662 results about "Variable-length code" patented technology

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

Video coding efficiency is improved by jointly coding the x and y components of motion vectors with a single variable length code. The motion vector components for a block of pixels are predicted based on motion vectors of neighboring blocks of pixels. The predicted x and y components are then jointly coded by assigning a single variable length code corresponding to the pair of components, rather than a separate code for each component. If the x and y components do not have a corresponding entry in the coding table, they are coded with an escape code followed by fixed length codes.

Described are techniques used in a computer system for handling data operations to storage devices. A switching fabric includes one or more fast paths for handling lightweight, common data operations and at least one control path for handling other data operations. A control path manages one or more fast paths. The fast path and the control path are utilized in mapping virtual to physical addresses using mapping tables. The mapping tables include an extent table of one or more entries corresponding to varying address ranges. The size of an extent may be changed dynamically in accordance with a corresponding state change of physical storage. The fast path may cache only portions of the extent table as needed in accordance with a caching technique. The fast path may cache a subset of the extent table stored within the control path. A set of primitives may be used in performing data operations. A locking mechanism is described for controlling access to data shared by the control paths.

An encoding device includes a color component separating unit for separating an input bit stream for the respective color components, a block dividing unit for dividing an input color component signal into blocks to generate a signal of an encoding unit area, a predicted image generating unit for generating a predicted image for the signal, a determining unit for determining a prediction mode used for encoding according to a prediction efficiency of the predicted image, a prediction error encoding unit for encoding a difference between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode determined by the determining unit and the input color component signal, and an encoding unit for variable length-coding the prediction mode, an output from the prediction error encoding unit, and a color component identification flag indicating the color component to which the input bit stream belongs as a result of the color component separation.

A robust method to compress relations close to their entropy while still allowing efficient queries. Column values are encoded into variable length codes to exploit skew in their frequencies. The codes in each tuple are concatenated and the resulting tuplecodes are sorted and delta-coded to exploit the lack of ordering in a relation. Correlation is exploited either by co-coding correlated columns, or by using a sort order that can leverage the correlation. Also presented is a novel Huffman coding scheme, called segregated coding, that preserves maximum compression while allowing range and equality predicates on the compressed data, without even accessing the full dictionary. Delta coding is exploited to speed up queries, by reusing computations performed on nearly identical records.

A method and apparatus for Intra prediction mode encoding or decoding based on multi-level most probable modes (MPMs) are disclosed. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the method and apparatus for encoding or decoding Intra prediction mode for 4×4 prediction unit (PU) use 19 Intra mode candidates to have full directional coverage or 35 Intra mode candidates as used by 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 PUs. In another embodiment of the present invention, three MPMs are used to code the Intra modes. Various methods to derive the three MPMs based on the Intra modes of neighboring blocks are disclosed. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the coding method for the remaining modes comprises fixed length coding. In addition, variable length coding for the remaining modes are also disclosed.

Video coding efficiency is improved by jointly coding the x and y components of motion vectors with a single variable length code. The motion vector components for a block of pixels are predicted based on motion vectors of neighboring blocks of pixels. The predicted x and y components are then jointly coded by assigning a single variable length code corresponding to the pair of components, rather than a separate code for each component. If the x and y components do not have a corresponding entry in the coding table, they are coded with an escape code followed by fixed length codes.

In an image encoding / decoding device of the present invention, the prediction direction in a target block, i.e., a block which becomes the target of the intra-frame prediction processing, is estimated by taking advantage of pre-encoded blocks which are adjacent to the target block. First, as edge information on decoded images on the adjacent blocks, intensities and angles of the edges are calculated. Next, of the degrees of likelihood calculated with respect to each prediction direction by taking advantage of this edge information and, e.g., a neural network, the prediction direction whose degree of likelihood is the highest is employed as the prediction direction in the target block. Also, a variable-length code table is dynamically created based on the estimated result, which allows a significant reduction in the prediction-direction representing code amount.

Techniques and tools for using motion vector block patterns in video encoding and decoding are described. In general, a motion vector block pattern signals the presence or absence of motion vector data for a macroblock with multiple motion vectors. For example, a video decoder decodes variable length codes that represent motion vector block patterns. Each motion vector block pattern has one bit per corresponding luminance motion vector of a macroblock with multiple luminance motion vectors, where the one bit indicates whether or not motion vector data for the corresponding luminance motion vector is signaled. A video encoder performs corresponding encoding.

