energy storage heating system, which comprises a primary filtering reservoir, wherein the primary filtering reservoir is communicated with a secondary filtering reservoir; the secondary filtering reservoir is communicated with a recharge well straight well section through a transmission pipeline; the bottom end of the recharge well straight well section is communicated with the water inlet end of a dry hot rock water storage system through a recharge well inclined well section; the water outlet end of the dry hot rock water storage system is communicated with the bottom end of a geothermal water exploitation well straight well section through a geothermal water exploitation well horizontal well section; a submersible pump is arranged in the geothermal water exploitation well straight well section. According to the system, the exploitation efficiency of the dry hot rock can be improved by controlling the water injection time, the water injection amount and the water injection temperature, the temperature breakthrough time of the geothermal well is delayed, the problems of waste wind and waste light resources caused by wind power and photoelectric are comprehensively solved, and the wind power and photoelectric in a small area are used for heating geothermal tail water and ground surface replenishment cold water, sothat the sustainable development of the geothermal resources of the dry hot rock is ensured.

The invention discloses a pressure-variable adsorption gas separation device, which comprises two or more adsorption towers, wherein the tops of every two adjacent adsorption towers, and the bottoms of every two adjacent adsorption towers are respectively connected by pipelines and valves, and an auxiliary adsorption tower is arranged between every two adjacent adsorption towers, and is connected with the two adjacent adsorption towers through pipelines and valves; and an adsorbent is filled in each auxiliary adsorption tower, and the top of each adsorption tower is connected with the middles of the adjacent adsorption towers through pipelines and valves. By changing a pressure equalizing component and additionally arranging the auxiliary adsorption towers, a pressure equalizing method in the prior process is improved, so that the adsorption of gas to be purified in an adsorbent bed layer is reasonable to great extent, the utilization efficiency of the adsorbent is greatly improved, the breakthrough time of the adsorption tower is prolonged, and the gas production rate of the adsorbent in the towers is improved. As validated by implementation, the device is very suitable for preparing high-purity gases.

A method is described to determine the remaining sorption capacity of activated-carbon-sorbent gas filters by measuring the breakthrough time for a test gas challenge to a test filter with known and controlled test conditions that include flow rate and temperature and the use of a calibration curve that has been established by prior testing of the test filter sorbent medium in calibration tests where the filter is exposed to a known quantity of gas surrogate for the challenge gases that the filter may sorb in service and then testing the test filter medium by challenge with a sparged gas that can be selectively detected to determine the breakthrough as a function of test gas. The apparatus using such a method comprises a portable system that includes a sparging test gas generator, a carrier gas system, a test filter canister holder, and a selective detector that can quantitatively monitor the test gas exiting the test filter canister. The method and apparatus can be used to determine the remaining sorption capacity of activated carbons filters, e.g., ASZM-TEDA carbon filters such as those used for building defense against chemical toxant attack, industrial accidents, and for tactical collective protection and for industrial ventilation and compliance with environmental regulations.