The invention belongs to the technical field of personal protective equipment of firemen, particularly relating to a system for collecting and transmitting fire scene information by firemen. The system consists of a fire scene environment information module, a personnel physiological characteristic information module, a quick positioning module for personnel in danger, an excess pressure measuring module of an air breathing apparatus, a fireman movement sensing and measuring module, a fire scene order display module, an information processing module, a short-distance data transmission module, a long-distance data transmission module, an information relay module and a background terminal, wherein the fireman movement sensing and measuring module, a fire scene environment information module, the personnel physiological characteristic information module, the quick positioning module for personnel in danger and the excess pressure measuring module of the air breathing apparatus send the fireman fire scene information to the information processing module by the short-distance data transmission module; the information is integrated by the information processing module; and the integrated information is transmitted to the background terminal by the long-distance data transmission module. In the system, a proper module is selected according to the requirement of a disaster scene to lighten whole borne load, which is favourable for fire fighting; a unified communication platform is used for transmitting and displaying data; and commanding personnel can obtain various types of data, thereby bringing convenience for making overall arrangements.