135results about How to "Reduce radiation intensity" patented technology

Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method for improving a lithographic process for imaging a portion of a design layout onto a substrate using a lithographic projection apparatus, the method comprising defining a multi-variable cost function, the multi-variable cost function being a function of a stochastic effect of the lithographic process.

An insulated glazing unit has controllable radiation transmittance. Peripheries of first and second glazing panes are attached and spaced apart facing each other and then attached to a supporting structure. A conductive layer is atop the first glazing pane inner surface as a fixed position electrode. A dielectric is atop the conductive layer. A coiled spiral roll, variable position electrode is between the first and second glazing panes, a width of its outer edge attached to the dielectric. A first electrical lead is connected to the variable position electrode's conductive layer. A second electrical lead is connected to the conductive layer atop the first glazing pane. Applied voltage between the first and second electrical leads creates a predetermined potential difference between the electrodes, and the variable position electrode unwinds and rolls out to at least partially cover the first glazing pane, at least reducing the intensity of passing radiation.

An insulated glazing unit has controllable radiation transmittance. Peripheries of first and second glazing panes are attached and spaced apart facing each other and then attached to a supporting structure. A conductive layer is atop the first glazing pane inner surface as a fixed position electrode. A dielectric is atop the conductive layer. A coiled spiral roll, variable position electrode is between the first and second glazing panes, a width of its outer edge attached to the dielectric. A first electrical lead is connected to the variable position electrode's conductive layer. A second electrical lead is connected to the conductive layer atop the first glazing pane. Applied voltage between the first and second electrical leads creates a predetermined potential difference between the electrodes, and the variable position electrode unwinds and rolls out to at least partially cover the first glazing pane, at least reducing the intensity of passing radiation.

Pathogenic microorganisms are detected in a wide field of view and classified by Raman light scattered light from these organisms together with digital pattern recognition of their spectral patterns.

Pathogenic microorganisms are detected in a wide field of view and classified by Raman light scattered light from these organisms together with digital pattern recognition of their spectral patterns.

To protect tissue in the treatment of an eye (3) with a focused pulsed laser beam (21) generated by a laser system (2), e.g. a femtolaser system, operating data which define an operating area operated on by the focus (F) of the laser beam (21) during the treatment are acquired in a device (1). The device (1) comprises a processing module (14) for providing control data for the laser system (2) on the basis of the operating data and taking into consideration the light propagation in the eye. The control data limit the time of the treatment by the focus (F) at positions within the operating area in each case in such a manner that tissue damage resulting from the treatment by the laser beam (21) is essentially prevented in eye structures located outside the operating area. In particular, the control data determine movements of the focus (F) within the operating area and / or the activity of the laser beam (21) in such a manner that the mean irradiation intensity is reduced and the maximum temperatures in the tissue of eye structures located outside the operating area, particularly in the iris and the retina, are reduced.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor processing system that employs infrared-based thermopile detector for process control, by analyzing a material of interest, based on absorption of infrared light at a characteristic wavelength by such material. Specifically, an infrared light beam is transmitted through a linear transmission path from an infrared light source through a sampling region containing material of interest into the thermopile detector. The linear transmission path reduces the risk of signal loss during transmission of the infrared light. The transmission path of the infrared light may comprise a highly smooth and reflective inner surface for minimizing such signal loss during transmission.

A method for signaling an escape route in a building with emergency warning units arranged in a distributed way can be realized such that the emergency warning units are equipped with luminous means that in the event of an emergency can be activated by a central emergency warning system sequentially in the manner of a running light that designates the direction of the escape route leading away from a hazard site. An emergency warning unit suitable for this purpose may include two LEDs configured as arrows facing in opposite directions, of which either can be switched into a blinking mode by the central emergency warning system in accordance with the emergency conditions.