A packet switch which includes input line interfaces for converting variable length packets received from input lines to fixed length cells, a switch unit for switching said packets in cell units, output line interfaces for converting output cells from the switching unit to variable length packets and transmitting the variable length packets over output lines. Each of the input line interfaces has a cell output controller for queuing the fixed length cells for each output line according to the degree of priority of the cells, and for selectively outputting the stored cells in the queues in order of priority, thereby to suppress the transmission of cells with a low priority during the times of congestion.

Systems, methods, and computer programs for high quality wide-range multi-layer image compression coding, including consistent ubiquitous use of floating point values in essentially all computations; an adjustable floating-point deadband; use of an optimal band-split filter; use of entire SNR layers at lower resolution levels; targeting of specific SNR layers to specific quality improvements; concentration of coding bits in regions of interest in targeted band-split and SNR layers; use of statically-assigned targets for high-pass and / or for SNR layers; improved SNR by using a lower quantization value for regions of an image showing a higher compression coding error; application of non-linear functions of color when computing difference values when creating an SNR layer; use of finer overall quantization at lower resolution levels with regional quantization scaling; removal of source image noise before motion-compensated compression or film steadying; use of one or more full-range low bands; use of alternate quantization control images for SNR bands and other high resolution enhancing bands; application of lossless variable-length coding using adaptive regions; use of a folder and file structure for layers of bits; and a method of inserting new intra frames by counting the number of bits needed for a motion compensated frame.

Techniques and tools for joint coding and decoding of reference field selection information and differential motion vector information are described. For example, a video decoder decodes a variable length code that jointly represents differential motion vector information and a motion vector predictor selection for a motion vector. The decoder then reconstructs the motion vector based at least in part on the differential motion vector information and the motion vector predictor selection. A video encoder performs corresponding processing.

A Fiber Channel switch is presented that tracks the congestion status of destination ports in an XOFF mask at each input. A mapping is maintained between virtual channels on an ISL and the destination ports to allow changes in the XOFF mask to trigger a primitive to an upstream port that provides virtual channel flow control. The XOFF mask is also used to avoid sending frames to a congested port. Instead, these frames are stored on a single deferred queue and later processed in a manner designed to maintain frame ordering. A routing system is provided that applies multiple routing rules in parallel to perform line speed routing. The preferred switch fabric is cell based, with techniques used to manage path maintenance for variable length frames and to adapt to varying transmission rates in the system. Finally, the switch allows data and microprocessor communication to share the same crossbar network.

A moving picture coding apparatus 1 includes: a quantization matrix holding unit (112) that holds a quantization matrix (WM) which has already been transmitted in a parameter set and a matrix ID for identifying the quantization matrix (WM), which are associated with each other; and a variable length coding unit (111) that obtains the matrix ID corresponding to the quantization matrix (WM) used for quantization from the quantization matrix holding unit (112) and places the matrix ID in a coded stream Str.

Apparatus for storing and processing a plurality of data items each comprising supplied data values organized in one or more fields each of which stores typed data. Character strings and natural language text are converted to numerical token values in an array of fixed length integers and other forms of typed data (real numbers, dates, times, boolean values, etc.) are also converted to integer form and stored in the array. Stored metadata specifies the data type of all data in the integer array to enable each integer to be rapidly accessed and interpreted. When fixed length data types are present, the metadata specifies location, size and type of each fixed length element. When variable length data is stored in the integer array, size and location data stored in the integer array is accessed to rapidly and directly access the variable size data. The presence of implicit or explicit size information for each data structure, including variable size structures, speeds processing by eliminating the need to scan the data for delimiters, and by reducing the processing needed to perform memory allocation, data movement, lookup operations and data addressing functions. Data stored in the integer array is subdivided into items, and items are subdivided into fields. Items may be organized into more complex data structures, such as relational tables, hierarchical object structures, linked lists and trees, and the like, using special fields called links which identify other referenced items.

A system and method for maintaining a mapping table in a data storage subsystem. A data storage subsystem supports multiple mapping tables including a plurality of entries. Each of the entries comprise a tuple including a key. A data storage controller is configured to encode each tuple in the mapping table using a variable length encoding. Additionally, the mapping table may be organized as a plurality of time ordered levels, with each level including one or more mapping table entries. Further, a particular encoding of a plurality of encodings for a given tuple may be selected based at least in part on a size of the given tuple as unencoded, a size of the given tuple as encoded, and a time to encode the given tuple.

