The invention discloses a hash tree caching method and device, and the method comprises the steps: determining the position information of written data in a hash tree according to the logic position of the written data, and storing a hash signature and the position information of the written data in a first front buffer region; when the first preposed buffer area is full, taking the first preposedbuffer area as a current standby preposed buffer area, and updating internal data of the first preposed buffer area to the hash tree; when the space size of the hash tree reaches a threshold value, persisting the hash tree to a disk. According to the method, the first front buffer area and the second front buffer area are introduced, so that the read-write data corresponds to the front buffer areas, the two inverse hash tree operations are effectively isolated, the complexity of the hash tree operations is improved, persistent concurrent execution of the user read-write task and the hash treecan be realized, and the user experience is improved. And the determination writing performance of the distributed storage system is effectively improved.