The package has a base body (51) with a mounting portion for mounting a light-emitting unit. A frame body is joined to an outer edge of the body (51) to surround the portion. A wiring conductor has its one end formed on an upper surface of the base body, to electrically connect an electrode of the light emitting unit. The light transmitting unit (53) is inside the frame body to cover the light emitting unit. - Independent claims are also included for the following: - (A) a light-emitting apparatus comprising a package for housing a light emitting unit - (B) an illumination apparatus constructed by setting up a light-emitting apparatus in a predetermined arrangement.

An improved antenna arrangement is distinguished by the following features: at least two antenna element systems are provided and each has at least one antenna element, which are arranged offset with respect to one another, at least in the horizontal direction, the at least two antenna element systems transmit and receive at least in one common polarization plane, a network is provided, via which the at least two antenna element systems can be supplied with a signal (Ain1, Ain2) with an intensity or amplitude which can be set differently or which can be adjusted relative to one another and preferably with a different phase angle.

Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method for improving a lithographic process for imaging a portion of a design layout onto a substrate using a lithographic projection apparatus, the method comprising defining a multi-variable cost function, the multi-variable cost function being a function of a stochastic effect of the lithographic process.

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials.

In an X-ray diffraction method using the parallel beam method, an X-ray parallel beam (24) is incident on a sample (26), and diffracted X-rays (28) from the sample (26) are reflected at a mirror (18) and thereafter detected by an X-ray detector (20). The reflective surface (19) of the mirror (18) has a shape of an equiangular spiral that has a center located on the surface of the sample (26). A crystal lattice plane that causes reflection is parallel to the reflective surface (19) at any point on the reflective surface (19). The X-ray detector (20) is one-dimensional position sensitive in a plane parallel to the diffraction plane. A relative positional relationship between the mirror (18) and the X-ray detector (20) is determined so that reflected X-rays (40) from different points on the reflective surface (19) of the mirror (18) reach different points on the X-ray detector (20) respectively. This X-ray diffraction method is superior in angular resolution, and is small in X-ray intensity reduction, and is simple in structure.

The present invention is an electronic imaging device and method of expanding its dynamic range. The invention comprises modifying the imaging device by providing a comparator and reset trigger circuit located at or near the site of each of the pixels. The comparator triggers a reset mechanism when the voltage in the charged pixel reaches a reference voltage. During the global exposure time each individual pixel can be self-reset several times, depending on the intensity of the radiation incident upon it. At the end of the global exposure time, each pixel contains only the “residual value” of voltage that remains from the last individual self-reset to the end of the global integration time. An algorithm is implemented, which estimates and determines the number of resets undergone by each pixel during the global exposure time. From this number of resets the algorithm is able to reconstruct the true image. As opposed to prior art methods that make use of pixel reset the device of the invention does not contain electronic components for counting and remembering the number of times that each of the pixels was reset.

A smart meter protection system for decreasing intensity of radiation going into one's home from a smart meter associated with the building structure includes a redirection mechanism operably associable with the smart meter to partially enclose a smart meter so as to redirect radiation emitted from the smart meter away from the interior of the building structure.

A method for improving a lithographic process for imaging a portion of a design layout onto a substrate using a lithographic projection apparatus, the method including: calculating a discrete pupil profile based on a desired pupil profile; selecting a discrete change to the discrete pupil profile; and applying the selected discrete change to the discrete pupil profile. The methods according to various embodiments disclosed herein may reduce the computational cost of discrete optimization from O(an) to O(n) wherein a is constant and n is the number of knobs that can generate discrete change in the pupil profile.

A collimator unit includes a filter set for regulating a spectrum of X-rays emitted from an X-ray source, and a source grating having plural X-ray shielding portions and X-ray transmitting portions. The X-ray shielding portions and X-ray transmitting portions extend in a y direction parallel to a rotational axis of a rotating anode of the X-ray source, and are alternately arranged in an x direction orthogonal to an optical axis direction (z direction) of the X-rays. The intensity of the X-rays is reduced in the y direction by a heel effect. However, further reduction in the intensity of the X-rays by vignetting does not occur in the y direction. Since the filter set is disposed upstream from the source grating in an application direction of the X-rays, the source grating forms arrayed narrow focuses of X-ray beams from the X-rays disturbed by a filter element.