In a code amount estimating method, when encoding quantized values of coefficients of a larger-sized orthogonal transformation than an orthogonal transformation size assigned to a variable length encoding table, the quantized values are rearranged in a one-dimensional form, so as to obtain run-level sets. The number of groups is computed based on a proportion between an orthogonal transformation area corresponding to the orthogonal transformation size assigned to the variable length encoding table and an orthogonal transformation area for an encoding target. The Run-Level sets are classified into groups having the number of groups. Each Run is divided by the number of groups, and the obtained quotient is set as Run. A code length of each Run-Level set in each group is determined by referring to the variable length encoding table. The amount of generated code is estimated to be the total sum of the code lengths of all groups.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a video coding method and a video decoding method which allow enhancement of coding efficiency and improvement in video quality. A video coding apparatus (100) includes: a mode determination unit (111) which determines a notification method for notifying a transform block size to be used in orthogonal transform of a current block to be either the implicit mode or the explicit mode, and outputs the ABT mode indicating the determined notification method; an orthogonal transformation unit (104) which transforms the difference values between the input image and predicted image into frequency coefficients based on the transform block size determined in accordance with the determined notification method; a quantization unit (105) which quantizes the frequency coefficients and output the quantized values; and a variable length coding unit (110) which performs variable length coding on the quantized values, the ABT mode, and the like, so as to output a coded stream.

The disclosure relates to a method, apparatus, and recording medium for encoding an intra-prediction mode of an image using variable length codes, including: determining an intra prediction mode of a current block; determining an intra prediction mode having smallest mode number among intra prediction modes of encoded adjacent blocks as Most Probable Mode; generating and allocating variable length codes in ascending order from shorter code with higher similarity for directivity with MPM for all intra-prediction modes; and encoding intra prediction mode of current block based on allocated variable length codes, and thereby generates efficient variable length codes in consideration of high correlation in the intra-prediction modes of current block and peripheral blocks even if intra-prediction mode of current block does not match MPM derived with reference to peripheral blocks, and efficiently compressing information on intra-prediction mode of current block using variable length codes, thereby improving intra video encoding performance.

It is an object to improve coding efficiency by suitably setting, with respect to input information in moving image coding, a parameter for quantization calculation at the time of quantization. Various parameters for quantization calculation are set by a parameter setter 103, quantization is performed with the set parameters for quantization calculation by a quantizer 102, a coding cost J is calculated from a generated code amount R and a quantization distortion amount R obtained as a result thereof, and a parameter judgment unit 107 for quantization calculation selects, as a parameter for quantization calculation having highest coding efficiency, a parameter by which the coding cost J becomes minimum.

A method and apparatus for modulating data modulates data having a length of m-bits to a variable length code having a basic code length of n-bits. A SYNC but insertion section adds a sync signal to a train of codes, after a minimum run. The sync signal has a pattern that breaks a maximum run.

Image data coded by a variable length coding module is output to an external R / W controller and an internal R / W controller. A determination module compares the amount of coded picture data to be recorded next with the amount of free space on an external recording medium. If there is enough free space, image data is written on the external recording medium. If free space is insufficient, subsequent image data is written into an internal memory. When image data is coded into variable length data, it is difficult to predict precisely a recording time of the external recording medium, which means that the external recording medium may become full before a desired amount of image data is recorded. However, image recording may be continued using the internal memory even after the external recording medium becomes full.

Encoded data using reversible variable length code words is input to a forward decoder (123) to be decoded in the forward direction. When an error is detected in the encoded data in the forward decode processing, backward decode processing is started by a backward decoder (126). A decode value determination unit (125) determines a decode value by using the forward and backward decode results and the error detection positions in the encoded data in units of bits and syntax which are respectively detected in the forward decoding and the backward decoding.

Methods and apparatuses for variable length decoding using multiple look-up tables simultaneously. In one aspect of the invention, a method for execution by a microprocessor in response to receiving a single instruction includes: receiving a string of bits; generating a plurality of indices using a plurality of segments of bits in the string of bits; looking up simultaneously a plurality of entries from a plurality of look-up tables using the plurality of indices; and combining the plurality of entries into a first result. The above operations are performed in response to the microprocessor receiving the single instruction.

Techniques and tools for intensity compensation for interlaced forward-predicted fields are described. For example, a video decoder receives and decodes a variable length code that indicates which of two reference fields for an interlaced forward-predicted field use intensity compensation (e.g., both, only the first, or only the second). The decoder performs intensity compensation on each of the two reference fields that uses intensity compensation. A video encoder performs corresponding intensity estimation / compensation and signaling.

Techniques and tools for code table selection and joint coding / decoding of macroblock mode information for macroblocks of interlaced forward-predicted frames are described. For example, a video decoder decodes a variable length code that jointly signals macroblock mode information for a motion-compensated macroblock. The jointly signaled information includes a macroblock type, whether a coded block pattern is present or absent, and whether motion vector data is present or absent for the motion-compensated macroblock. A video encoder performs corresponding encoding.