The invention belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle detection, and in particular relates to an oil pipeline inspection system, including a sensing optical cable, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a ground inspection vehicle, and a monitoring center; wherein, the sensing optical cable is installed outside the oil pipeline, and The monitoring center is connected by communication; the UAV and the ground patrol vehicle, and between the ground patrol vehicle and the monitoring center are connected wirelessly; the present invention adopts sensing optical cable and UAV remote sensing technology to observe through the camera , quickly locate the location of the event, and transmit the monitoring video to the rear site in real time through the data link, which can avoid the impact of terrain on the line inspection, make up for the lack of manual inspection due to terrain reasons that cannot be approached in time, improve the efficiency of line inspection, and are widely applicable to Pipeline routine inspections, large-scale regional inspections, and then with the help of ultra-narrowband video remote transmission technology, the cruise video is transmitted in real time to consoles or mobile terminals located in any geographic location, providing effective protection for pipeline protection.