This invention relates to technology used for creating an enhanced artificial magnetosphere or electromagnetic shield for use in both manned and unmanned spacecraft. The invention includes an Interference Generating Pattern (IGP) which is tuned to the high-frequency radiation of X-rays and gamma rays and a conformal magnetic field. This technology will reduce the exposure of astronauts or other space travelers, as well as radiation-sensitive equipment, to the environmental hazards present therein. The net result will be reduced radiation intensity in order to create a space radiation-free environment as to render space travel safe.

The invention discloses a distributed examination room radio cheating counter measure equipment, which comprises at least one examination room radio cheating counter measure central controller for detecting all radio signals within the frequency band of between 40 and 1,000 MHz in an examination room, capturing radio cheating signals, demodulating and decoding the radio cheating signals, authenticating contents of the radio cheating signals, extracting signal characteristic parameters and transmitting the signal characteristic parameters to an interference and blockage device; and the captured cheating information is stored and serves as an evidence and reported through a network. The distributed examination room radio cheating counter measure equipment comprises a detection module, a communication interface, a user interface and at least one examination room radio cheating signal interference and blockage device for receiving the cheating signal characteristic parameters sent by the central controller, forming an optimal interference style and an optimal strategy according to the parameters and producing and releasing radio interference signals. The examination room radio cheating signal interference and blockage device comprises an interference production module, a communication interface and a state management module.

The invention relates to an inspection device for a production machine, in particular, a bottling plant 1 with a filling device 7 or a filling and sealing device 13, with a stream of products (5) consisting of one or more columns, wherein the inspection device is arranged in the production machine, advantageously in the bottling plant 1, directly after the filling device 7 or the filling and sealing device 13 or before a separating device 23, so that the products 5 are inspected before the separation 23 or packaging 25 of the products 5. Furthermore, the invention relates to an inspection method for a production machine, in particular, for a bottling plant 1, in which an inspection device consisting of a source 17 and a sensor 19 scans several products 5 perpendicular or diagonal to the product motion B.

An optical element includes a substrate having at least one surface on which a layer of material is disposed, the layer of material being selected to be at least partially transmissive to radiation with a predetermined wavelength λ. The surface of material includes particles having a diameter in a range of 1–500 nm and the layer of material has a layer thickness in the range of 10–2000 nm. Undesired radiations, e.g. UV and DUV radiations, are substantially reduced or eliminated by scattering, e.g. Mie scattering and / or Raleigh scattering, and / or by absorption by the particles while desired radiations are transmitted to the surface of the optical element.

The invention provides a low-dose CT imaging method, device and system based on a deep dense network. A deep dense network DenseNet is innovatively applied to two processing methods of projection space pre-processing and image space post-processing, and the convolutional residual neural network is utilized to fully understand the information of CT image data and CT projection data. According to the method, the difference between star-strip-shaped artifacts and human tissues and organs is effectively distinguished through full utilization of the image features by the DenseNet, and the star-strip-shaped artifacts, noise and tissue and organ feature structure components are effectively separated, so that the image quality is greatly improved. Compared with other networks with the same scale,the DenseNet has the advantages that the parameter quantity is reduced to a certain extent, so that the requirement of the storage space is greatly reduced. The operation speed is remarkably improved,and the processing effect is superior to that of other traditional image denoising algorithms and deep learning methods.

The invention relates to a preparation method for preparing high-strength polypropylene foamed beads (EPP) with low irradiation intensity. The method comprises the following steps: 1, blending and granulating co-polypropylene with the melting point lower than 150 DEG C, glycidyl methacrylate (ether) and a stabilizer in a parallel twin-screw extruder; irradiating by high-energy electron rays; thenadding carboxyl-, or hydroxyl-, or amino-terminated long-chain structure substance, or carboxyl, or hydroxyl, or amino substance with two or more functional groups at the tail end as a chain extenderand other functional additives; extruding again by using double screws, carrying out water-cooling bracing granulation, drying, and foaming by using a physical foaming agent intermittent kettle methodto obtain the high-melt-strength polypropylene foamed beads (EPP). The processing process is green and pollution-free, and the structure of the materials are controllable; the random polypropylene foam material prepared by the method is low in VOC (volatile organic compound) content, pressure-resistant, buffering and heat-insulating, has excellent high strength, high resilience, shock absorption,energy absorption, heat resistance and oil resistance, is easy to mold and form, and can be widely applied to the fields of military industry, automobiles, buildings, children toys, food packaging materials, household appliances and the like.

A radiation resistant pressure sensor consists of a silicon piezoresistive sensitive component and a metal shell, and the sensitive component consists of a silicon sensitive element with a Wheatstone bridge structure and a glass ring. A front end of the metal shell is provided with a stepped bore as a pressure opening; a periphery of a back-pressure face of the sensitive element is fixed on an internal ring surface of the stepped bore by the glass ring, and a pressure face of the sensitive element is conductively packaged flush with a front end face of the metal shell; a strain resistor on the Wheatstone bridge structure is connected with an internal lead of a gold wire, and the other end of the internal lead of the gold wire is connected to an output cable on a tail of the metal shell; the silicon sensitive element is formed by a monocrystalline silicon substrate; a silicon dioxide composite layer and a silicon nitride composite layer are sequentially formed on a front face of the monocrystalline silicon substrate and taken as insulating layers; the insulating layers extend to form four independent polysilicon layers as strain resistors; the peripheries of the insulating layers are exposed outside a ring edge of the monocrystalline silicon substrate; and the ring edge of the monocrystalline silicon substrate is fixed with the glass ring. The radiation resistance of the radiation resistant pressure sensor is improved by using the pressure sensitive component and the radiation resistant structure with radiation resistant reinforcement.

Light emitting diodes are placed side by side at a front end of the remote control transmitter in a manner that their maximum radiation directions, i.e. radiation directions each giving a maximum radiation intensity, are each inclined at an angle within a range no larger than 5 degrees outwardly of the remote control transmitter 1 and symmetrically with respect to a bisector of a line segment which connects center points of the light emitting diodes. The inclination, within a range no larger than 5 degrees, of each of the light emitting diodes used as light sources for remote control does not cause significant reduction in the radiation intensity. Accordingly, it is possible to widen the transmittable angle within a range no larger than 10 degrees without significantly reducing the radiation intensity at a central portion of the radiation range.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor processing system that employs infrared-based thermopile detector for process control, by analyzing a material of interest, based on absorption of infrared light at a characteristic wavelength by such material. In one embodiment, an infrared light beam is transmitted through a linear transmission path from an infrared light source through a sampling region containing material of interest into the thermopile detector. The linear transmission path reduces the risk of signal loss during transmission of the infrared light. The transmission path of the infrared light may comprise a highly smooth and reflective inner surface for minimizing such signal loss during transmission.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor processing system that employs infrared-based thermopile detector for process control, by analyzing a material of interest, based on absorption of infrared light at a characteristic wavelength by such material. Specifically, an infrared light beam is transmitted through a linear transmission path from an infrared light source through a sampling region containing material of interest into the thermopile detector. The linear transmission path reduces the risk of signal loss during transmission of the infrared light. The transmission path of the infrared light may comprise a highly smooth and reflective inner surface for minimizing such signal loss during transmission.

A concentrated and non-concentrated solar photovoltaic (PV) system with rotating PV cells or cell assemblies is provided to enhance cooling, receive both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, avoid hot spots and prolong PV cell operation life. The solar PV system comprises: one or more reflectors having a sun-facing side and a non-sun-facing side; and one or more rotating members with attaching PV cells or cell assemblies disposed at the sun-facing side of the reflector, herein the rotating members are able to rotate. The one or more rotating members with PV cells or cell assemblies are placed at predetermined positions at the sun-facing side of the reflector, and, during operation, the PV cells or cell assemblies has at least one light illuminated surface which is able to receive reflected light from different positions of the reflector, the direct solar radiation from the sun or the diffused solar radiation from the surroundings.